Implementing Migration Policy Reform: An Outline for Germany

Migration policy in Germany today is better than its reputation would suggest. It has improved considerably over the last 20 years, though it has suffered setbacks and contradictions in the process. The improvements made have been driven less by a commitment to making migration policy “fit for the future” than by the need to respond to a changing reality. In addition, Germany’s integration into the European Union also positively affected domestic realities of integration, which has sown the terrain for a more effective migration policy concept. Nonetheless, instead of tackling problems directly, the migration policy debate in Germany continues to languish under self-critical navel-gazing. As a result, migration policy in Germany fails to seize present opportunities and – even worse – live up to Germany’s self-proclaimed standards as a modern, pluralistic society at the heart of Europe. A forward-looking migration policy that anticipates challenges rather than a backward-looking, ad hoc approach to policymaking is part and parcel of such standards. Indeed, to date, Germany has failed to embed migration policy within a fully coherent strategic framework

Metabolic Syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/What Component of Metabolic Syndrome Is Related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

Objective:Our objective was to evaluate the association of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with each component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and determine which component plays the major risk for developing BPH.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was performed on 203 male patients aged over 50, who came to the internal medicine outpatient clinics just for a check-up with/without any known disease. Forty-three of them were healthy control patients and the rest had only 1 criterion of MS. They were searched for the presence of BPH.Results:BPH prevalence ranged between 45.5-65.6% in the subgroups, there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of BPH between these groups. There was a slight positive correlation between glucose level and prostate volume. Triglyceride levels were positively correlated with Qmax and negatively correlated with the grade of hypertrophy. There was also a slight positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and prostate volumes, grade of hypertrophy, and IPSS scores.Conclusion:BPH prevalence was not different between MS components. We concluded that none of the MS components increase the occurrence of BPH by itself but when those metabolic disorders come together and form a syndrome, the prevalence of BPH increases

Experimental Stress Analysis Of Elevator Wire Rope Under Static Load

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008Bu çalışmada, çelik tel halatların statik yük altındaki gerilme durumu deneysel olarak sunulmuştur.Çelik tel halatlar, normal malzeme numunelerinden farklı kesit ve yapıya sahip olduğundan konvansiyonel yöntemlerle testlerin yapılması mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle farklı yöntemler denenerek çekme testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu şekilde çelik tel halatlar için uygun çekme yöntemi bulunmuştur. Deneylerde üç farklı çelik tel halat kullanılmıştır. Bu halatların tel ve kordonlarına da ayrı ayrı çekme deneyi uygulanmıştır. Be deneyler sonucunda halatların kordonları ve telleri arasındaki ilişki sunulmuştur. Son olarak deneylerde elde edilen sonuçlar, bu halatların imalatçı firma tarafından verilen tablo değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.İn this study, stress situation of wire ropes under static load is presented experimentally. İt is not possible that tensile test achieve with conventional method because of the wire ropes have different section and composition in comparison with normal material. Therefore, tensile tests are realized by using the different methods. In this wise, suiteble tensile methods are found out for wire ropes. İn the experiment, we used three different wire ropes. The strands and the wires of this wire ropes are experimented separately. İn consequence of the experiments, relation between the wires, the strands and the ropes is presented. Finally, results obtained in the experiments are compared with table value of this ropes given by manufacturer.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

PVA Kapı dielektrik tabanlı organik ince film transistörlerin performansı üzerindeki solvent etkileri

In this study, we prepared top-gate bottom-contact transistor and characterized. Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH:PPV) was used as active layer and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)as used gate dielectric material. We investigated solvent effect on the transistor parameters of the devices.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ultra-pure water were used as solvent for PVA. Effect of DMSO ontransistor parameters was investigated and clearly seen that DMSO have positively influence transistorparameters such as mobility, on/off ratio and Vth values. Output and transfer properties of OFET’s that hasbeen fabricated by using PVA dissolved in ultra-pure water and DMSO were analayzed. Mobility of theOFET increased when DMSO used as solvent of PVA. Hole mobility’s are found as 3.07x10-5 cm2 V1 s1from PVA:water based device and 2.17x10-4 cm2 V1 s1 from PVA:DMSO based device.Bu çalışmada, üst kapı alt kontak transistörü hazırladık ve karakterize ettik. Aktif tabaka olarak poli [2-metoksi-5- (2-etilheksiloksi) -1,4-fenilenevinilen] (MEH: PPV) kapı dielektrik malzemesi olarak Polivinilalkol (PVA) kullanılmıştır. Cihazların transistör parametreleri üzerinde çözücü etkisini araştırılmıştır. PVAiçin çözücü olarak dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO) ve ultra saf su kullanılmıştır. DMSO'nun mobilite, açma /kapama oranı ve Vth değerleri gibi transistör parametrelerini olumlu etkilediği açık bir şekilde görülmüştür.Ultra saf su ve DMSO içinde çözünmüş PVA kullanılarak imal edilen OFET'lerin out-put ve transferözellikleri incelenmiştir. OFET'in hareketliliği, DMSO'nun PVA çözücüsü olarak kullanıldığında artmıştır.Delik hareketliliği PVA: su bazlı cihazdan 3.07x10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 ve PVA:DMSO tabanlı cihazdan2.17x10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 olarak bulunmuştur

Electrochemical Growth of Y doped ZnO Nanorods for Use in İnverted Type Organic Solar Cells as Electron Transport Layer

In this study, Yttrium (Y) doped and undoped Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by the electrochemical method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Y doped and undoped ZnO-NRs were used as an electron selective layer in inverted type organic solar cell structure. Effect of Y doping in ZnO was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) was used as an active polymer blend. Inverted type organic solar cells were fabricated with the configuration 'ITO/Y:ZnO-NRs/P3HT:PCBM/Ag'. Active layer was coated on ZnO-NRs by using drop-casting method to completely fill the gaps between the ZnO-NRs. Short circuit current density of the solar cells was increased from 10.6 to 16.4 mA cm-2 by using 3% Y doped ZnO-NRs as electron selective layer, where as the solar cell efficiency was changed from 2.35% to 3.87%. It was experimentally found that charge injection and selection in the Zn-ONRs were improved by doping the ZnO-NRs with Y atoms. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd

High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated with High-k Composite Polymer Gel Dielectrics

This study presents a composite gel-like dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors (OFET) applications. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gelled with propylene carbonate was used as gel dielectric material. Copper phthalocyanine was used as active layer in the OFET structures. In order to enhance the performance of the PMMA-gel dielectric material, silicium dioxide (SiO2) was used as an additive material. Various ratios of SiO2 were added to the gel dielectric and the effect of SiO2 on the OFET performance was investigated. It was clearly observed that SiO2 enhanced the performance and source-drain current of the fabricated OFETs. SiO2 was added to the PMMA-gel with different doping ratios of 0%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% by using a solution-processing method. The dielectric properties of the PMMA-gel:SiO2 composite materials were analyzed with impedance spectroscopy in terms of their effective capacitance ©I), tangent factor (tan(?)), phase angle and complex dielectric constant (?? and ??). The hole mobility of the OFETs was enhanced by 50% SiO2 nanoparticles in PMMA-gel dielectric materials from 6.83 × 10?1 cm2 V?1 s?1 to 4.66 × 100 cm2 V?1 s?1 (at VDS = ? 0.5 V). The time-dependent IDS curves were analyzed for OFETs fabricated with PMMA-gel:SiO2 composite dielectric layers. It was found that all the devices worked stably under bias stress and gave fast responses for all gate voltages. © 2019, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Institutioneller Wandel und europäische Integration

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Untersuchung des institutionellen Wandels in Polen, Tschechien und Ungarn während ihres Beitrittsprozesses zur Europäischen Union. Dabei liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf den dabei entstandenen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Parteipolitik und den Beitrittsbemühungen. Die Entwicklungen in Mittelosteuropa nach dem Ende der Blockkonfrontation zwang die neuen Demokratien in der Region in einen Zustand des demokratischen und ökonomischen Wettbewerbs um den Zutritt zu westeuropäischen Strukturen, die Wohlstand und Sicherheit versprachen. Die Mitgliedschaft in der EU wurde von ihnen als oberstes Ziel, wenn nicht sogar als Belohnung, ihrer gesellschaftlichen Transformation verstanden. Die Konsolidierung der Demokratie war - im Gegensatz zur vorherigen Demokratisierung - in diesem Zusammenhang keine explizite Anforderung, sondern eine positive Prognose, die spätestens mit der EU-Mitgliedschaft der Realität entsprechen sollte. Das Kernstück dieser Arbeit ist die komparative Dreiländerstudie, in der die innenpolitischen Ereignisse, die Motive der Akteure, die Funktionalität der jeweiligen politischen Systeme und deren Entwicklung nach der Errichtung der Demokratie verglichen werden. Außerdem werden die Strukturen untersucht, die von den Kandidatenländern erschaffen worden sind, um den Beitritt zu organisieren. Die abschließende Bewertung erfolgt hinsichtlich der Gründe, die für etwaige institutionelle Veränderungen verantwortlich waren sind und arbeitet die europapolitischen Determinanten für das Akteursverhalten heraus. Die Verknüpfung von externer Einflußnahme mit institutionellem Wandel im Inneren führt zu folgenden politikwissenschaftlich relevanten Fragen: In wie weit hat der Beitrittsprozeß einen Einfluß auf die Konsolidierung der Demokratie in den Kandidatenländern gehabt? Hatte der Beitrittsprozeß kurz- oder langfristige Veränderungen in den politischen Systemen dieser Länder zur Folge? Haben die nationalen Akteure versucht, den Beitrittsprozeß für ihre eigenen politischen Ziele zu instrumentalisieren? Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen wird helfen, die innenpolitischen Konsequenzen zukünftiger Erweiterungsrunden besser einzuschätzen, einschließlich den dabei zu erwartenden politischen Wechselwirkungen auf der nationalen Ebene der neuen Mitgliedsstaaten.The present work deals with the research of institutional change in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary during the accession process to the European Union. The main emphasis rests on the interaction between domestic party politics and accession efforts that took place during this period. The developments in Central Eastern Europe after the end of the East-West conflict forced the new democracies of the region into a state of economic competition for entry to West European structures that promised wealth and security. The membership in the EU was perceived as the main foreign policy objective if not as the reward for their societal transformation. The consolidation of democracy - in contrast to the previous democratization that took place - wasn''t a specific requirement in this context. Instead it was a positive prediction which was believed to come true with the EU-membership at the latest. The central element of this work is a comparative three country study, analyzing the domestic political events, the motives of the actors, the functionality of the given political systems and their development after the initial establishment of institutional democracy. Furthermore it includes an examination of the structures that have been created by the candidate countries for organizing their accession to the EU. The final evaluation is done in regard to the reasons responsible for domestic institutional changes and means an attempt to work out the Europe centered determinants of the domestic actors'' behaviours. The linking of external influence to domestic institutional change leads to the following questions relevant to political science: To what extent the accession process had an impact on the consolidation of democracy in the candidate countries? Has the accession process caused any short or long term changes in the political systems of these countries? Have the domestic actors tried to utilize the accession process for their own political interests? The answers to these questions will help evaluating the domestic consequences of future enlargement rounds, including the correlations on the national level of the new member states

Sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programına yönelik öğretmen görüşlerinin epistemolojik inançları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi

Bu araştırma öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler öğretim programına yönelik görüşlerini, epistemolojik inançlarını, görüşleri ile epistemolojik inançları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışma evrenini Denizli merkezinde 75 ilköğretim okulunda görevli 1654 sınıf ve 155 Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Evrenden ?küme örneklem? yoluyla okullar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 42 ilköğretim okulunda görev yapmakta olan 332 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Epistemolojik İnanç Ölçeği, Sosyal Bilgiler Programına İlişkin Görüş Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 17.0 programı ile çözümlenmiştir. Katılımcıların cinsiyet, mesleki kıdem, branş ve hizmet içi eğitim değişkenlerine göre epistemolojik inançlarının ve Sosyal Bilgiler programına yönelik görüşlerinin karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskal Wallis-H testi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular; öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler programına yönelik görüşlerinde cinsiyete, branşa ve katıldıkları hizmet içi eğitime göre anlamlı bir fark oluşmadığı, mesleki deneyim yılına göre ise anlamlı bir fark yer aldığını göstermektedir. Epistemolojik inançlara yönelik görüşler incelendiğinde ise; öğretmenlerin epistemolojik inançlarının cinsiyete göre farklıklılaştığı bulgulanmıştır. Mesleki kıdeme baktığımızda ?Öğrenmenin Çabaya Bağlı Olduğuna Dair İnanç?, ?Öğrenmenin Yeteneğe Bağlı Olduğuna Dair İnanç? alt boyutunda anlamlı bir farkın yer aldığı bulgulanmıştır. Branş ve hizmet içi eğitim değişkenlerinde ise anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler programına yönelik görüşleri ile epistemolojik inançları arasındaki ilişkiye baktığımızda, Sosyal Bilgiler programına yönelik görüşler ile ?Öğrenmenin Çabaya Bağlı Olduğuna Dair İnanç?, ?Öğrenmenin Yeteneğe Bağlı Olduğuna Dair İnanç? alt boyutlarında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulgulanmıştır. Bu bulgu öğretmenlerin epistemolojik inançları sofistike hale geldikçe, programa ilişkin görüşlerinin de olumluya doğru kaydığını göstermektedir.This research is carried out to identify the views of teachers regarding the Social Studies Curriculum, their epistemological beliefs and the relations between their views of Social Studies Curriculum and their epistemological opinions and beliefs. This is a descriptive survey research. The population of the research is comprised of 1654 Primary School Teachers and 155 Social Studies teachers who are still working in 75 Elementary Schools in the city center of Denizli. The schools that have been picked to be included in the sample of the research are determined by the cluster sampling method from the study population. A total of 332 teachers were selected with the use of random sampling technique. Those teachers are currently working in 42 elementary schools in central Denizli. Personal Information Form, Epistemological Beliefs Scale, Opinion Scale about the Social Sciences Curriculum are used as the data gathering instruments of the research. The data were analyzed by the use of SPSS 17.0 program. The techniques of Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis-H test are used for the comparison of participants? epistemological beliefs and opinions about Social Sciences Curriculum according to the variables of their gender, occupational seniorities, field of studies, and in service training. At the end of the research when the variables are examined, it is seen that no significant difference occurred in the opinions of the teachers about Social Sciences Curriculum with respect to their gender, occupational seniorities, field of studies, and in service training. The findings of the study suggest that there is no significant difference in the opinions of the teachers about Social Sciences Curriculum with respect to their gender, field of study, and in service training participation level, however, a significant difference is observed in terms of the occupational experience level. But the evaluation of teacher opinions in terms of the epistemological beliefs held by them demonstrate that the latter differentiates based on gender. When occupational seniorities are examined, it is discovered that a significant difference occurs in the lower dimension of the beliefs ?Learning Depends On The Endeavor? and ?Learning Depends On The Talent?. No significant difference is observed in terms of the ?field of study? and in service training variables. When we look at the relation between the opinions of the teachers about the Social Studies Curriculum and their epistemological beliefs, a significant relation in negative aspect is indicated between their opinions about the Social Studies Curriculum and the lower dimensions of the beliefs of ?Learning Depends On The Endeavor? and ?Learning Depends On The Talent?. This finding may lead one to the conclusion that the more sophisticated the epistemological beliefs of the teachers get, the more positive their views of the Social Studies Curriculum become

Yoksulluk çizgisi altındaki nüfusa mikrokredi uygulaması ve Türkiye’deki boyutu

YOKSULLUK ÇİZGİSİNİN ALTINDAKİLERE MİKROKREDİ UYGULAMASI VE TÜRKİYE'DEKİ GELİŞİMİ Yoksulluk ve buna paralel olarak yoksulluğu azaltma stratejileri, ulusal ve uluslararası platformlarda gittikçe artan bir öneme sahip olmaktadır. "2015 yılına kadar mutlak yoksulluk çizgisinin altında yaşayan nüfusu yarı yarıya azaltma hedefi" de dünyada bu anlamda somut adımlar atılması gerektiğinin bir göstergesidir. Mikrokredi uygulamaları, yoksulluğu azaltma stratejilerinden biri olarak, uluslararası düzeylerde oldukça ilgi görmektedir. Mikrokredinin, yoksulluğun azaltılmasında etkili olup olmadığı yönündeki tartışmalar bir yana, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki yoksul kadınları "mikro girişimci" yaparak, onların mali piyasalara erişimini kolaylaştırdığı bilinmektedir. Mikrokredi uygulamalarının Türkiye'deki boyutları henüz çok geniş olmasa da, 2002 yılından beri atılan adımlar, sektörün gelişime açık olduğunu ve yoksulluğu azaltma stratejisi olarak benimsendiğini göstermektedir. MICRO CREDIT APPLICATION FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDER POVERTY LINE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY Poverty and strategies for reducing the poverty in parallel with it are having a gradually increasing importance on the national and international platforms. "The aim of reducing the proportion of the people living in extreme poverty by half until 2015" is also and indicator that requires worldwide concrete steps be taken in this respect. Micro credit applications, as one of the strategies for reducing the poverty, attracts pretty good interest at international levels. Other than the arguments that are been made on the subject whether the micro credit is effective on reducing the poverty, it is quite known that it specially enables the poor women in the developing countries reach the financial markets by making them "micro entrepreneur". However the extend of micro credit applications in Turkey is not yet very large, the steps taken since the year 2002 show that the sector is open for development and is considered as a strategy for reducing the poverty