Residual entanglement of accelerated fermions is not nonlocal

We analyze the operational meaning of the residual entanglement in non-inertial fermionic systems in terms of the achievable violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. We demonstrate that the quantum correlations of fermions, which were previously found to survive in the infinite acceleration limit, cannot be considered to be non-local. The entanglement shared by an inertial and an accelerated observer cannot be utilized for the violation of the CHSH inequality in case of high accelerations. Our results are shown to extend beyond the single mode approximation commonly used in the literature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, reference and section headers adde

Continuum multiscale modeling of absorption processes in micro- and nanocatalysts

In this paper, we propose a novel, semi-analytic approach for the two-scale, computational modeling of concentration transport in packed bed reactors. Within the reactor, catalytic pellets are stacked, which alter the concentration evolution. Firstly, the considered experimental setup is discussed and a naive one-scale approach is presented. This one-scale model motivates, due to unphysical fitted values, to enrich the computational procedure by another scale. The computations on the second scale, here referred to as microscale, are based on a proper investigation of the diffusion process in the catalytic pellets from which, after continuum-consistent considerations, a sink term for the macroscopic advection–diffusion–reaction process can be identified. For the special case of a spherical catalyst pellet, the parabolic partial differential equation at the microscale can be reduced to a single ordinary differential equation in time through a semi-analytic approach. After the presentation of our model, we show results for its calibration against the macroscopic response of a simple standard mass transport experiment. Based thereon, the effective diffusion parameters of the catalyst pellets can be identified. © 2022, The Author(s)

Phosphorylation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) dampens hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Recent work has demonstrated that the formation of platelet neutrophil complexes (PNCs) affects inflammatory tissue injury. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is crucially involved into the control of PNC formation and myocardial reperfusion injury. Given the clinical importance of hepatic IR injury we pursued the role of VASP during hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. We report here that VASP−/− animals demonstrate reduced hepatic IR injury compared to wildtype (WT) controls. This correlated with serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase and the presence of PNCs within ischemic hepatic tissue and could be confirmed using repression of VASP through siRNA. In studies employing bone marrow chimeric mice we identified hematopoietic VASP to be of crucial importance for the extent of hepatic injury. Phosphorylation of VASP on Ser153 through Prostaglandin E1 or on Ser235 through atrial natriuretic peptide resulted in a significant reduction of hepatic IR injury. This was associated with a reduced presence of PNCs in ischemic hepatic tissue. Taken together, these studies identified VASP and VASP phosphorylation as crucial target for future hepatoprotective strategies

Entanglement under global unitary operations

Die Quantenmechanik und ihre Phänomene, wie zum Beispiel Verschränkung oder Nichtlokalität, sind bis heute nicht vollständig erschlossen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Einführung in den Begriff der Verschränkung und seine Auswirkungen zu geben. Insbesondere Kriterien zur Detektion und Maße zur Quantifizierung von Verschränkung werden vorgestellt. Desweiteren wird der Begriff der Nichtlokalität näher untersucht und eine Möglichkeit, die Bell Ungleichung, vorgestellt nichtlokale Quantenzustände zu detektieren. Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit ist der Frage gewidmet, wie sich Quantenzustände unter LOCC Transformationen und global unitären Transformationen verändern. Hierfür werden mehrere Beispiele behandelt. Unter anderem GHZ-, Werner-, Gisin Zustände werden genauer beleuchtet und deren Veränderung der Verschränkung und Nichtlokalität untersucht. Ein weiterer wichtiger Teil dieser Arbeit widmet sich der Frage der Visualisierung von Quantenzuständen um ein besseres Verständnis für deren Verhalten zu erlangen. Explizit werden reine zwei qubit Systeme untersucht. Die Verknüpfung solcher Zustände mit dem komplex projektiven Raum ermöglicht eine vollständige geometrische Darstellung. Im Fall von gemischten Zuständen ist die Dimensionszahl zu hoch um eine vernünftige Darstellung aller Zustände zu ermöglichen. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass eine Superposition von Bell Zuständen nur drei Freiheitsgrade besitzt und dadurch darstellbar ist. Doch auch Zustände mit mehr als drei Freiheitsgraden können, durch eine in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Methode, visualisiert werden, indem der Bereich der physikalischen Zustände innerhalb der darstellung angepasst wird.Quantum mechanics and its phenomena, like entanglement or nonlocality, are still not fully understood. The aim of this work is to give an introduction to the notion of entanglement. Entanglement detection criteria like the PPT criterion are introduced, as well as entanglement measures, such as the Entanglement of Formation and related measures. Also, Bell inequalities are investigated and a useful criterion to detect nonlocal states with respect to the CHSH criterion, at least for two qubit states, is introduced. Another aspect of this work is the transformation of states under LOCC- and global unitary operations. Examples, like the GHZ-, Werner-, and Gisin states are studied and the change of entanglement and nonlocality due to this operations is discussed. Another main focus of this work is to investigate the possibility to visualize quantum states in order to get a better understanding of their behaviour. This is done for pure two qubit states, by using their connection to the complex projective space. Thus a full visualization of these states is possible. For the case of mixed two qubit states, a restriction to subclasses of states is necessary to reduce the number of dimensions. A superposition of Bell states reduces the number of degrees of freedom to three and is therefor visualizable. But also states with more degrees of freedom can be drawn, using a method introduced in this work, by transforming the region of physically realizable states

Interpersonal Change During Inpatient CBASP Treatment: Focus on Group Therapy

Background: The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) has been tailored specifically to the demands of patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD). According to the CBASP model, PDD patients are supposed to live perceptually disconnected from their social environment, which consequently maintains depression. While initially developed as an individual treatment modality, the adaptation for group therapy yields an important interpersonal space. However, little is known about the specific factors that contribute to patients' benefit from the CBASP group modality. Methods: The analyzed sample comprised N = 87 PDD patients who completed a 12 week multimodal inpatient treatment including 2 weekly CBASP-specific individual and group sessions, respectively, as well as CBASP-unspecific medical contacts, pharmacotherapy and complementary therapies. Group sessions included trainings in situational analysis and interpersonal skills. Interpersonal change over therapy was examined based on the patients' self-perceived interpersonal problems (IIP) and the impact messages as perceived by their individual therapists (IMI). Pre and post-treatment data were compared using within-sample t-tests. Additionally, patients evaluated CBASP group therapy on a feedback form. They were invited to reflect on individual benefits and its helpful and unhelpful aspects. Qualitative content analysis with inductive category development was used to analyze feedback. Inter-rater reliability was computed to confirm categories before summarizing the frequencies of reported factors. Results: Self-perceived interpersonal distress significantly decreased over therapy. Patients reported reduced interpersonal problems and therapists reported more friendly and dominant impact messages. Interestingly, patients who showed a significant depressive symptom reduction described higher change scores. Regarding qualitative data, patients reported five main benefits from group therapy: Gain in social competence, self-confidence, self-reflection, interpersonal dynamics, and optimism/universality. Patients responding to CBASP identified significantly more factors than non-responders. Conclusions: Compared to studies with individual CBASP only, the present findings suggest that CBASP group therapy may contribute to the improvement of interpersonal behavior. Group therapy is discussed as a potential boosting effect for individual CBASP. However, as the present data were collected in a multimodal inpatient setting without competitor, randomized controlled trials are warranted that investigate the specific benefits of the group modality or the combined individual and group therapy over individual CBASP only

In vitro detection of adrenocorticotropic hormone levels by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy immunoassay for mathematical modeling of glucocorticoid-mediated feedback mechanisms

Performing quantitative, highly sensitive measurements at a single molecule level is often necessary to address specific issues related to complex molecular and biochemical systems. For that purpose, we present a technique exploiting both the flexibility of immunoassays as well as the low operating costs and high throughput rates of the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) method. That way we have established a quantitative measurement technique providing accurate and flexibly time resolved data of single molecules. Nanomolar changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels have been detected in a short time-frame that are caused by fast feedback actions in AtT-20 anterior pituitary glands in vitro. Especially with respect to clinical diagnostic or mathematical modeling this improved FCS setup may be of high relevance in order to accurately quantify the amounts of peptide hormones—such as ACTH—as well as signaling molecules, transcription factors, etc., being involved in intra- and extracellular reaction networks

Global Retrievals of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence With TROPOMI: First Results and Intersensor Comparison to OCO-2

In recent years, solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) retrieved from spaceborne spectrometers has been extensively used as a proxy for terrestrial photosynthesis at relatively sparse temporal and spatial scales. The near‐infrared band of the recently launched TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) features the required spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio to retrieve SIF in a spectral range devoid of atmospheric absorption features. We find that initial TROPOMI spectra meet high expectations for a substantially improved spatiotemporal resolution (up to 7‐km × 3.5‐km pixels with daily revisit), representing a step change in SIF remote sensing capabilities. However, interpretation requires caution, as the broad range of viewing‐illumination geometries covered by TROPOMI's 2,600‐km‐wide swath needs to be taken into account. A first intersensor comparison with OCO‐2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2) SIF shows excellent agreement, underscoring the high quality of TROPOMI's SIF retrievals and the notable radiometric performance of the instrument

Global Retrievals of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Red Wavelengths With TROPOMI

Observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll a fluorescence (SIF) from spaceborne spectrometers can advance our understanding of terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles. Here we present the first global retrievals of SIF at red wavelengths from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Despite the weak signal level, considerable uncertainties, and subtle measurement artifacts, spatial patterns and magnitudes agree with independent data sets. Over land, spatial patterns of our red SIF estimates covary with the far‐red SIF data. Red SIF over the ocean is highly consistent with the normalized fluorescence line height (nFLH) inferred from measurements of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), even when comparing single days and fine spatial scales. Major advantages of our Fraunhofer line‐based SIF retrievals include the capability to sense SIF through optically thin cloud/aerosol layers and an insensitivity to ocean color. This opens up new avenues for studying ocean biogeochemistry from space