Aspect Level Sentiment Analysis using Machine Learning Approach: A Comprehensive Review

Sentimental analysis is now used from product marketing specific to the detection of social behavior. Progress on Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and other microblogging and social networking sites has not only contributed to a change in social sites, but also to the way we use these sites and the way we do it. People are fundamentally changing their feelings and their points of view with the general public. In this paper a detailed study of different approaches for lexicon-based sentiment analysis are discussed. This paper also shows that efficiency of machine learning over traditional lexicon based sentiment analysis

Nanoparticles for hyperthermic therapy: synthesis strategies and applications in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans. Current GBM treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, sometimes supplemented with novel therapies. Despite recent advances, survival of GBM patients remains poor. Major challenges in GBM treatment are drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier, restriction of damage to healthy brain tissues, and limitation of resistance to therapies. This article reviews recent advances in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for hyperthermia ablation of GBM. First, the article introduces GBM, its current treatment, and hyperthermia as a potential modality for the management of GBM. Second, it introduces MNPs, GNRs, and CNTs as inorganic agents to induce hyperthermia in GBM. Third, it discusses different methodologies for synthesis of each inorganic agent. Finally, it reviews in vitro and in vivo studies in which MNPs, GNRs, and CNTs have been applied for hyperthermia ablation and drug delivery in GBM

A perspective on SARS-CoV-2 and community transmission in the top COVID-19 affected nations

In most countries, during the initial months of the COVID-19 outbreak resources were directed to mitigation measures that prevented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from symptomatic individuals. The coverage of the pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals' testing required intensive clinical sampling along with rigorous symptom-based screening. Based on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the disease outbreak across nations was divided into four distinct stages: (i) epidemic, (ii) community transmission, (iii) local transmission, and (iv) imported cases. Here we discuss the COVID-19 community transmission stage for the top ten COVID-19 affected nations. Epidemic dynamics and policies implemented to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied globally. Further, the mitigation strategies and related health policies for dealing with the pandemic were based on the stages of transmission of the disease. We suggest that correctly identifying the transmission stage during a pandemic ensures the implementation of mitigation strategies. Thus prompt analysis of the status of COVID-19 transmission stage(s) in any nation seems crucial to direct health policies accordingly

The profiles of first and second SARS-CoV-2 waves in the top ten COVID-19 affected countries

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledged the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a "public health emergency of international concern." Within a month, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic. As of 21 July 2021, 192.8 million cases and 4.13 million deaths have been attributed to COVID-19 worldwide. Here we discuss the data from top ten COVID-19 affected countries, with an emphasis on the average strolling period of 6 to 8 months between first and second wave in these nations. Our study ascertains that analysis of the data from countries temporally ahead of others during the pandemic gives policymakers the chance to strategize and postpone or mitigate subsequent COVID-19 waves. With governments throughout the globe continuing their immunisation efforts, a study of the key indicators of COVID-19 waves from the top ten countries is critical to preparing the healthcare system to save millions of lives

Burden of intestinal parasitic infection in patients attending tertiary care hospital in rural Haryana: A three year retrospective study

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections is a serious public health problem in most of the regions of the world, especially in developing countries, and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and among highrisk groups. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study we have analyzed the results of stool samples received in Department of Microbiology over a period of three years i.e. from January 2013 to December 2015. Available clinical details were noted. Data so obtained was analyzed. Results: Out of the total 2136 samples prevalence of intestinal infections was 17.5%. Protozoal cysts or trophozoites were detected in 89.0% and Helminthes were detected in 17.9% positive samples. Giardia lamblia was the most common protozoa and Hymenolepis nana was the most common helminth found. Parasitosis was seen more in female (18.9%) than male (16.5%). In our study, 89.5% samples had single parasite, 8.8% had two parasites and 1.6% samples contained 3 or more parasites. Diarrhoea/loose motions, abdominal discomfort/pain and anemia were some of the most common clinical symptoms of patients in the study followed by loss of weight and pruritus. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infection is a major problem in our area. No such study has been conducted from Mewat till date. Findings of this study will help in formulating prevention strategies in this particular region in addition to adding to the existing literatur

Biomarker responses (serum biochemistry) in pregnant female wistar rats and histopathology of their neonates exposed prenatally to pesticides

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects on health of pregnant female rats exposed to pesticides glyphosate and carbendazim. Glyphosate is used as herbicide and carbendazim as a fungicide; all are commercially available readily for various agricultural and domestic purposes. The hypothesis tested in this investigation is that pesticide exposure during pregnancy causes changes in biomarker responses like serum glucose level, total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, SGOT, SGPT, and billirubin level. Significant changes were observed in all above biomarker responses, when compared with the reference. Histopathology of skin and kidney of rat neonates showed marked damage. Degenerative changes and vacuolization with eroded capsule were observed in kidney sample and thinning of epidermis in skin sample was seen in pesticides exposed neonates of rats. The serum biochemistry and histopathological findings are valuable markers for observing the changes caused by pesticide exposure

Cryptosporidium infection among children presenting with diarrhea: A hospital based study from rural Haryana

Background: Cryptosporidium has emerged as an important cause of diarrheal illness worldwide, especially among young children and patients with immune deficiencies. The spectrum of intestinal infection ranges from asymptomatic carrier state to severe diarrhea, depending upon the nutritional and immune status of the host. Materials & Methods: 387children, in the age group from 1 month to 10 years old, suffering from diarrhea, were included in the study. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were detected using modified Ziehl Neelsen staining method. Results: Out of 387 children 80 (20.7%) were positive for cryptosporidium infection using modified Ziehl Neelsen staining. Conclusion: The prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in children presenting with persistent diarrhea is considerable and we suggest routine stool examination to rule out Cryptosporidium infection while investigating diarrhea in children. Also, for control and prevention of this infection, strengthening water quality standards and improving sanitary practices are required

LaScO3/SrTiO3: A conducting polar heterointerface of two 3d band insulating perovskites

This work reports a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (q-2DEG) system at the interface of two wideband-gap insulators, (TiO2-terminated) SrTiO3 and LaScO3, with a minimum thickness of 4-unit cell (uc). The highly crystalline and abrupt heterointerface is confirmed with high-resolution electron microscopy. The mixed Ti4+ and Ti3+ valence states (for 4 uc of LaScO3) obtained from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study suggest an intrinsic electronic reconstruction at the interface, leading to a metallic nature. This origin is well supported by density functional theory calculations that reveal an emergence of 3.3 states/eV/spin at the Fermi level for 4 uc in accordance with the polar catastrophe model. The study offers one more perovskite heterostructure, like LaAlO3/SrTiO3, for unraveling the q-2DEG phenomena toward a clear mechanism and futuristic applications

A human MAP kinase interactome.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways form the backbone of signal transduction in the mammalian cell. Here we applied a systematic experimental and computational approach to map 2,269 interactions between human MAPK-related proteins and other cellular machinery and to assemble these data into functional modules. Multiple lines of evidence including conservation with yeast supported a core network of 641 interactions. Using small interfering RNA knockdowns, we observed that approximately one-third of MAPK-interacting proteins modulated MAPK-mediated signaling. We uncovered the Na-H exchanger NHE1 as a potential MAPK scaffold, found links between HSP90 chaperones and MAPK pathways and identified MUC12 as the human analog to the yeast signaling mucin Msb2. This study makes available a large resource of MAPK interactions and clone libraries, and it illustrates a methodology for probing signaling networks based on functional refinement of experimentally derived protein-interaction maps