Engineering and Management of Space Systems (EMSS) - an international joint Master's double-degree program

Dynamic development of the space sector of European, and especially of Polish and German economies results in a necessity for suitable Higher Education Institution graduates. The increasing digitization, distribution and networking of technical systems leads to the necessity of a degree programme teaching “the systems view” and “interdisciplinarity” methods and skills. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the entire life cycle of the systems starting with the analysis of the requirements, through design, integration, verification, to operation and maintenance, with supplementation of management, social and intercultural skills. Since interdisciplinarity and internationality are essential for engineering and management of space systems, the international project was launched early last year by two universities – Hochschule Bremen (Bremen City University of Applied Sciences, HSB, Germany) and Politechnika Gdańska (Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk Tech, Poland) establishing an international interdisciplinary joint Master's double-degree program - Engineering and Management of Space Systems (EMSS). It consists of three different fixed three- or four- semester study paths of several mobility schemes, though individual educational pathways adjusted to students' preference are also allowed. Each path includesa joint academic year – first semester is conducted in Gdańsk, the second in Bremen. The remaining semesters can be studied at either of the universities. All of the EMSS curricula meet the highest education standards of both countries. Several mandatory modules and many elective courses are included in the EMSS curricula. Upon graduation, students of the program are awarded two Master’s degrees - in Space and Satellite Technologies, issued by Gdańsk Tech, and, depending on the chosen study path, in Aerospace Technologies, Computer Science, or Electronics Engineering issued by HSB. Work on the establishment of a new, international, joint field of study - Engineering and Management of Space Systems, run by both universities is currently in progress. The curriculum of the new study programme will be based on the recommendations of the International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and its German Chapter, Gesellschaft für Systems Engineering (GfSE), and will offer the possibility of certification as a Systems Engineering Professional, Associate Level. This paper includes the lecturers’ and students’ perspective on the program and its future development

Effects of Piptoporus betulinus ethanolic extract on the proliferation and viability of melanoma cells and models of their cell membranes

Piptoporus betulinus is a fungus known for its medicinal properties. It possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. In this study, several tests were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of Piptoporus betulinus on two melanoma human cell lines, WM115 primary and A375 metastatic cell lines, as well as Hs27 human skin fibroblasts. The extract proved to affect cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and at the same time showed a low cytotoxicity towards the normal cells. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method (F-C), and the potential antioxidant activity was measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. One of the active compounds in the extract is betulin. It was isolated and then its cytotoxic activity was compared to the results obtained from the Piptoporus betulinus extract. To further understand the mechanism of action of the extract’s anticancer activity, tests on model cell membranes were conducted. A model membrane of a melanoma cell was designed and consisted of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, disialoganglioside-GD(1a) and cholesterol: DMPC:GD(1a):chol (5:2:3 mole ratio). Changes in a Langmuir monolayer were observed and described based on Π-A(mol) isotherm and compressibility modulus changes. LB lipid bilayers were deposited on a hydrophilic gold substrate and analyzed by IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our study provides new data on the effect of Piptoporus betulinus extract on melanoma cells and its impact on the model of melanoma plasma membranes

Physical training and hypertension have opposite effects on endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression

Aims Changes in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were reported in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a link between BDNF and endothelial functionality. However, little is known on cardiovascular BDNF. Our aim was to investigate levels/localization, function, and relevance of cardiovascular BDNF. Methods and results BDNF levels (western blotting) and localization (immunostaining) were assessed in the heart and aorta from rats with impaired (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]), normal (Wistar Kyoto rats [WKY]), and improved (SHR and WKY subjected to physical training) endothelial function. BDNF levels were also measured in cultured endothelial cells (CECs) subjected to low and high shear stress. The cardiovascular effects of BDNF were investigated in isolated aortic rings and hearts. The results showed high BDNF levels in the heart and aorta, the expression being prominent in endothelial cells as compared with other cell types. Exogenous BDNF vasodilated aortic rings but changed neither coronary flow nor cardiac contractility. Hypertension was associated with decreased expression of BDNF in the endothelium, whereas physical training led to endothelial BDNF up-regulation not only in WKY but also in SHR. Exposure of CECs to high shear stress stimulated BDNF production and secretion. Conclusion Cardiovascular BDNF is mainly localized within endothelial cells in which its expression is dependent on endothelial function. These results open new perspectives on the role of endothelial BDNF in cardiovascular healt

A preliminary assessment of soil sulphur contamination and vegetations the vicinity of former boreholes on the afforested post-mine site Jeziórko

The work aims to assess soil sulfur contamination degree indicating various reclamation efficiencies within microhabitats formed in the “Jeziorko” inoperative boreholes of former sulfur-mining areas which have been reclaimed to forest. Three plot categories have been initially determined in post-mining areas: category D – degraded, i.e. ineffectively reclaimed and unsuccessfully afforested plots, pine stands category (P), and birch stands (B), successfully afforestated. Afterwards, four circular plots were defined within each of the determined categories (4 replications, i.e. a total of 12 plots). For each plot, cover-abundance (according to the Braun-Blanquet scale) and dominant herbaceous vegetation species, tree species and stand density were determined. Height (Ht) and diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements were taken, and a vitality assessment was completed according to the IUFRO classification. Soil samples were collected at each plot from the plots in 5 points at two different depths (0–5 cm and 5–40 cm) and laboratory analysis were prepared. Soil  properties such as texture, pH, electrical  conductivity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (Hh), the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, total nitrogen TN, total sulfur TS, and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) were determined. Soils from the D plot category were characterised by high sulfur contamination, excess salinity (EC), and strong acidity in top soil. These parameters indicated the completed neutralization had not been performed effectively at certain sites. Pine (P) and birch (B) stands categories showed good growth rates and soil parameters indicating the reclamation treatments  had been completed successfully.The work aims to assess the degree of soil sulphur contamination of the various abandoned reclamation efficiencies, within the microhabitats formed in the “Jeziórko” inoperative boreholes of former sulphur-mining areas. These areas have been reclaimed to the forest. Three plot categories were initially determined in the post-mining areas: category D – degraded, i.e. ineffectively reclaimed and unsuccessfully afforested plots, with low cover-abundance or complete lack of vegetation, pine stands category, category (P) - birch stands and category (B)- successfully afforested. Afterwards, four circular plots were defined within each of the determined categories (4 replications, i.e. a total of 12 plots). For each plot, cover-abundance (according to the Braun-Blanquet scale) and dominant herbaceous vegetation species, tree species and stand density were determined. Height (Ht) and diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements were taken, and a vitality assessment was completed, according to the IUFRO classification. Soil samples were collected at each plot, in 5 points, at two different depths (0–5 cm and 5–40 cm). Finally, laboratory analysis was undertaken. Soil properties such as texture, pH, electrical  conductivity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (Hh), the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, total nitrogen TN, total sulphur TS, and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) were determined. Soils from the D plot category were characterised by high sulphur contamination, excess salinity (EC) and strong acidity in top soil. These parameters indicated that completed neutralization was not performed effectively at certain sites. Pine (P) and birch (B) stands categories showed good growth rates and soil parameters, indicating that the reclamation treatments were completed successfully

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Activité physique et prévention de l'arthérosclérose : Mise en évidence de l’implication des PPAR (Peroxisome Prolife- raor-Activated Receptor) dans la cardioprotection induite par l’exercice physique soumis ou volontaire chez la souris ApoE-/- mice

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process, leading cause of morbidity and mortality in France.Inflammation is essential in initiation, progression and atherosclerosis plaque destabilization leading to acutecardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that pharmacological PPAR activation prevents ATH developpementand progression and decreased cardiovascular mortality. Compared to pharmacological treatment,physical exercise also significantly prevents cardiovascular mortality.The aim of the first study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise on ATS development andPPAR expression in arterial wall. Our results had shown that physical exercise decrease ATH progressionand increase PPAR-γ expression in arterial wall. Interestingly, PPAR-γ inhibition with BADGE, a PPAR-γantagonist abolishes these antiatherogenic effects. Hypertension increase ATH complication such as plaque rupture. The aim of the second study were to investigatePPAR-γ implication in progression and stabilization of ATH lesions in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensiveApoE-/- mice (2K1C) submitted to different exercises (voluntary wheel running and submitted treadmillrunning) or treated with telmisartan an anti-hypertensive drug. Our results shown that, physical exerciseprevents ATS cardiovascular events by several mechanisms. Similarly to telmisartan, physical exercisesstabilize ATH lesion. Moreover results shown that, submitted exercise and telmisartan have an comparablemechanism. In fact, they significantly decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and in the same timeactivated PPAR-γ expression in arterial wall. Contrary to submitted exercise, voluntary exercises increasesexpression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and increase M2 marker CD206. These results suggestthat voluntary and submitted exercise have two different mechanism of action. Moreover, M2 surexpressionin response to voluntary exercise shift the inflammatory balance in favor to M2. Further, this change of balancein favor to M2, is significantly correlated to decrease of ATH progression. Voluntary exercises significantlydecreases ATH progression in the same levels like telmisartan treatment.Voluntary and submitted exercise has two different mechanisms, submitted exercise decrease proinflammatoryL‟athérosclérose est un processus inflammatoire chronique à l‟origine des accidents cardiovasculaires quiconstitue l‟une des premières causes de mortalité en France. L‟inflammation est le facteur essentiel dansl‟initiation, la progression et l'instabilité des lésions athéromateuses à l‟origine des accidents aigus. Lesdonnées récentes suggèrent que l‟activation des récepteurs nucléaires PPAR (Peroxysome-ProliferatorActivated Receptor) par des ligands pharmacologiques prévient le développement et la progression del‟athérosclérose et diminue de manière importante la mortalité cardiovasculaire. À côté de ces traitementspharmacologiques, l‟exercice physique prévient aussi la mortalité cardiovasculaire de manière significative.L‟objectif de notre premier travail a été d‟explorer les effets de l‟exercice physique de natation, sur le développementdes lésions athéromateuses d‟une part et d‟autre part, sur l‟expression des récepteurs nucléairesPPAR. Nos résultats montrent que l’exercice physique de natation diminue la progression del’athérosclérose et stimule l’expression des PPAR-γ vasculaires. De manière intéressante, lorsque lePPAR-γ est inhibé avec l'antagoniste BADGE, les effets antiathérogènes de l’exercice physique sontabolis.L‟hypertension est à l‟origine des complications graves telles que la rupture de plaque d‟athérosclérose.L‟objectif de notre deuxième travail a été d‟explorer l‟implication des PPAR dans la progression et la stabilitédes lésions athéromateuses chez des souris ApoE-/- hypercholestérolemiques et hypertendues (2K1C),soumises à des exercices physiques (volontaire ou imposé) ou traités avec le telmisartan, un antihypertenseur.Nos résultats montrent que l’exercice physique possède différents mécanismes protecteurs. Demanière similaire, l‟exercice physique favorise la stabilité de lésions athéromateuses de manière comparableau traitement pharmacologique. De plus, nos résultats montrent que les souris traitées avec l‟exerciceimposé ou le telmisartan présentent un mécanisme comparable qui permet de réduire significativementl‟expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoire et d‟activer les PPAR-γ vasculaires. L‟exercice volontairefavorise l‟expression des marqueurs des macrophages alternatifs Mβ et des cytokines anti-inflammatoires(CD 206, IL-1Ra). L‟exercice volontaire diminue significativement l‟extension des lésions athéromateuses demanière comparable au telmisartan. Ces résultats montrent que l’exercice physique volontaire etl’exercice physique imposé ont deux mécanismes d’actions distincts. De plus, la surexpression des M2en réponse à l‟exercice volontaire modifie la balance inflammatoire en faveur des Mβ. Ce renversement dela balance au profit des macrophages alternatifs M2 est significativement corrélé à la diminution dela progression des lésions athéromateuses.Les exercices imposé et volontaire possèdent des mécanismes d‟action distincts. L‟exercice soumis diminuel‟expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoires tandis que l‟exercice volontaire augmente l‟expression descytokines anti-inflammatoires et favorise un phénotype anti-inflammatoire des macrophages M2 quis‟accompagne d‟une réduction des lésions athéromateuse

Physical exercise and atherosclerosis prevention : PPAR ( peroxisome proliferctor activated receptor) implication in cardiovascular protection induced by voluntary or forced physical exercise in ApoE-/- mice

L‟athérosclérose est un processus inflammatoire chronique à l‟origine des accidents cardiovasculaires quiconstitue l‟une des premières causes de mortalité en France. L‟inflammation est le facteur essentiel dansl‟initiation, la progression et l'instabilité des lésions athéromateuses à l‟origine des accidents aigus. Lesdonnées récentes suggèrent que l‟activation des récepteurs nucléaires PPAR (Peroxysome-ProliferatorActivated Receptor) par des ligands pharmacologiques prévient le développement et la progression del‟athérosclérose et diminue de manière importante la mortalité cardiovasculaire. À côté de ces traitementspharmacologiques, l‟exercice physique prévient aussi la mortalité cardiovasculaire de manière significative.L‟objectif de notre premier travail a été d‟explorer les effets de l‟exercice physique de natation, sur le développementdes lésions athéromateuses d‟une part et d‟autre part, sur l‟expression des récepteurs nucléairesPPAR. Nos résultats montrent que l’exercice physique de natation diminue la progression del’athérosclérose et stimule l’expression des PPAR-γ vasculaires. De manière intéressante, lorsque lePPAR-γ est inhibé avec l'antagoniste BADGE, les effets antiathérogènes de l’exercice physique sontabolis.L‟hypertension est à l‟origine des complications graves telles que la rupture de plaque d‟athérosclérose.L‟objectif de notre deuxième travail a été d‟explorer l‟implication des PPAR dans la progression et la stabilitédes lésions athéromateuses chez des souris ApoE-/- hypercholestérolemiques et hypertendues (2K1C),soumises à des exercices physiques (volontaire ou imposé) ou traités avec le telmisartan, un antihypertenseur.Nos résultats montrent que l’exercice physique possède différents mécanismes protecteurs. Demanière similaire, l‟exercice physique favorise la stabilité de lésions athéromateuses de manière comparableau traitement pharmacologique. De plus, nos résultats montrent que les souris traitées avec l‟exerciceimposé ou le telmisartan présentent un mécanisme comparable qui permet de réduire significativementl‟expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoire et d‟activer les PPAR-γ vasculaires. L‟exercice volontairefavorise l‟expression des marqueurs des macrophages alternatifs Mβ et des cytokines anti-inflammatoires(CD 206, IL-1Ra). L‟exercice volontaire diminue significativement l‟extension des lésions athéromateuses demanière comparable au telmisartan. Ces résultats montrent que l’exercice physique volontaire etl’exercice physique imposé ont deux mécanismes d’actions distincts. De plus, la surexpression des M2en réponse à l‟exercice volontaire modifie la balance inflammatoire en faveur des Mβ. Ce renversement dela balance au profit des macrophages alternatifs M2 est significativement corrélé à la diminution dela progression des lésions athéromateuses.Les exercices imposé et volontaire possèdent des mécanismes d‟action distincts. L‟exercice soumis diminuel‟expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoires tandis que l‟exercice volontaire augmente l‟expression descytokines anti-inflammatoires et favorise un phénotype anti-inflammatoire des macrophages M2 quis‟accompagne d‟une réduction des lésions athéromateusesAtherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process, leading cause of morbidity and mortality in France.Inflammation is essential in initiation, progression and atherosclerosis plaque destabilization leading to acutecardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that pharmacological PPAR activation prevents ATH developpementand progression and decreased cardiovascular mortality. Compared to pharmacological treatment,physical exercise also significantly prevents cardiovascular mortality.The aim of the first study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise on ATS development andPPAR expression in arterial wall. Our results had shown that physical exercise decrease ATH progressionand increase PPAR-γ expression in arterial wall. Interestingly, PPAR-γ inhibition with BADGE, a PPAR-γantagonist abolishes these antiatherogenic effects. Hypertension increase ATH complication such as plaque rupture. The aim of the second study were to investigatePPAR-γ implication in progression and stabilization of ATH lesions in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensiveApoE-/- mice (2K1C) submitted to different exercises (voluntary wheel running and submitted treadmillrunning) or treated with telmisartan an anti-hypertensive drug. Our results shown that, physical exerciseprevents ATS cardiovascular events by several mechanisms. Similarly to telmisartan, physical exercisesstabilize ATH lesion. Moreover results shown that, submitted exercise and telmisartan have an comparablemechanism. In fact, they significantly decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and in the same timeactivated PPAR-γ expression in arterial wall. Contrary to submitted exercise, voluntary exercises increasesexpression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and increase M2 marker CD206. These results suggestthat voluntary and submitted exercise have two different mechanism of action. Moreover, M2 surexpressionin response to voluntary exercise shift the inflammatory balance in favor to M2. Further, this change of balancein favor to M2, is significantly correlated to decrease of ATH progression. Voluntary exercises significantlydecreases ATH progression in the same levels like telmisartan treatment.Voluntary and submitted exercise has two different mechanisms, submitted exercise decrease proinflammator

The dictatorship of the Dominican Republic presented in The Feast of the Goat and its influence over characters

Praca poświęcona jest wpływowi dyktatury na życie ludzi i całego społeczeństwa Dominikany, opierając się na książce Mario Vargasa Llosy „Święto kozła”. Pierwszy rozdział przedstawia dyktatora, ukazuje jego życie, rządy i okoliczności śmierci, przedstawia jego najgorsze zbrodnie, podkreślając okrucieństwo, z jakim traktował innych. Drugi rozdział opisuje najważniejszych bohaterów wykreowanych w powieści. Pierwsza część traktuje o życiu Uranii Cabral, kobiety podległej woli Trujillo. Pozostałe części skupiają się na osobowościach typu Augustín Cabral, Amadito, Antonio de la Maza, na których dyktatura również wpływa bardzo negatywnie, na każdego z osobna w inny sposób. Ostatnia część podkreśla cierpienie i problemy całego społeczeństwa. Podsumowując, praca poświęcona jest złożoności psychiki ludzkiej i uległości innemu człowiekowi.Following work describes influence of dictatorship on life both individual beings and whole society. It is based on book by Mario Vargas Llosa “ The feast of the goat”. The first chapter presents dictator, shows his life, leadership and circumstances of death, describes his worst crimes and emphasises cruelty. The second chapter is about main characters created in novel. The first part consist of life of Urania Cabral, a women subordinate to Trujillo’s will. Other parts focus on characters such as Augustin Cabral, Amadito, Antonio de la Maza, also negatively influenced by dictatorship but suffering indifferently. The last part emphasises enormous pain and problems of whole society. Generally, work is focusing on complexity of human psyche and subjection to another man.El trabajo versa sobre la influencia de la dictadura en la vida de la gente y por ende de toda la sociedad dominicana, basado en el libro de Mario Vargas Llosa, La fiesta del chivo. El primer capítulo presenta el dictador, muestra su vida, su gobernación y circunstancias de la muerte, destaca sus peores crímenes, subrayando la crueldad con la que trataba a los demás. El segudno capítulo describe los protagonistas más importantes en la obra. La primera parte trata de la vida de Urania Cabral, la mujer sometida a la voluntad de Trujillo. Las otras partes se fijan en los personajes como Augustín Cabral, Amadito, Antonio de la Maza, en los que también la dictadura influye negativamente, en cada uno de manera diferente. La última parte subraya el sufrimiento y los problemas de toda la sociedad. En conclusión, el trabajo se dedica a la complejidad de la psique humana por la que resulta la sumisión a un hombre

The analysis of the declared composition of balms, milks and oils for body care, with the focus on identifying known potential sensitizers and irritants.

Motyw podjęcia badań: Balsamy, mleczka i olejki do pielęgnacji ciała stanowią grupę preparatów kosmetycznych powszechnie używanych przez dorosłych i dzieci. Przeznaczone są do użytku zewnętrznego, bezpośrednio na skórę w celu jej nawilżenia, ujędrnienia, natłuszczenia i odżywienia. Analiza deklarowanego składu balsamów, mleczek i olejków do pielęgnacji ciała pod kątem występowania składników o znanym potencjale uczulającym lub drażniącym, może okazać się przydatna dla osób które obserwują u siebie niepożądane działania po zastosowaniu tych preparatów. Umożliwi uniknięcie ich zastosowania i zapobiegnie wystąpieniu alergii lub podrażnienia. Cel: Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza deklarowanego składu balsamów, mleczek i olejków do pielęgnacji ciała pod kątem występowania składników o znanym potencjale uczulającym lub drażniącym. Materiał i metody: Przeanalizowano składy 124 kosmetyków dostępnych w drogeriach. Deklarowane składy analizowanych balsamów, mleczek i olejków sprawdzono pod kątem występowania substancji o znanym potencjale uczulającym lub drażniącym. Porównano różnice w średnich ilości analizowanych składników w poszczególnych grupach preparatów, za pomocą analizy wariancji (ANOVA). W celu sprawdzenia ewentualnych zależności między analizowanymi zmiennymi przeprowadzono analizę korelacji za pomocą współczynnika korelacji Pearsona. Najwyższą średnią liczbę konserwantów o znanym działaniu uczulającym lub drażniącym zaobserwowano w kategorii balsamów, a najniższą w kategorii olejków (p<0,001). Nie wykazano różnicy w średnich wartościach substancji zapachowych o znanym działaniu uczulającym lub drażniącym w analizowanych kategoriach. Stworzono wykaz tych produktów kosmetycznych spośród analizowanych, które zawierały najwięcej składników o znanym działaniu uczulającym lub drażniącym, a także kosmetyków, które takich składników nie zawierały lub zawierały ich stosunkowo najmniej.Wnioski: Najczęściej występującymi problematycznymi składnikami w balsamach, mleczkach i olejkach są kompozycje zapachowe o nieujawnionym składzie, ukryte pod kryptonimem “parfum” lub ”fragrance”. Stanowi to istotny problem dla osób wrażliwych na te składniki, znacząco utrudniając dobór odpowiedniego kosmetyku. Dostęne na polskim rynku balsamy, mleczka i olejki różnią się pod względem liczby składników ogółem. Zawierają podobną liczbę substancji zapachowych i konserwujących o znanym potencjale uczulającym lub drażniącym. Najwięcej składników ogółem zawierają balsamy, natomiast najmniej olejki. Każdy balsam, mleczko i olejek zawiera co najmniej jeden problematyczny składnik, co powoduje ryzyko wystąpienia uczulenia lub podrażnienia u konsumenta. Żaden z dostępnych w sprzedaży balsamów, mleczek i olejków nie jest w 100% bezpieczny. Pomimo iż, sposób opisu składu preparatów kosmetycznych jest ściśle określony i powinien być zgodny z nomenklaturą INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetics Ingredients – Międzynarodowe Nazewnictwo Składników Kosmetyków); producenci nie zawsze prawidłowo opisują składniki zawarte w balsamach, mleczkach i olejkach, co utrudnia ich identyfikację i dodatkowo naraża konsumenta na wystąpienie alergii lub podrażnienia.Background: Balms, milks and oils for body care are a group of cosmetics, commonly used by adults and children. They are designed for external use and when applied directly the skin they work to moisturize, firm, lubricate and nourish. The analysis, that the claimed composition of balms, milks and oils for body care with the focus of identifying known potential allergens and irritants, may prove useful for people who observe adverse reactions after the use of these preparations. Therefore, this allows those who have observed reverse reactions or experienced irritation, to identify the possible causes of such observations, thus allowing them to, in the future, ovoid these possible side effects. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the declared composition of balms, milks and oils for body care, with the focus of identifying known potential sensitizers and irritants. Material and Methods: 124 cosmetic products, available in many cosmetic stores, were analyzed. The declared composition of balms, milks and oils were checked for the presence of substances with known potential allergens and irritants. Compared the differences in the average amount of the analyzed components of preparations in each group using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In order to check the possible relationships between the analyzed variables, the correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The highest average number of preservatives known to sensitization or irritation was observed in the category of balms and the lowest in category of oils (p <0.001). There was no difference in mean values of odoriferous substances known to sensitization or irritation in the analyzed categories. Developed a list of those of the analyzed cosmetic products which contain many ingredients known to allergenic or irritant, and cosmetics, which does not contain such ingredients or include them relatively little.Conclusions: In the analyzed cosmetic products, the most common ingredient is a fragrance composition of undisclosed components, hidden under the codename "parfum" or "fragrance", causing allergic reactions or irritations. This is a serious problem for people sensitive to these ingredients, significantly hindering the selection of the appropriate cosmetic. Available on the polish market, balms, milks and oils are different in the number of components in general. Contain a similar number of fragrances and preservatives with known potential allergens and irritants. Most components in general include balms, while the least oils. Each balm, milk and oil contains at least one problematic component, which causes the risk of sensitization or irritation to the consumer. There is no 100% safe balm, milk or oils available for sale. Although the description method of the cosmetic composition is strictly defined and should be consistent with the nomenclature of the INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients); manufacturers do not always accurately describe the ingredients in balms, milks or oils, making them difficult to identify and further exposes the consumer to the occurrence of allergy or irritation

The Influence of Diet on Ovulation Disorders in Women&mdash;A Narrative Review

Female infertility is commonly due to ovulation disorders. They are mostly related to polycystic ovary syndrome, which is currently viewed as one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Ovulation-related female fertility is influenced by multiple factors which may include: age, smoking cigarettes, stress, use of psychoactive substances, and physical activity. Moreover, diet-related factors play an important role in the regulation of ovulation. Dietary components that exert a positive influence on ovulation include: carbohydrate products with low glycemic index, plant protein, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, vitamin D, antioxidants, and iron. A diet based on the structure of the Mediterranean diet also seems beneficial. Components that have a negative influence mostly include high glycemic index carbohydrates, large amounts of animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids, which are typically found in the Western model of nutrition. Due to the paucity of studies that presented a direct link between nutrition and the risk of anovulatory infertility, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on ovulation disorders and indicate the possibilities of future research