Refining the Economic Dimension of Carroll's CSR Pyramid by Taking Organization Form into Account

In 1991, Archie Carroll presented the CSR pyramid, which has since become a widely recognised conceptualisation of corporate social responsibility. Responding to recent suggestions that understanding of the pyramid should be evaluated with regard to particular organisational contexts, the paper proceeds from awareness that not all corporations are owned by shareholders. Analysing qualitative data from consumer co-operatives, the authors conceptualise the economic responsibilities of these and consider them in light of prior definition of corporate economic responsibilities, to abstract a more general definition of corporate economic responsibility. The article is, to authors knowledge, the first one to address the implications of organizational form in economic responsibilities of a company.Peer reviewe

Osuustoiminta ja järjestötoiminta sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluissa

Sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden uudistuksessa julkisten sote-palveluiden järjestämisvastuu siirtyy kunnilta 18 uudelle maakunnalle vuoden 2021 alussa. Uudistukseen liittyy odotus ja toive, että yksityiset toimijat ottavat aiempaa suuremman roolin sote-palveluiden tuottamisessa. Niin sanottua monituottaja-mallia on edistetty myös sillä ajatuksella, että se mahdollistaisi pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten aiempaa helpomman mukaantulon sote-markkinoille. Erityisesti pienten ja keskisuurten toimijoiden sekä osakeyhtiöstä poikkeavien oikeudellisten muotojen asemasta tulevilla sote-markkinoilla oli tarpeen saada lisätietoa. Päätavoitteeksi määriteltiin uuden tiedon tuottaminen osuuskunnista ja järjestötoimijoista sote-palveluiden tuottajina. Pääpainoksi valittiin valinnanvapauden piiriin kaavaillut asiakasseteli- ja henkilökohtaisen budjetin palvelut. Hankkeessa kartoitettiin ja analysoitiin nykytilanne osuustoiminnallisista ja järjestötoimijoista sekä niiden olemassa olevasta kapasiteetista sote-palveluiden tuottajina, selvitettiin valinnanvapauslakiesityksen ja järjestäjän tuleville sote-palvelutuottajille asettamat toimintavaatimukset ja niihin liittyvät toimintaedellytykset sekä kuvattiin osuustoiminnallisiin ja järjestötoimijoihin liittyvät edut ja haasteet. Hankkeessa tuotettiin politiikka- ja toimenpidesuosituksia, joiden avulla osuustoiminnalliset ja järjestöpohjaiset palvelun-tuottajat saavuttavat yhdenvertaisen aseman osakeyhtiöiden kanssa ja kehittyvät palveluntarjoajina sote-markkinoill

Domo Arigato Mr. Roboto:Emergence of Automated Social Presence in Organizational Frontlines and Customers’ Service Experiences

Technology is rapidly changing the nature of service, customers’ service frontline experiences, and customers’ relationships with service providers. Based on the prediction that in the marketplace of 2025, technology (e.g., service-providing humanoid robots) will be melded into numerous service experiences, this article spotlights technology’s ability to engage customers on a social level as a critical advancement of technology infusions. Specifically, it introduces the novel concept of automated social presence (ASP; i.e., the extent to which technology makes customers feel the presence of another social entity) to the services literature. The authors develop a typology that highlights different combinations of automated and human social presence in organizational frontlines and indicates literature gaps, thereby emphasizing avenues for future research. Moreover, the article presents a conceptual framework that focuses on (a) how the relationship between ASP and several key service and customer outcomes is mediated by social cognition and perceptions of psychological ownership as well as (b) three customer-related factors that moderate the relationship between ASP and social cognition and psychological ownership (i.e., a customer’s relationship orientation, tendency to anthropomorphize, and technology readiness). Finally, propositions are presented that can be a catalyst for future work to enhance the understanding of how technology infusion, particularly service robots, influences customers’ frontline experiences in the future

A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.Peer reviewe

A Family Dimension in SME Owner-Managers Ownership Profiles A Psychological Ownership Perspective

This paper introduces a contextual model of ownership that consists of social, action and object dimensions. We build on business ownership and family business literatures as well as that of the psychology of ownership to analyze small business owner-managers’ ownership profiles. In the empirical section we show that distinct ownership profiles can be identified and that those owner-managers who view their business as a family business have distinct profiles from those of non-family business owners. Our analysis shows that family business profiles include care-taking, stewardship and continuity as well as a perception of the company as a tool for achieving other valuable things in the world outside the company. Most importantly, we note that these profiles differ dramatically from the personal, extended self type of psychological ownership previously seen as the key element in family businesses. We conclude that future research should pay more attention to the sharedness and collective orientation present in family firms, including development and adoption of collective level measures in studying ownership and the related psychological states

The Determinants of Membership in Cooperative Banks: Common Bond versus Private Gain

Membership in organizations has been rarely studied by economists. We study the determinants of membership in financial cooperatives, organizations that have significant economic and social presence in many countries. By identifying economic and non-economic incentives to be members of cooperatives, our conceptual framework is novel. Our empirical work analyzes panel data from 2001–2009 for Finnish cooperative banks and compares two empirical concepts of the membership ratio. We find evidence that monetary incentives are important reasons to join, but also the size of the community from which members are recruited plays a role. Over time, monetary incentives have increased and this may have contributed to faster growth in membership in cooperatives based in larger municipalities after these changes. Cooperatives attracting new members primarily on the basis of monetary rewards is also consistent, over time, with a reduction in the role of the common bond. JEL Classification: G21, G28, P1

Failing to develop a sense of ownership: A study in the consumer co-operative context

Emerging interest in psychological ownership in the domain of marketing calls for better understanding of situations wherein the customers are also the owners of the company. Accordingly, psychological ownership has been proposed to capture the intimate link between customer-owners and the cooperative. However, empirical research has found a diluted relationship between customer-owners and cooperatives in practice. The paper examines empirical data from customer-owners of a Finnish retail cooperative for insight into the factors that prevent feelings of psychological ownership from emerging. By means of thematic analysis, the study identified nine challenges and several distinct reasons for them