Anforderungen an die Planung einer Prüfvorrichtung für Normkreiselpumpen in Hinsicht auf CE-Konformität

Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit trägt den Titel: „Anforderungen an die Planung einer Prüfvorrichtung für Normkreiselpumpen in Hinsicht auf CE-Konformität". Sie handelt von den notwendigen Schritten, um einen Prüfstand für Normkreiselpumpen in der Europäischen Union betreiben zu dürfen. Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollen hier die ersten Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung der Richtlinien der Europäischen Kommission aufgezeigt werden. Es wird erläutert, wie mit Hilfe des Lastenheftes die Anforderungen des Prüfstandes festgelegt werden. Aus diesen Anforderungen werden die Funktionen und der Einsatzbereich abgeleitet, um mit den gewonnenen Daten die Anwendbarkeit von harmonisierten Normen zu prüfen und eine erste Risikobeurteilung durchzuführen. Diese Arbeit soll zeigen, dass eine Anwendung der Maschinenrichtlinie 2006/42/EG bereits vor der Konstruktion zu einer Erleichterung der Erteilung der Betriebserlaubnis durch die CE-Kennzeichnung für den Pumpenprüfstand führt

Cadophora margaritata sp. nov. and other fungi associated with the longhorn beetles Anoplophora glabripennis and Saperda carcharias in Finland

Symbiosis with microbes is crucial for survival and development of wood-inhabiting longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Thus, knowledge of the endemic fungal associates of insects would facilitate risk assessment in cases where a new invasive pest occupies the same ecological niche. However, the diversity of fungi associated with insects remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate fungi associated with the native large poplar longhorn beetle (Saperda carcharias) and the recently introduced Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) infesting hardwood trees in Finland. We studied the cultivable fungal associates obtained from Populus tremula colonised by S. carcharias, and Betula pendula and Salix caprea infested by A. glabripennis, and compared these to the samples collected from intact wood material. This study detected a number of plant pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi, and species with known potential for enzymatic degradation of wood components. Phylogenetic analyses of the most commonly encountered fungi isolated from the longhorn beetles revealed an association with fungi residing in the Cadophora-Mollisia species complex. A commonly encountered fungus was Cadophora spadicis, a recently described fungus associated with wood-decay. In addition, a novel species of Cadophora, for which the name Cadophora margaritata sp. nov. is provided, was isolated from the colonised wood.Peer reviewe

Divergence in female damselfly sensory structures is consistent with a species recognition function but shows no evidence of reproductive character displacement

Males and females transmit and receive signals prior to mating that convey information such as sex, species identity, or individual condition. In some animals, tactile signals relayed during physical contact between males and females before and during mating appear to be important for mate choice or reproductive isolation. This is common among odonates, when a male grasps a female's thorax with his terminal appendages prior to copulation, and the female subsequently controls whether copulation occurs by bending her abdomen to complete intromission. It has been hypothesized that mechanosensory sensilla on the female thoracic plates mediate mating decisions, but is has been difficult to test this idea. Here, we use North American damselflies in the genus Enallagma (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) to test the hypothesis that variation in female sensilla traits is important for species recognition. Enallagma anna and E. carunculatum hybridize in nature, but experience strong reproductive isolation as a consequence of divergence in male terminal appendage morphology. We quantified several mechanosensory sensilla phenotypes on the female thorax among multiple populations of both species and compared divergence in these traits in sympatry versus allopatry. Although these species differed in features of sensilla distribution within the thoracic plates, we found no strong evidence of reproductive character displacement among the sensilla traits we measured in regions of sympatry. Our results suggest that species‐specific placement of female mechanoreceptors may be sufficient for species recognition, although other female sensory phenotypes might have diverged in sympatry to reduce interspecific hybridization.This work was supported by funds from the University of Oklahoma. We are grateful to assistance with publication costs from OU's University Libraries Open Access fund.Ye