The autobiographical construction in non-formal education . Women who seek to deepen and understand its patterns constructed identity

El rol de investigadora-formadora con Historias de Vida en Educación, además de desarrollarlo en el contexto universitario desde hace más de diez años (Jurado Jiménez, 2014), desde hace tres años, lo ampliamos, a otros contextos fuera de la institución universitaria, re-creando un trabajo con grupos mujeres que, independiente de su formación inicial (amas de casa, maestras, camarera, médico, historiadora, etc.) han optado por hacer un trabajo de construcción autobiográfica (oral y escrita) desde una perspectiva de educación existencial y social (López Górriz, 2004, 2007a, 2007b y Jurado Jiménez, 2010 y 2014). Este trabajo se realiza a través de un Taller denominado "Historias de Vida", desarrollado en el Centro de Alto Rendimiento Intelectual "Tesla" situado en el sur de España (Sevilla), siendo un proceso formativo de construcción autobiográfica. A dicho taller asisten dos grupos de madres de alumnado, niños o niñas y jóvenes, que tienen edades comprendidas entre cuarenta y cincuenta años. En el Taller de Historias de Vida se pone en marcha una metodología de investigación-acción- formación, a través de la cual se apunta a la gestación de cambios importantes. Con este trabajo se pretende abrir una vía de construcción de alternativas formativas que ahonden en la esencia de la persona, en este caso como mujeres, ante procesos de desestructuración y re-estructuración singulares y sociales importantes. En el documento que presentamos a continuación, hemos recogido una parte de este trabajo para mostrar la importancia de esta modalidad de formación e investigación autobiográfica

El diario como un instrumento de autoformación e investigación

En este artículo exponemos la importancia del diario en nuestra vida personal y profesional. Éste es un instrumento abierto que se utiliza en distintos campos y del que no hay directrices suficientemente claras en su diseño, aplicación y análisis. Nosotras lo venimos utilizando como medio de clarificación y ayuda para la transformación de las personas a través de un trabajo introspectivo, que entendemos es necesario para poder avanzar no sólo personal y profesionalmente, sino desde una posición de actor social. En este trabajo exponemos dos casos, uno es una experiencia de investigación e intervención con dos grupos de alumnos universitarios de la licenciatura de Psicopedagogía de la Universidad de Sevilla. En el artículo también tomamos otro caso en el que se recoge una experiencia de investigación e intervención con un grupo de mujeres que realizan una investigación sobre sus vidas. Éstas han elaborado y analizado sus diarios.«The diary as an instrument of self education and research». In this article I present the importance of the diary. This is an open tool, used in various fields, but there is wit enough dear directives for its design, application and analysis. I use it as a way to clarification and help for people transformation, through an introspective analysis. I believe that this tool is necessary to advance personnel and professionally, from a position of social actor. I conscience the diary as a tool that helps us to know our necessities, and at the same time, the necessities of those who interact with us.Another important feature of the diary is to record the experiences of its writer, in order to contrast them and to know better the process. In this paper I present an experience of research and intervention whit two groups of students in the Faculty or Sciences of the Education in the University of Seville. In this paper I present an experience of research and intervention of group of women who make an investigation on their lives. These women have elaborated and analyzed the diar

Self-Education: A Challenge For The Development of a More Awareness-Raising and Emancipating Education

En el siguiente artículo tratamos la autoformación, como eje central de este estudio. La autoformación es uno de los ejes de investigación actuales, que en contextos como el francófono se viene estudiando desde hace más de treinta años. Es importante estudiar e investigar los procesos de autoformación para comprender la importancia de una educación más emancipadora y concientizadora. En este texto hacemos una reseña histórica y conceptual de cómo se ha concebido la autoformación y algunos términos afines, como autodidaxia, autoeducación, autonomía, etc. Al mismo tiempo, tomamos el diario personal como una herramienta formativa e investigadora, esencial para promover la autoformación existencial.In this article we write about self-education, as the central matter of our study/research. The self-education is one of the main points of research nowadays. In contexts like the French one that matter has been dealt with for more than thirty years. At the moment it is important to study and make research about the processes involved in self-education, in order to understand the importance of a more and more liberating and a major awareness-raising education. In this essay/article we make a historical and conceptual review/summary of how self-education and associated terms such as «selfdidaxia», «self-instruction» and «autonomy» have been understood. At the same time, we take the individual and personal daily writing as a tool we use for our research and our training, tool which is essential to promote and provide the existential self-education and training

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Suppression of Verticillium wilt in olive planting stocks by root-associated fluorescent Pseudomonas spp

13 pages, 5 tables, 1 figure.Protection of pathogen-free olive planting material from infection by Verticillium dahliae during plant propagation and/or at planting would help in the management of Verticillium wilt of olive. In this study, 8 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens (6) and Pseudomonas putida (2) obtained from roots of olive plants were tested for suppression of Verticillium wilt in nursery-produced olive planting stocks under controlled conditions. All tested bacteria produced the green fluorescent siderophore pseudobactin in vitro but only some P. fluorescens isolates produced either salicylic acid in succinate medium or HCN in vitro assays. The antagonistic activity of P. fluorescens and P. putida isolates from olive against defoliating (D) and nondefoliating (ND) V. dahliae pathotypes varied with culture media. On PDA, isolates of P. putida were more inhibitory to the pathogen than those of P. fluorescens. In planta bioassays were conducted either under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions, by inoculating bacterial-treated and -nontreated 3- to 4-month-old, own-rooted or micropropagated plants of susceptible olive cv. Picual with the highly virulent D V. dahliae. Results from three experiments indicated that root treatment with some of P. fluorescens isolates significantly delayed the onset of symptoms, and reduced the final disease incidence and severity by 31–82% and 73–96%, respectively, compared with the nontreated controls, under conditions of severe Verticillium wilt. In addition, those bacteria counteracted the deleterious effects caused by the pathogen infection through enhancement of plant growth. Our results indicate that root treatment of olive plants with selected P. fluorescens isolates during nursery propagation can help in the biocontrol of D V. dahliae in olive. No correlation was found between efficacy of tested bacterial isolates for in vitro antagonism of the pathogen and in planta suppression of Verticillium wilt.Research was supported by Grant CAO-0017 from Junta de Andaluc ıa, Spain. We thank B.B. Landa, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, for bacterial species determination.Peer reviewe

Present status of verticillium wilt of olive in Andalucía (southern Spain)

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a disease highly prevalent in newly established olive orchards in Andalucía, southern Spain. Two syndromes of the disease occur in Andalucia, namely apoplexy and slow decline. Apoplexy is characterized by quick dieback of twigs and branches while slow decline consists of rapid drying out of inflorescences together with leaf chlorosis and necrosis. Systematic disease observations carried out in two experimental orchards planted with susceptible cv. Picual indicated that natural recovery of diseased trees occurred over time. Infection and vascular colonization of olive plants by V. dahliae were studied in susceptible (Picual) and resistant (Oblonga) cultivars inoculated with a mildly virulent or a highly virulent cotton-defoliating isolate of V. dahliae. Disease symptoms developed 24–32 days after inoculation in cv. Picual, but at that time plants of cv. Oblonga remained free from symptoms. However anatomical observations and isolations indicated that systemic infections by the two isolates had occurred to a large extent in both cultivars

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Spread of Infections by Verticillium dahliae Pathotypes Within a High Tree Density Olive Orchard in Southern Spain

14 pages; 8 figures; 2 tablesThe development of Verticillium wilt epidemics in olive cv. Arbequina was studied from November 1999 to May 2003 in a drip-irrigated, nontillage orchard established in a soil without a history of the disease at Córdoba, southern Spain. Disease incidence measured at 1-month-intervals increased from 0.2 to 7.8% during this period. Verticillium dahliae infecting the trees was characterized as defoliating (D) or nondefoliating (ND) pathotypes by a specific, multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of the symptomatic trees, 87.2 and 12.8% were infected by the D or ND pathotypes, respectively. Dynamics of disease incidence were described by a generalized logistic model with a multiple sigmoid pattern. In the fitted model, the infection rate was highest in the winter to spring period and decreased to minimum values in the summer to fall period. Binary data of disease incidence was analyzed for point pattern and spatial correlation, either directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats. Overall, ordinary runs analysis indicated a departure from randomness of disease within rows. The binomial index of dispersion, interclass correlation, and Taylor’s power law for various quadrat sizes suggested aggregation of diseased trees within the quadrat sizes tested. Spatial analysis by distance indices showed a nonrandom arrangement of quadrats containing infected trees. Spatial pattern was characterized by the occurrence of several clusters of infected trees. Increasing clustering over time was generally suggested by stronger values of clustering index over time and by the increase in the size of patch clusters. Significant spatial association was found in the clustering of diseased trees over time across cropping seasons; however, clustering was significant only for infections by D V. dahliae, indicating that infections by the D pathotype were aggregated around initial infections. The number and size of clusters of D V. dahliae-infected trees increased over time. Microsatellite-primed PCR assays of a representative number of V. dahliae isolates from diseased trees indicated that the majority of infecting D isolates shared the fingerprinting profile with D V. dahliae isolated from soil of a naturally infested cotton field in close proximity to the orchard, suggesting that short distance dispersal of the pathogen from this soil to the olive orchard may have occurred.European Commission (Framework Programme 5). QLRT-1999-1523.Peer reviewe

Detection of the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae in artificial and natural soils by nested PCR

8 pages; 5 figuresIn Spain, Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is the most important disease of cotton and olive. Isolates of V. dahliae infecting these crops can be classified into highly virulent, defoliating (D), and mildly virulent, nondefoliating (ND), pathotypes. Infested soil is the primary source of inoculum for Verticillium wilt epidemics in cotton and olive, and severity of disease relates to the prevailing V. dahliae pathotype. In this work we have adapted the use of previously developed primer pairs specific for D and ND V. dahliae for the detection of these pathotypes by nested PCR in artificial and natural soils. Success in the detection procedure depends upon efficiency in extracting PCR-quality DNA from soil samples. We developed an efficient DNA extraction method from microsclerotia infesting the soil that includes the use of acid washed sand during the grinding process and skimmed milk to avoid co-purification of Taq-polymerase inhibitors with DNA. The specific nested-PCR procedure effectively detected 10 or more microsclerotia per gram of soil. The detection procedure has proven efficient when used with a naturally infested soil, thus demonstrating usefullness of the diagnostic method for rapid and accurate assessment of soil contamination by V. dahliae pathotypes.AGF98-0878 from Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) of Spain; 1FD97-0763-C03-01 from the FEDER-CICYT Program; QLRT 1999-1523 from the European Commission.Peer reviewe