Kasvihormonit ja lakan marjojen kehitys

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Urheilusponsoroinnin riskit ja niiden toteutumisen vaikutus sponsoriin ja sponsoroinnin kohteeseen : case: lehtikirjoitusten välittämä kuva Lahden MM-hiihdoista 2001

Siirretty Doriast

Effect of alternating day and night temperature on short day-induced bud set and subsequent bud burst in long days in Norway spruce

Young seedlings of the conifer Norway spruce exhibit short day (SD)-induced cessation of apical growth and bud set. Although different, constant temperatures under SD are known to modulate timing of bud set and depth of dormancy with development of deeper dormancy under higher compared to lower temperature, systematic studies of effects of alternating day (DT) and night temperatures (NT) are limited. To shed light on this, seedlings of different provenances of Norway spruce were exposed to a wide range of DT-NT combinations during bud development, followed by transfer to forcing conditions of long days (LD) and 18°C, directly or after different periods of chilling. Although no specific effect of alternating DT/NT was found, the results demonstrate that the effects of DT under SD on bud set and subsequent bud break are significantly modified by NT in a complex way. The effects on bud break persisted after chilling. Since time to bud set correlated with the daily mean temperature under SD at DTs of 18 and 21°C, but not a DT of 15°C, time to bud set apparently also depend on the specific DT, implying that the effect of NT depends on the actual DT. Although higher temperature under SD generally results in later bud break after transfer to forcing conditions, the fastest bud flush was observed at intermediate NTs. This might be due to a bud break-hastening chilling effect of intermediate compared to higher temperatures, and delayed bud development to a stage where bud burst can occur, under lower temperatures. Also, time to bud burst in un-chilled seedlings decreased with increasing SD-duration, suggesting that bud development must reach a certain stage before the processes leading to bud burst are initiated. The present results also indicate that low temperature during bud development had a larger effect on the most southern compared to the most northern provenance studied. Decreasing time to bud burst was observed with increasing northern latitude of origin in un-chilled as well as chilled plants. In conclusion, being a highly temperature-dependent process, bud development is strongly delayed by low temperature, and the effects of DT is significantly modified by NT in a complex manner

Metabolism of [14C]GA19 and [14C]GA53 by ecotypes of Betula pendula: the role of photoperiod

In many temperate woody species, short days (SDs) induced growth cessation has been shown to be prevented by the application of gibberellins (GAs). Evidence has also been forwarded for the influence of photoperiod on the metabolism of applied GAs. Continuing with this line of research, we studied the metabolism of 14C-labelled GA19 and GA53. [14C]GA19 and [14C] A53 were applied to the apices of the northern ecotype (67º N) and to the leaves of the southern ecotype (64º N) of Betula pendula Roth. under different photoperiods and at different times in order to compare metabolism during day and night periods. Assay of metabolites was made 10 h after application. Less than half of each applied GA was taken in by the plants and most of the activity was recovered from the application points. There was no clear effect of photoperiod on uptake of the GAs. After the HPLC analysis, most of the absorbed radiolabelled GAs were eluted as unmetabolised forms. However, significant levels of gibberellins A20, A29, A1, and A8 were recovered as metabolites of [14C]GA19 both in apical stems and leaves. In 1SD and 4SD-treated plants, there was less metabolism of [14C]GA19 compared to LD-treated plants. The difference was due to reduced metabolism of 14C]GA19 by SD-treated plants during the night period. On the other hand, metabolism of [14C]GA53 was very limited in all day-length treatments and during both, day and night periods. The most abundant metabolite was [14C]GA19 (10% of the activity in the samples). Key words/phrases: Conjugation, ecotype, gibberellins, metabolism, radioactivity SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol. 28 (1) 2005: 33–4

Pohjoiset taajamapuut

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Gibberellin mediates daylength-controlled differentiation of vegetative meristems in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch)

Peer reviewe

Proheksadioni-kalsium lisää mansikan satopotentiaalia avomaalla

Puutarhamansikka (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) on Suomen tärkein viljelty marja. Mansikan juurakko koostuu lyhyistä nivelväleistä, joissa on yksi lehti ja hankasilmu. Hankasilmu voi pysyä lepotilaisena tai se voi erilaistua joko sivujuurakoksi tai rönsyksi. Kukinto muodostuu juurakon kärkisilmuun, jolloin ylin hankasilmu jatkaa vegetatiivista kasvua. Taimeen muodostuvien kukintojen lukumäärä on siten riippuvainen sivujuurakoiden määrästä. Mansikan hankasilmujen erilaistuminen on päivänpituuden säätelemää. Syksyllä päivänpituuden lyhetessä hankasilmuista alkaa muodostua sivujuurakoita. Päivänpituuden edelleen lyhentyessä sekä lämpötilan laskiessa kukintojen aiheet alkavat muodostua juurakoiden kärkisilmuihin. Kasvu pysähtyy ja kukintoaiheiden muodostuminen loppuu talveksi. Keväällä kasvu elpyy ja kukinta alkaa. Päivän pidentyessä alkaa rönsyjen erilaistuminen hankasilmuista. Suomessa satokauden aikana alkava rönsyntuotanto on voimakasta ja vähentää seuraavan vuoden satoa merkittävästi.Proheksadioni-kalsium (ProCa) on gibberelliinisynteesi-inhibiittori, jonka on havaittu vähentävän rönsynmuodostusta ja lisäävän sivujuurakoiden muodostumista mansikalla. Helsingin yliopiston Soveltavan biologian laitoksella selvitettiin ProCan vaikutusta Polka-lajikkeen kesällä 2004 avomaalle istutettujen taimien kasvuun ja sadontuotantoon. Taimet käsiteltiin ProCalla noin kuukausi istutuksen jälkeen heinäkuussa 2004 ja niiden kasvua ja sadonmuodostusta seurattiin syksyllä ja seuraavana kesänä. Lisäksi kasvukauden 2004 lopulla määritettiin liukoiset sokerit, tärkkelys- ja ravinnepitoisuudet.Vuonna 2004 ProCa lyhensi lehtiruotien pituutta lyhytaikaisesti. Lehtiruotien kasvussa oli havaittavissa lievä voimistuminen kuukausi käsittelyn jälkeen. ProCa kaksinkertaisti sivujuurakoiden määrän ja vähensi rönsyjen määrää kolmanneksella. ProCalla ei ollut vaikutusta glukoosin, sakkaroosin, tärkkelyksen eikä ravinteiden pitoisuuksiin eri kasvinosissa. Seuraavana kesänä ProCa lisäsi kukintojen määrää kolmanneksella sekä hidasti kukinnan ja sadon alkamista muutamalla päivällä. ProCa puolitoistakertaisti taimesta saatavan sadon ja marjojen määrän, mutta ei vaikuttanut marjakokoon.Tutkimuksen perusteella istutusvuonna annetulla yhdellä ProCa-käsittelyllä voidaan vähentää mansikan loppukesän rönsynmuodostusta ja lisätä sivujuurakoiden muodostumista, sekä siten kasvattaa seuraavan vuoden marjasatoa

Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize MIR604 x GA21 in the European Union under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (EFSA/GMO/UK/2007/48)

Source at https://vkm.no/In preparation for a legal implementation of EU-regulation 1829/2003, the Norwegian Environment Agency (former Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management) has requested the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) to give final opinions on all genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products containing or consisting of GMOs that are authorised in the European Union under Directive 2001/18/EC or Regulation 1829/2003/EC within the Authority’s sectoral responsibility. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has therefore, by letter dated 13 February 2013 (ref. 2012/150202), requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) to carry out scientific risk assessments of 39 GMOs and products containing or consisting of GMOs that are authorised in the European Union. The request covers scope(s) relevant to the Gene Technology Act. The request does not cover GMOs that VKM already has conducted its final risk assessments on. However, the Agency requests VKM to consider whether updates or other changes to earlier submitted assessments are necessary.I forbindelse med forberedelse til implementering av EU-forordning 1829/2003 i norsk rett har Miljødirektoratet (tidligere Direktoratet for Naturforvalting) bedt Mattilsynet om vurderinger av allegenmodifiserte organismer (GMOer) og avledete produkter som inneholder eller består av GMOer som er godkjent under forordning 1829/2003 eller direktiv 2001/18, og som er godkjent for ett eller flere bruksområder som omfattes av genteknologiloven. På den bakgrunnen har Mattilsynet, i brev av 13. februar 2013 (ref. 2012/150202), bedt Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM) om å utarbeide endelige vitenskapelige risikovurderinger av 39 GMOer og avledete produkter som inneholder eller består av genmodifiserte organismer, innen Mattilsynets sektoransvar. VKM er bedt om endelige risikovurderinger for de EU-godkjente søknader hvor VKM ikke har avgitt endelig risikovurdering. I tillegg er VKM bedt om å vurdere hvorvidt det er nødvendig med oppdatering eller annen endring av de endelige risikovurderingene som VKM tidligere har levert

Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize Bt11 from Syngenta Seeds for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (EFSA/GMO/RX/Bt11)

Source at https://vkm.no/In preparation for a legal implementation of EU-regulation 1829/2003, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has been requested by the Norwegian Environment Agency (former Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management) and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) to conduct final food/feed and environmental risk assessments for all genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products containing or consisting of GMOs that are authorized in the European Union under Directive 2001/18/EC or Regulation 1829/2003/EC. The request covers scope(s) relevant to the Gene Technology Act. The request does not cover GMOs that VKM already has conducted its final risk assessments on. However, the Agency and NFSA requests VKM to consider whether updates or other changes to earlier submitted assessments are necessary.I forbindelse med forberedelse til implementering av EU-forordning 1829/2003 i norsk rett, er Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM) bedt av Miljødirektoratet (tidligere Direktoratet for naturforvalting (DN)) og Mattilsynet om å utarbeide endelige helse- og miljørisikovurderinger av alle genmodifiserte organismer (GMOer) og avledete produkter som inneholder eller består av GMOer som er godkjent under forordning 1829/2003 eller direktiv 2001/18, og som er godkjent for ett eller flere bruksområder som omfattes av genteknologiloven. Miljødirektoratet og Mattilsynet har bedt VKM om endelige risikovurderinger for de EU-godkjente søknader hvor VKM ikke har avgitt endelige risikovurderinger. I tillegg er VKM bedt om å vurdere hvorvidt det er nødvendig med oppdatering eller annen endring av de endelige helse- og miljørisikovurderingene som VKM tidligere har levert

Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize Bt11 from Syngenta Seeds for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (EFSA/GMO/RX/Bt11)

Source at https://vkm.no/In preparation for a legal implementation of EU-regulation 1829/2003, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has been requested by the Norwegian Environment Agency (former Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management) and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) to conduct final food/feed and environmental risk assessments for all genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products containing or consisting of GMOs that are authorized in the European Union under Directive 2001/18/EC or Regulation 1829/2003/EC. The request covers scope(s) relevant to the Gene Technology Act. The request does not cover GMOs that VKM already has conducted its final risk assessments on. However, the Agency and NFSA requests VKM to consider whether updates or other changes to earlier submitted assessments are necessary.I forbindelse med forberedelse til implementering av EU-forordning 1829/2003 i norsk rett, er Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM) bedt av Miljødirektoratet (tidligere Direktoratet for naturforvalting (DN)) og Mattilsynet om å utarbeide endelige helse- og miljørisikovurderinger av alle genmodifiserte organismer (GMOer) og avledete produkter som inneholder eller består av GMOer som er godkjent under forordning 1829/2003 eller direktiv 2001/18, og som er godkjent for ett eller flere bruksområder som omfattes av genteknologiloven. Miljødirektoratet og Mattilsynet har bedt VKM om endelige risikovurderinger for de EU-godkjente søknader hvor VKM ikke har avgitt endelige risikovurderinger. I tillegg er VKM bedt om å vurdere hvorvidt det er nødvendig med oppdatering eller annen endring av de endelige helse- og miljørisikovurderingene som VKM tidligere har levert