メダカの視索前野で発現に性差を示す神経ペプチド : 性差の形成機構と生理的意義

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 大久保 範聡, 東京大学教授 金子 豊二, 東京大学教授 兵藤 晋, 東京大学教授 浅川 修一, 東京大学教授 岡 良隆University of Tokyo(東京大学

Increased intrapharyngeal pressure with combined use of high-flow nasal cannula and a surgical face mask: a preliminary study

OBJECTIVES: Nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy provides continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), flushes the anatomical dead space, and improves mucociliary clearance. CPAP is usually applied at a flow rate at or above an established threshold value with the mouth closed because it is hard to maintain it with an open mouth. We conducted a prospective study to validate our hypothesis that CPAP can be applied with the mouth open through a surgical face mask. METHODS: We inserted 12-Fr nasogastric tubes through the noses of 18 healthy individuals and fixed each tube within the pharynx to monitor the intrapharyngeal pressure. We monitored the pressure during the following two conditions: NHF oxygen with the mouth open (condition O) and NHF oxygen with the mouth open and wearing a surgical face mask (condition OM). We set the NHF rate at 40 L/min and the oxygen concentration at 21%, under all conditions. We measured the intrapharyngeal pressure five times during each inspiration and expiration, and calculated mean values. RESULTS: The mean expiratory intrapharyngeal pressure (median [interquartile range]) increased significantly from the baseline during conditions O (2.08 [1.58–4.02] cm H(2)O) and OM (3.35 [2.72–3.79] cm H(2)O). In addition, there was a significant difference in pressure between conditions O and OM (p=0.0263, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: In our healthy volunteers, the intrapharyngeal pressures increased during expiration with an open mouth while wearing a surgical face mask

Localization of three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus

The localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain and pituitary of the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to understand its neuroendocrine system. The genome assembly of K. marmoratus did not have any sequence encoding GnRH1, but sequences encoding GnRH2 (chicken GnRH-II) and GnRH3 (salmon GnRH) were found. Therefore, GnRH1 was identified by in silico cloning. The deduced amino acid sequence of the K. marmoratus GnRH1 (mature peptide) was identical to that of the medaka GnRH. GnRH1 neurons were detected in the ventral part of the preoptic nucleus by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and GnRH1-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were observed throughout the brain. GnRH1-ir fibers were in close contact with luteinizing hormone (LH)-ir cells in the pituitary using double immunohistochemistry. GnRH2 neurons were detected in the midbrain tegmentum by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Although GnRH2-ir fibers were observed throughout the brain, they were not detected in the pituitary. GnRH3 neurons were detected in the lateral part of the ventral telencephalic area by both methods. GnRH3-ir fibers were observed throughout the brain, and a few GnRH3-ir fibers were in close contact with LH-ir cells in the pituitary. These results indicate that GnRH1 and possibly GnRH3 are responsible for gonadal maturation through LH secretion and that all three forms of GnRH function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the brain of K. marmoratus

PEPPI-MS: Polyacrylamide-Gel-Based Prefractionation for Analysis of Intact Proteoforms and Protein Complexes by Mass Spectrometry

Prefractionation of complex mixtures of proteins derived from biological samples is indispensable for proteome analysis via top-down mass spectrometry (MS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which enables high-resolution protein separation based on molecular size, is a widely used technique in biochemical experiments and has the potential to be useful in sample fractionation for top-down MS analysis. However, the lack of a means to efficiently recover the separated proteins in-gel has always been a barrier to its use in sample prefractionation. In this study, we present a novel experimental workflow, called Passively Eluting Proteins from Polyacrylamide gels as Intact species for MS ("PEPPI-MS"), which allows top-down MS of PAGE-separated proteins. The optimization of Coomassie brilliant blue staining followed by the passive extraction step in the PEPPI-MS workflow enabled the efficient recovery of proteins, separated on commercial precast gels, from a wide range of molecular weight regions in under 10 min. Two-dimensional separation combining offline PEPPI-MS with online reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation resulted in identification of over 1000 proteoforms recovered from the target region of the gel (≤50 kDa). Given the widespread availability and relatively low cost of traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE equipment, the PEPPI-MS workflow will be a powerful prefractionation strategy for top-down proteomics

ノウホウナイ シュッケツ ニ トモナイ シンゴウ キョウド ノ コトナッタ タボウセイ ノウホウ オ テイシタ スイショウエキセイ ノウホウ センシュ ノ 1レイ

症例は33歳，女性．経時的に増大する膵体部嚢胞性病変を認めた．MRIではT1強調画像で低信号を呈する部位とT1強調画像で淡い高信号を呈する，信号強度の異なる大小不同の多房性嚢胞性病変を認め，MRCPおよび超音波内視鏡検査で主膵管拡張および腫瘍と主膵管との交通が疑われた．以上よりmixed typeの膵漿液性嚢胞腺腫を疑ったが粘液性嚢胞腺腫や膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍を否定できず，腹腔鏡下脾温存膵体尾部切除術を施行した．病理組織学的検査所見では卵巣様間質は認めず，主膵管交通も認めず，mixed typeの膵漿液性嚢胞腺腫と診断した．膵漿液性嚢胞腺腫は漿液性嚢胞液を有するが，異なった信号強度を呈する多房性嚢胞を有するものはまれである．今回われわれは，信号強度の異なった多房性嚢胞を呈した膵漿液性嚢胞腺腫の1例を経験したので報告する．A 33-year-old woman presented at our hospital with cystic tumor increased over time at pancreatic body. Magnetic resonance image revealed multilocular cysts with different signal intensities, which were mixed to low and slightly high intensities in T1 weighted image. Moreover, the connection of the cyst and main pancreatic duct was suspected by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography. We diagnosed as mixed-type serous cystadenoma, yet we could not contradict mucinous cystadenoma and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Therefore, we performed laparoscopic spleen preserved distal pancreatectomy. Histopathological findings revealed mixed-type serous cystadenoma, and the connection of the cyst and main pancreatic duct was not seen. Serous cystadenoma usually has serous discharge in the cyst and shows uniform signal intensity in the image findings. However, serous cystadenoma with different signal intensities in the multilocular cysts is relatively rare. We described a case of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas with different signal intensities in the multilocular cysts that was treated by laparoscopic surgery

Sensorimotor input as a language generalisation tool: a neurorobotics model for generation and generalisation of noun-verb combinations with sensorimotor inputs

The paper presents a neurorobotics cognitive model explaining the understanding and generalisation of nouns and verbs combinations when a vocal command consisting of a verb-noun sentence is provided to a humanoid robot. The dataset used for training was obtained from object manipulation tasks with a humanoid robot platform; it includes 9 motor actions and 9 objects placing placed in 6 different locations), which enables the robot to learn to handle real-world objects and actions. Based on the multiple time-scale recurrent neural networks, this study demonstrates its generalisation capability using a large data-set, with which the robot was able to generalise semantic representation of novel combinations of noun-verb sentences, and therefore produce the corresponding motor behaviours. This generalisation process is done via the grounding process: different objects are being interacted, and associated, with different motor behaviours, following a learning approach inspired by developmental language acquisition in infants. Further analyses of the learned network dynamics and representations also demonstrate how the generalisation is possible via the exploitation of this functional hierarchical recurrent network

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216