Décibels contre les murs, Kilowatts contre les prisons

Cet article étudie les liens entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur des prisons au prisme de l’histoire commune entre radio et détention. Les années 80 sont marquées par l’essor des radios libres et des programmes dédiés aux personnes détenues. Par une approche historique centrée sur cette décennie, nous étudierons la façon dont la radio rebat les cartes des conditions d’existence mais surtout d’expression des détenu·e·s, désormais doté·e·s de cet outil de liaison pour passer outre les murs des prisons. Par l’analyse comparée des archives des radios associatives Spaghetti Al Dente et Parloir Libre – l’une musicale, l’autre anticarcérale – nous restituerons le spectre radiophonique d’alors pour mieux saisir les enjeux de ces transmissions (du lien affectif des prisonnier·e·s au soutien à leurs luttes).This article studies the links between the inside and the outside of prisons through the prism of the common history between radio and detention. The 1980s were marked by the rise of free radio and programs dedicated to prisoners. Through a historical approach focused on this decade, we will study the way radio reshuffles the cards of the living conditions but above all of expression of inmates, henceforth endowed with this linking tool to pass beyond the walls of prisons. Through a comparative analysis of the archives of the associative radio stations Spaghetti Al Dente and Parloir Libre – one musical, the other anti-prison – we will restore the radio spectrum of that time, to better grasp the stakes of these transmissions (from the prisoners' emotional link to the support of their struggles)

Sustainable agriculture: Recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change

Transformative changes in agriculture at multiple scales are needed to ensure sustainability, i.e. achieving food security while fostering social justice and environmental integrity. These transformations go beyond technological fixes and require fundamental changes in cognitive, relational, structural and functional aspects of agricultural systems. However, research on agricultural transformations fails to engage deeply with underlying social aspects such as differing perceptions of sustainability, uncertainties and ambiguities, politics of knowledge, power imbalances and deficits in democracy. In this paper, we suggest that conflict is one manifestation of such underlying social aspects. We present an original conceptualization and analytical framework, wherein conflict is recognized as an important motor for redistribution of power and leverage for social learning that—if addressed through a conflict transformation process—could potentially create a step-change in agricultural transformation towards greater sustainability. Our analysis, building on an extensive literature review and empirical case studies from around the world, suggests a novel approach to guide future transdisciplinary research that can support agricultural transformations towards sustainability

A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

Les grandes entreprises face à la crise climatique - La gouvernance durable en droit Français, Belge et Luxembourgeois

Face aux successions des scandales sociaux et environnementaux liés aux activités des grandes entreprises, de nouveaux devoirs ont été introduits en droit des sociétés. Le devoir de transparence en matière de durabilité, le devoir de vigilance. Avec l'essor de la finance verte, ils viennent encadrer la gouvernance de la grande entreprise et y introduire un élément de durabilité qui lui avait été jusqu'alors étranger. Au travers de ce travail de recherche, c'est à la fois l'émergence de cette nouvelle notion de gouvernance durable de l'entreprise qui est étudiée, mais aussi son incidence sur le droit des sociétés qui est apprécié. L'introduction de ces nouveaux devoirs modifie en effet le fonctionnement de l'entreprise et entraine des tensions au niveau du droit des sociétés avec la notion d'intérêt social notamment, mais aussi en ce qui concerne la question de la responsabilité civile de l'entreprise. Face à l'introduction de cette notion de gouvernance durable, l'évolution du droit des sociétés semble donc inévitable

Suivi coelioscopique des corps jaunes cycliques chez la brebis

National audienc

Éleveur face au changement climatique, un travail qui devient précaire

International audienceWhat is it really like to work in agriculture in a changing climate? Based on interviews in Saône-et-Loire with farmers with a system based on extensive production, we highlight the material, economic, human and social impacts of repeated summer droughts on their work. Cattle breeding and dairy farming are known to be a particularly demanding form of agricultural work that can alter well-being. The recurrence of droughts and natural resources scarcity induced an overload of work and economic losses, without job futures except to further extensify the production. Breeders have the feeling of not doing their work properly. Weariness combined with a lack of recognition of the profession leads to professional and human distress. Cattle breeders find themselves in an environmental precarity due to their dependence on environmental changes. Their attachment to place is affected, with a feeling of loss of natural resources that were once more stable. At the crossroads of the literature on adaptation to climate change and the literature on work, the transformations in the farming profession deserve to be explored further in order to move towards greater resilience.Que signifie travailler en agriculture à l’heure du changement climatique ? À partir d’une enquête menée en Saône-et-Loire auprès d’éleveurs bovins allaitants et laitiers en système extensif, nous montrons les impacts matériels, économiques, humains et sociaux de quatre sécheresses estivales successives sur le travail. Le travail en agriculture est déjà particulièrement prenant et source de mal-être. La raréfaction des ressources provoquées par les sécheresses entraîne une surcharge de travail et des pertes économiques, avec peu de perspectives sinon de rendre encore plus extensif le système d’élevage ou d’arrêter le métier. Le vécu du métier devient difficile avec le sentiment de ne pouvoir bien s’occuper de leurs bêtes et d’être empêché de bien faire leur travail. Une lassitude combinée à un manque de reconnaissance du métier conduisent à une détresse professionnelle et humaine. Les éleveurs se trouvent être dans une précarité au sens où le changement climatique peut révoquer leur métier. Ils sont bousculés dans leur attachement au lieu, avec un sentiment de perte des ressources naturelles autrefois plus stables. A la croisée des littératures sur l’adaptation au changement climatique et sur le travail, les transformations du métier d’éleveur méritent d’être davantage explorées pour aller vers davantage de résilience

Analyse dendrochronologique des carottes d’épicéas modernes de la collection de J.-L. Giddings: Apports pour la datation et la dendroprovenance des bois archéologiques alaskiens

International audienceCoordination et édition des actes : GDR 3544 sciences du bois Actes des 7e journées scientifiques du GDR 3544 Sciences du Bois Clun

Revisiting and Extending the Kobuk River Tree-Ring Master Chronology: A Unique Record for Paleoclimate and Archaeology in Northwestern Alaska

The first and only millennial tree-ring chronology (AD 978–1941) in northwest Alaska was developed in the 1940s by archaeologist and dendrochronology pioneer J. L. Giddings. Constructed from living trees and archaeological samples from the Kobuk River valley, Giddings’s sequence established the chronology of the “Arctic Woodland Culture.” As Alaskan archaeology shifted to the search for the Earliest Peoples, radiocarbon dating offered broader applicability in wood-lacking sites, supplanting dendrochronology. Since 2010, researchers have returned to excavate coastal Birnirk and Thule houses in northwest Alaska, realizing the greater chronometric precision of tree-rings and their paleoclimatic applications, to supplement Giddings’s database with architectural wood that refines the chronological and climate framework within AD 750–1200, a pivotal period in the development of Inuit culture. We present the results of conventional dendrochronology (ring-width) of 250 archaeological spruces (*Picea sp.) from the Kobuk River and northern Alaska. We cross-dated sites using floating chronologies, comparing our sample sequences (n = 70) with Giddings’s, extending its weakly defined earlier centuries (pre-AD 1400) by increasing sample size five-fold. The augmented sequence offers extended spatiotemporal resolution for climate and archaeological studies in northwestern Alaska, focusing on the Medieval Climate Anomaly and transition to Little Ice Age

Revisiting and Extending the Kobuk River Tree-Ring Master Chronology: A Unique Record for Paleoclimate and Archaeology in Northwestern Alaska

The first and only millennial tree-ring chronology (AD 978–1941) in northwest Alaska was developed in the 1940s by archaeologist and dendrochronology pioneer J. L. Giddings. Constructed from living trees and archaeological samples from the Kobuk River valley, Giddings’s sequence established the chronology of the “Arctic Woodland Culture.” As Alaskan archaeology shifted to the search for the Earliest Peoples, radiocarbon dating offered broader applicability in wood-lacking sites, supplanting dendrochronology. Since 2010, researchers have returned to excavate coastal Birnirk and Thule houses in northwest Alaska, realizing the greater chronometric precision of tree-rings and their paleoclimatic applications, to supplement Giddings’s database with architectural wood that refines the chronological and climate framework within AD 750–1200, a pivotal period in the development of Inuit culture. We present the results of conventional dendrochronology (ring-width) of 250 archaeological spruces (*Picea sp.) from the Kobuk River and northern Alaska. We cross-dated sites using floating chronologies, comparing our sample sequences (n = 70) with Giddings’s, extending its weakly defined earlier centuries (pre-AD 1400) by increasing sample size five-fold. The augmented sequence offers extended spatiotemporal resolution for climate and archaeological studies in northwestern Alaska, focusing on the Medieval Climate Anomaly and transition to Little Ice Age

Pointer years in modern Picea glauca from the Giddings’ collection (AD 1600-1941): A tool for cross-dating and identifying extreme weather events in northwestern Alask

International audienceAt the beginning of the second millennium AD, northwestern Alaska is the scene of significant climate and cultural changes. It is during this period of climatic instability of the transition from Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age (AD 1000-1350), that appears the Thule culture, direct ancestor of the today’s Inuit people (Mason 2017)