Criblage par microsphiltration : à la recherche de composés altérant la déformabilité des gamétocytes de <I>plasmodium falciparum</I> pour bloquer la transmission du paludisme.

Background: Human-to-human transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria requires the development, within red blood cells (RBC), of sexual parasites termed gametocytes and their ingestion by Anopheles mosquito vector during a blood meal. Using filtration of RBC through microsphere layers (microsphiltration), we had shown that mature gametocytes present in the circulation of infective individuals are deformable. This deformability is a prerequisite for gametocytes circulation as they have (as any other uninfected RBC) to repeatedly cross narrow interendothelial slits in the human spleen. Objectives : This project aims at discovering compounds stiffening RBC harboring mature gametocytes, inducing their mechanical retention into the spleen, thereby removing them from the human bloodstream and interrupting malaria transmission. Methods & Results: Microsphiltration has been miniaturized to the microplate format, then coupled to high content imaging to quantify gametocyte retention in microsphere filters. Using calyculin as positive control, the gametocyte-stiffening activity of a panel of reference antimalarials was evaluated with the microsphiltration assay. Calyculin-stiffened mature gametocytes were held into spleno-mimetic microfluidic chips and were cleared from the circulation of macrophage depleted mice as rapidly as heat-stiffened control RBC, validating the outcomes of the microsphiltration assay. Conclusions: We have developped a microsphiltration assay compatible with screening. The screening/post-screening cascade has the potential to yield potent pharmacological agents blocking malaria transmission based on gametocytes deformability.Contexte : La transmission du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum repose sur le développement intra-érythrocytaire de parasites sexués (les gamétocytes) et leur ingestion par un moustique vecteur. Par filtration au travers d’une matrice de microsphères (microsphiltration), nous avons montré que les gamétocytes matures -normalement présents dans la circulation des sujets transmetteurs- sont déformables. Leur capacité à se déformer pour traverser la rate est essentielle à leur présence en circulation. Objectifs : Ce projet vise à découvrir des composés rigidifiant les érythrocytes contenant des gamétocytes pour bloquer la transmission du paludisme. En quelques heures, les gamétocytes rigidifiés seront exclus de la circulation sanguine -donc du cycle de transmission- par la rate. Méthodes et résultats: La microsphiltration a été miniaturisée au format microplaque et couplée à la microscopie à haut débit pour quantifier le nombre de gamétocytes retenus par les filtres. En utilisant la calyculine comme contrôle, l’activité rigidifiante d’antipaludiques de référence a été évaluée par microsphiltration. Les gamétocytes rigidifiés par la calyculine ont également été piégés dans des puces microfluidiques spléno-mimétiques. Leur clairance mécanique splénique a été confirmée dans un modèle murin adapté à la circulation transitoire des globules rouges humains parasités ou non. Conclusions: Un criblage par microsphiltration permet de sélectionner des molécules induisant la rétention mécanique splénique des gamétocytes pour bloquer la transmission du paludisme. Un post-criblage in vitro-in vivo permet de valider l’activité rigidifiante des actifs découverts par microsphiltration

Microsphiltration screening assay to discover compounds decreasing the deformability of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes, thereby interrupting the transmission of malaria

Contexte : La transmission du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum repose sur le développement intra-érythrocytaire de parasites sexués (les gamétocytes) et leur ingestion par un moustique vecteur. Par filtration au travers d’une matrice de microsphères (microsphiltration), nous avons montré que les gamétocytes matures -normalement présents dans la circulation des sujets transmetteurs- sont déformables. Leur capacité à se déformer pour traverser la rate est essentielle à leur présence en circulation. Objectifs : Ce projet vise à découvrir des composés rigidifiant les érythrocytes contenant des gamétocytes pour bloquer la transmission du paludisme. En quelques heures, les gamétocytes rigidifiés seront exclus de la circulation sanguine -donc du cycle de transmission- par la rate. Méthodes et résultats: La microsphiltration a été miniaturisée au format microplaque et couplée à la microscopie à haut débit pour quantifier le nombre de gamétocytes retenus par les filtres. En utilisant la calyculine comme contrôle, l’activité rigidifiante d’antipaludiques de référence a été évaluée par microsphiltration. Les gamétocytes rigidifiés par la calyculine ont également été piégés dans des puces microfluidiques spléno-mimétiques. Leur clairance mécanique splénique a été confirmée dans un modèle murin adapté à la circulation transitoire des globules rouges humains parasités ou non. Conclusions: Un criblage par microsphiltration permet de sélectionner des molécules induisant la rétention mécanique splénique des gamétocytes pour bloquer la transmission du paludisme. Un post-criblage in vitro-in vivo permet de valider l’activité rigidifiante des actifs découverts par microsphiltration.Background: Human-to-human transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria requires the development, within red blood cells (RBC), of sexual parasites termed gametocytes and their ingestion by Anopheles mosquito vector during a blood meal. Using filtration of RBC through microsphere layers (microsphiltration), we had shown that mature gametocytes present in the circulation of infective individuals are deformable. This deformability is a prerequisite for gametocytes circulation as they have (as any other uninfected RBC) to repeatedly cross narrow interendothelial slits in the human spleen. Objectives : This project aims at discovering compounds stiffening RBC harboring mature gametocytes, inducing their mechanical retention into the spleen, thereby removing them from the human bloodstream and interrupting malaria transmission. Methods & Results: Microsphiltration has been miniaturized to the microplate format, then coupled to high content imaging to quantify gametocyte retention in microsphere filters. Using calyculin as positive control, the gametocyte-stiffening activity of a panel of reference antimalarials was evaluated with the microsphiltration assay. Calyculin-stiffened mature gametocytes were held into spleno-mimetic microfluidic chips and were cleared from the circulation of macrophage depleted mice as rapidly as heat-stiffened control RBC, validating the outcomes of the microsphiltration assay. Conclusions: We have developped a microsphiltration assay compatible with screening. The screening/post-screening cascade has the potential to yield potent pharmacological agents blocking malaria transmission based on gametocytes deformability

A case of meningitis due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans 60 years after a cranial trauma

Import JabRef | WosArea Research and Experimental MedicineInternational audienceBackground: Achromobacter xylosoxidans (AX) is a non-fermentative aerobic Gram-negative bacillus. It is an opportunistic pathogen and the causative agent of various infections. We report an original case of late posttraumatic meningitis due to AX denitrificans. Case Report: An 83-year-old man was hospitalized for acute headache, nausea and vomiting. The emergency brain computer tomography (CT) scan did not reveal any anomaly. In his medical history, there was an auditory injury due to a cranial trauma incurred in a skiing accident 60 years earlier. Cytobiochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed increased levels of neutrophils and proteins. The CSF bacterial culture was positive: the Gram stain showed a Gram-negative bacillus, oxidase + and catalase +, and the biochemical pattern using the API 20 NE strip revealed AX dentrificans. Late posttraumatic meningitis on a possible osteomeningeal breach was diagnosed even though the breach was not confirmed because the patient declined a second brain CT scan. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem. Conclusions: This report demonstrates the importance of searching for unusual or atypical organisms when the clinician encounters meningitis in a particular context, as well as the importance of adequate follow-up of craniofacial traumas

One Step Further in the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: Evaluating the Contribution of End-groups

Several families of polymers possessing various end-groups are characterized by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS). A significant contribution of the end-groups to the ion collision cross section (CCS) is observed, although their role is neglected in current fitting models described in literature. Comparing polymers prepared from different synthetic procedures might thus, be misleading with the current theoretical treatments. We show that this issue is alleviated by comparing the CCS of various polymer ions (polyesters and polyethers) as a function of the number of atoms in the macroion instead of the usual representation involving the degree of polymerization. Finally, we extract the atom number density from the spectra which gives us the possibility to evaluate the compaction of polymer ions, and by extension to discern isomeric polymers

Efficient Convergent Energy Transfer in a Stereoisomerically Pure Heptanuclear Luminescent Terpyridine-Based Ru(II)–Os(II) Dendrimer

The stereoisomerically pure synthesis of a novel heptanuclear Ru(II)–Os(II) antenna bearing multitopic terpyridine ligands is reported. An unambiguous structural characterization was obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS-MS). The heptanuclear complex exhibits large molar absorption coefficients (77900 M–1 cm–1 at 497 nm) and undergoes unitary, downhill, convergent energy transfer from the peripheral Ru(II) subunits to the central Os(II) that displays photoluminescence with a lifetime (τ = 161 ns) competent for diffusional excited-state electron transfer reactivity in solution

Polymers for Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry Calibration

International audienceOne of the main issues when using traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for the determination of collisional cross-section (CCS) concerns the need for a robust calibration procedure built from referent ions of known CCS. Here, we implement synthetic polymer ions as CCS calibrants in positive ion mode. Based on their intrinsic polydispersities, polymers offer in a single sample the opportunity to generate, upon electrospray ionization, numerous ions covering a broad mass range and a large CCS window for different charge states at a time. In addition, the key advantage of polymer ions as CCS calibrants lies in the robustness of their gas-phase structure with respect to the instrumental conditions, making them less prone to collisional-induced unfolding (CIU) than protein ions. In this paper, we present a CCS calibration procedure using sodium cationized polylactide and polyethylene glycol, PLA and PEG, as calibrants with reference CCS determined on a home-made drift tube. Our calibration procedure is further validated by testing the polymer calibration to determine CCS of numerous different ions for which CCS are reported in the literature

A New Class of Rigid Multi(azobenzene) Switches Featuring Electronic Decoupling: Unravelling the Isomerization in Individual Photochromes

We report a novel class of star-shaped multiazobenzene photoswitches comprising individual photochromes connected to a central trisubstituted 1,3,5-benzene core. The unique design of such C3-symmetric molecules, consisting of conformationally rigid and pseudoplanar scaffolds, made it possible to explore the role of electronic decoupling in the isomerization of the individual azobenzene units. The design of our tris-, bis-, and mono(azobenzene) compounds limits the ÏEuro-conjugation between the switches belonging to the same molecule, thus enabling the efficient and independent isomerization of each photochrome. An in-depth experimental insight by making use of different complementary techniques such as UVâEuro"vis absorption spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and advanced mass spectrometry methods as ion mobility revealed an almost complete absence of electronic delocalization. Such evidence was further supported by both experimental (electrochemistry, kinetical analysis) and theoretical (DFT calculations) analyses. The electronic decoupling provided by this molecular design guarantees a remarkably efficient photoswitching of all azobenzenes, as evidenced by their photoisomerization quantum yields, as well as by the Z-rich UV photostationary states. Ion mobility mass spectrometry was exploited for the first time to study multiphotochromic compounds revealing the occurrence of a large molecular shape change in such rigid star-shaped azobenzene derivatives. In view of their high structural rigidity and efficient isomerization, our multiazobenzene photoswitches can be used as key components for the fabrication of complex stimuli-responsive porous materials

Breast-Conserving Treatment With or Without Radiotherapy in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ:15-Year Recurrence Rates and Outcome After a Recurrence, From the EORTC 10853 Randomized Phase III Trial

Purpose Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after a local excision (LE) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) aims at reduction of the incidence of a local recurrence (LR). We analyzed the long-term risk on developing LR and its impact on survival after local treatment for DCIS. Patients and Methods Between 1986 and 1996, 1,010 women with complete LE of DCIS less than 5 cm were randomly assigned to no further treatment (LE group, n = 503) or RT (LE+RT group, n = 507). The median follow-up time was 15.8 years. Results Radiotherapy reduced the risk of any LR by 48% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.68; P <.001). The 15-year LR-free rate was 69% in the LE group, which was increased to 82% in the LE+RT group. The 15-year invasive LR-free rate was 84% in the LE group and 90% in the LE+RT group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.87). The differences in LR in both arms did not lead to differences in breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.91) or overall survival (OS; HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.44). Patients with invasive LR had a significantly worse BCSS (HR, 17.66; 95% CI, 8.86 to 35.18) and OS (HR, 5.17; 95% CI, 3.09 to 8.66) compared with those who did not experience recurrence. A lower overall salvage mastectomy rate after LR was observed in the LE+RT group than in the LE group (13% v 19%, respectively). Conclusion At 15 years, almost one in three nonirradiated women developed an LR after LE for DCIS. RT reduced this risk by a factor of 2. Although women who developed an invasive recurrence had worse survival, the long-term prognosis was good and independent of the given treatment. (C) 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncolog