Reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire used in conjunction with its lung cancer-specific module

OBJECTIVE: The assessment of the quality of life in patients with lung cancer has become one of the main goals in current clinical trials. To assess the quality of life of these patients, the most widely used instrument is the 30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) in conjunction with its supplemental 13-item lung cancer-specific module (QLQ-LC13). The objective of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese version of these questionnaires. METHODS: A prospective study involving 30 stable outpatients with lung cancer who completed the instruments on the first day of the study and two weeks later. RESULTS: The test-retest reproducibility using the intraclass correlation coefficient for the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-LC13 ranged from 0.64 to 1.00 and from 0.64 to 0.95, respectively. No correlations were found between the domains of the instruments and clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that these instruments were reproducible in this sample of patients with lung cancer in Brazil.OBJETIVO: A avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer de pulmão tem se tornado um dos principais objetivos em ensaios clínicos atuais. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, o instrumento mais utilizado é o 36-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) em conjunto com seu módulo específico para câncer de pulmão com 13 itens (QLQ-LC13). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade da versão em português do Brasil desses questionários. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 30 pacientes ambulatoriais estáveis com câncer de pulmão, os quais completaram os instrumentos no primeiro dia do estudo e duas semanas depois. RESULTADOS: A reprodutibilidade teste-reteste através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para o EORTC QLQ-C30 e o QLQ-LC13 variou de 0,64 a 1,00 e de 0,64 a 0,95, respectivamente. Não houve correlações entre os domínios dos instrumentos e os parâmetros clínicos. CONCLUSÕES: Estes achados demonstram a reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos utilizados nesta amostra de pacientes com câncer de pulmão no Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Ambulatório de OncopneumologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Ambulatório de OncopneumologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MedicinaSciEL

Reliability of the Brazilian version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Lung (FACT‐L) and the FACT‐Lung Symptom Index (FLSI)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the Brazilian version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) with the FACT-Lung Symptom Index (FLSI) questionnaire. INTRODUCTION: The assessment of quality of life in patients with lung cancer has become an important evaluative endpoint in current clinical trials. For lung cancer patients, one of the most common quality of life tools available is the FACT-L. Despite the amount of data available regarding this questionnaire, there are no data on its performance in Brazilian lung cancer patients. METHODS: The FACT-L with the FLSI questionnaire was prospectively administered to 30 consecutive, stable, lung cancer outpatients at baseline and at 2 weeks. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient between test and retest for the FACT-L ranged from 0.79 to 0.96 and for the FLSI was 0.87. There was no correlation between these questionnaire dimensions and clinical or functional parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the FACT-L with FLSI questionnaire is reliable and is quick and simple to apply. This instrument can now be used to properly evaluate the quality of life of Brazilian lung cancer patients

Non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers: a clinical entity to be identified

OBJECTIVES: It has been recognized that patients with non-small cell lung cancer who are lifelong never-smokers constitute a distinct clinical entity. The aim of this study was to assess clinical risk factors for survival among neversmokers with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: All consecutive non-small cell lung cancer patients diagnosed (n = 285) between May 2005 and May 2009 were included. The clinical characteristics of never-smokers and ever-smokers (former and current) were compared using chi-squared or Student's t tests. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank tests were used for survival comparisons. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was evaluated by adjusting for age (continuous variable), gender (female vs. male), smoking status (never- vs. ever-smoker), the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (continuous variable), histological type (adenocarcinoma vs. non-adenocarcinoma), AJCC staging (early vs. advanced staging), and treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy vs. the best treatment support). RESULTS: Of the 285 non-small cell lung cancer patients, 56 patients were never-smokers. Univariate analyses indicated that the never-smoker patients were more likely to be female (68% vs. 32%) and have adenocarcinoma (70% vs. 51%). Overall median survival was 15.7 months (95% CI: 13.2 to 18.2). The never-smoker patients had a better survival rate than their counterpart, the ever-smokers. Never-smoker status, higher Karnofsky Performance Status, early staging, and treatment were independent and favorable prognostic factors for survival after adjusting for age, gender, and adenocarcinoma in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological differences exist between never- and ever-smokers with lung cancer. Overall survival among never-smokers was found to be higher and independent of gender and histological type

Assessment of the quality of life of patients with lung cancer using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life of patients with lung cancer and to compare it with that of individuals without cancer. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to 57 patients diagnosed with lung cancer, treated at the Lung Cancer Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital São Paulo, and to a control group of 57 individuals recruited from the Extra Penha workout group. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups, domain by domain. The first model of logistic regression was adjusted for male gender, nonsurgical treatment, Karnofsky performance status and smoking, which were included as predictors. The second model was adjusted for each SF-36 domain in order to identify increases in the proportions of patients in stage IIIB or IV. RESULTS: The lung cancer group and the control group presented the following mean scores, respectively, for the SF-36 domains: role limitations due to physical health problems, 29.39 ± 36.94 and 82.89 ± 28.80; role limitations due to emotional problems, 42.78 ± 44.78 and 86.55 ± 28.77; physical function, 56.49 ± 28.39 and 89.00 ± 13.80; vitality, 61.61 ± 23.82 and 79.12 ± 17.68; bodily pain, 62.72 ± 28.72 and 81.54 ± 19.07; general health, 62.51 ± 25.57 and 84.47 ± 13.47; emotional well-being, 68.28 ± 23.46 and 82.63 ± 17.44; and social functioning, 72.87 ± 29.20 and 91.67 ± 17.44. The logistic regression model showed that role limitations due to physical health problems, physical function and emotional well-being were predictors of stages IIIB and IV. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with lung cancer had a poorer quality of life, especially regarding physical aspects, than did the control subjects.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de pulmão e compará-la com a qualidade de vida de indivíduos sem câncer. MÉTODOS: O questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) foi aplicado em 57 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de pulmão provenientes do Ambulatório de Oncopneumologia do Hospital São Paulo e em um grupo controle de 57 indivíduos participantes do Grupo de Ginástica Extra Penha. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar cada domínio entre os grupos. O primeiro modelo de regressão logística foi ajustado para sexo masculino, tratamento não cirúrgico, índice de Karnofsky e tabagismo, que foram incluídos como preditores. O segundo modelo foi ajustado para cada domínio do SF-36 para identificar aumento na proporção de estádios IIIB e IV. RESULTADOS: O grupo com câncer de pulmão e o grupo controle apresentaram, respectivamente, as seguintes pontuações médias para os domínios do SF-36: aspectos físicos, 29,39 ± 36,94 e 82,89 ± 28,80; aspectos emocionais, 42,78 ± 44,78 e 86,55 ± 28,77; capacidade funcional, 56,49 ± 28,39 e 89,00 ± 13,80; vitalidade, 61,61 ± 23,82 e 79,12 ± 17,68; dor, 62,72 ± 28,72 e 81,54 ± 19,07; estado geral de saúde, 62,51 ± 25,57 e 84,47 ± 13,47; saúde mental, 68,28 ± 23,46 e 82,63 ± 17,44; e aspectos sociais, 72,87 ± 29,20 e 91,67 ± 17,44. O modelo de regressão logística demonstrou que aspectos físicos, capacidade funcional e saúde mental foram preditores de estádios IIIB e IV. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com câncer de pulmão apresentaram pior qualidade de vida em relação ao grupo controle, principalmente em relação aos aspectos físicos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Centro Universitário São CamiloUNIFESPSciEL

Uso de CPAP para apnéia obstrutiva do sono comparadas ao tratamento conservador / CPAP use for obstructive sleep apnea compared to conservative treatment

Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) tornou-se um grande problema de saúde pública, por ser um distúrbio do sono, que resulta em ronco e riscos nocivos para a saúde. A baixa adesão ao tratamento conservador tem dado espaço para a criação de novos dispositivos. Objetivo: comparar custos, funcionalidade, durabilidade e eficiência de tecnologias assistivas aliadas ao tratamento conservador da AOS. Método: A pesquisa exploratória e descritiva foi realizada nas bases National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e IEEEXplore. Como descritores e palavras-chaves, com o operador booleano “AND” ou “OR”, foram pesquisados os termos “spleep apnea” and “assistive technology” or “self-help devices” or “devices”. Resultados: A pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) representa o método padrão-ouro, porém, possui baixa aceitabilidade pelos pacientes com AOS devido a limitação da funcionalidade. O aparelho de avanço mandibular (MAA) é  reconhecido como uma opção de terapia de primeira linha para a AOS leve a moderada apresentando variedade em relação à custo, benefício e durabilidade. O  uso de terapia oral com aparelho (OAT) a longo prazo foi associado a alterações dentárias. Conclusão: Constatou-se a variedade de dispositivos para AOS, ressaltando a necessidade de avaliação da realidade do paciente, sendo de suma importância avaliar o custo-benefício, os sintomas e principalmente, prestar orientações assertivas para a melhor escolha dos dispositivos, sendo o dispositivo de avanço mandibular (MAD), o que apresentou melhor adesão. Ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos para melhores intervenções, pois protótipos não substituem tratamentos comprovados

Variabilidade genética MTHFR no desenvolvimento da doença arterial coronária

OBJETIVO: Concentração elevada de homocisteína (Hcy) é considerada um fator de risco para doença arterial coronária (DAC). Alterações genéticas da enzima metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR), envolvida no metabolismo da Hcy, podem reduzir sua termolabilidade contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de lesões ateroscleróticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre os polimorfismos MTHFR C677T e A1298C e a presença, extensão e gravidade da DAC. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 175 pacientes com DAC, confirmada por angiografia e 108 indivíduos sem DAC (grupo controle). O polimorfismo MTHFR C677T foi investigado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) seguida de digestão enzimática. A genotipagem do polimorfismo MTHFR A1298C foi realizada pela técnica de PCR alelo-específica. RESULTADOS: A frequência do alelo alterado MTHFR 677C foi de 0,38 no grupo DAC e 0,37 no grupo controle. Em relação ao alelo polimórfico MTHFR 1298C, a frequência foi de 0,22 e 0,27, respectivamente. As distribuições genotípicas MTHFR C677T e A1298C não diferiram em relação ao número de artérias lesadas (P > 0,05). Também não foi observada relação entre o polimorfismo para MTHFR C677T e grau de obstrução arterial coronária (P > 0,05), assim como MTHFR A1298C (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados não demonstraram associação entre os polimorfismos MTHFR A1298C e MTHFR C677T e presença, extensão ou gravidade da DAC.OBJECTIVE: Increased homocysteine (Hcy) concentration is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic alterations of the metylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme could reduce its thermolability and alter the Hcy metabolism, contributing to development of atherosclerotic lesions. Objective of this study was to investigate the relation between MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and presence, extension, and severity of CAD. METHODS: One hundred seventy-five patients with CAD confirmed by angiography, and 108 individuals without CAD (control group) were evaluated. MTHFR C677T polymorphism was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by enzyme digestion. The genotyping of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was performed by PCR allele-specific method. RESULTS: Frequency of the altered allele MTHFR 677C was 0.38 in the CAD group and 0.37 in the control group. Regarding the polymorphic allele MTHFR 1298C, frequency was 0.22 and 0.27, respectively. The genotype distribution MTHFR C677T and A1298C did not differ regarding number of affected vessels (P > 0.05). Also, relation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and degree of arterial obstruction was not observed (P > 0.05), as well as the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results did not show association between MTHFR A1298C and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and presence, extension or severity of CAD

Non-linear analysis of the heart rate variability in characterization of manic and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder

Background: - Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, with a consequent increase in mortality. Recent work highlights the non-linear analysis of ANS function. Our objective was to compare ANS modulation using recurrence plots (RP) and symbolic analysis (SA) in manic and euthymic phases of BD to controls. Methods: - Eighteen male patients (33.1 \ub1 12.0 years) were assessed during mania and at discharge in the euthymic phase compared and to a healthy group matched by age (33.9 \ub1 10.8 years). Electrocardiographic series (1000 RR intervals, at rest, in supine position) were captured using Polar Advantage RS800CX equipment and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was analysed using RP and SA. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey's post-test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 and Cohen's d effect size was also quantified considering d > 0.8 as an important effect. The study was registered into the Clinical Trials Registration (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01272518). Results: Manic group presented significantly higher linearity before treatment (P<0.05) compared to controls considering RP variables. Cohen's d values had a large effect size ranging from 0.888 to 1.227. In the manic phase, SA showed predominance of the sympathetic component (OV%) with reduction of the parasympathetic component (2LV% and 2UV%) with reversion post treatment including higher Shannon Entropy (SE) indicating higher complexity. Limitations: - short follow-up (1 month) and small number of patients. Conclusions: - Non-linear analyzes may be used as supplementary tools for understanding autonomic function in BD during mania and after drug treatment