Sobre a posição da lógica segundo a doutrina-da-ciência de Fichte

This article analyses the relationship between philosophy and logic in Fichte’s On the concept of doctrine-the-science or so-called philosophy (1794). The deduction of the category of reality in his Foundations of the Entire Doctrine of Science (1794/95) will be also examined

Dynamics of Lymphocyte Populations during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: From Thymocyte Depletion to Differential Cell Expansion/Contraction in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs

The comprehension of the immune responses in infectious diseases is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review current findings on the dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations following experimental acute infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. In the thymus, although the negative selection process of the T-cell repertoire remains operational, there is a massive thymocyte depletion and abnormal release of immature CD4+CD8+ cells to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they acquire an activated phenotype similar to activated effector or memory T cells. These cells apparently bypassed the negative selection process, and some of them are potentially autoimmune. In infected animals, an atrophy of mesenteric lymph nodes is also observed, in contrast with the lymphocyte expansion in spleen and subcutaneous lymph nodes, illustrating a complex and organ specific dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations. Accordingly, T- and B-cell activation is seen in subcutaneous lymph nodes and spleen, but not in mesenteric lymph nodes. Lastly, although the function of peripheral CD4+CD8+ T-cell population remains to be defined in vivo, their presence may contribute to the immunopathological events found in both murine and human Chagas disease

Initial viral inoculum determines kinapse-and synapse-like t cell motility in reactive lymph nodes

T cell activation in lymphoid tissue occurs through interactions with cognate peptide- major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). Intravital imaging studies using ex vivo peptide-pulsed DCs have uncovered that cognate pMHC levels imprint a wide range of dynamic contacts between these two cell types. T cell—DC interactions vary between transient, “kinapse-like” contacts at low to moderate pMHC levels to immediate “synapse-like” arrest at DCs displaying high pMHC levels. To date, it remains unclear whether this pattern is recapitulated when the immune system faces a replicative agent, such as a virus, at low and high inoculum. Here, we locally administered low and high inoculum of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice to follow activation parameters of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) during the first 72 h post infection. We correlated these data with kinapse- and synapse-like motility patterns of Ag-specific T cells obtained by intravital imaging of draining LNs. Our data show that initial viral inoculum controls immediate synapse-like T cell arrest vs. continuous kinapse-like motility. This remains the case when the viral inoculum and thus the inflammatory microenvironment in draining LNs remains identical but cognate pMHC levels vary. Our data imply that the Ag-processing capacity of draining LNs is equipped to rapidly present high levels of cognate pMHC when antigenic material is abundant. Our findings further suggest that widespread T cell arrest during the first 72 h of an antimicrobial immune responses is not required to trigger proliferation. In sum, T cells adapt their scanning behavior according to available antigen levels during viral infections, with dynamic changes in motility occurring before detectable expression of early activation markers

CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Leucaena leucocephala INOCULADA COM Bradyrhizobium E FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO

A resposta de plantas à inoculação com espécies recomendadas de rizóbio e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) pode ser influenciada pela adaptabilidade desses microrganismos às condições de solo regionais, assim como pela sua capacidade de competir com os microrganismos nativos. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de Bradyrhizobium (BR 814) e FMAs (Glomus clarum e Gigaspora margarita) em promover o crescimento de mudas de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) cultivadas em Neossolo Litólico, não esterilizado, proveniente do Assentamento Olho D’Água do Félix, município de Caruaru, Semiárido de Pernambuco. Aos 150 dias os resultados não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com e sem inoculação, indicando que os microrganismos testados não foram eficientes na promoção do crescimento de leucena sob as condições de solo locais

CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Leucaena leucocephala INOCULADA COM Bradyrhizobium E FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO

A resposta de plantas à inoculação com espécies recomendadas de rizóbio e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) pode ser influenciada pela adaptabilidade desses microrganismos às condições de solo regionais, assim como pela sua capacidade de competir com os microrganismos nativos. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de Bradyrhizobium (BR 814) e FMAs (Glomus clarum e Gigaspora margarita) em promover o crescimento de mudas de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) cultivadas em Neossolo Litólico, não esterilizado, proveniente do Assentamento Olho D’Água do Félix, município de Caruaru, Semiárido de Pernambuco. Aos 150 dias os resultados não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com e sem inoculação, indicando que os microrganismos testados não foram eficientes na promoção do crescimento de leucena sob as condições de solo locais.

Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 critically supports CD8+ TRM cell-mediated intestinal immunity.

Members of the Regulator of G-protein signaling (Rgs) family regulate the extent and timing of G protein signaling by increasing the GTPase activity of Gα protein subunits. The Rgs family member Rgs1 is one of the most up-regulated genes in tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells when compared to their circulating T cell counterparts. Functionally, Rgs1 preferentially deactivates Gαq, and Gαi protein subunits and can therefore also attenuate chemokine receptor-mediated immune cell trafficking. The impact of Rgs1 expression on tissue-resident T cell generation, their maintenance, and the immunosurveillance of barrier tissues, however, is only incompletely understood. Here we report that Rgs1 expression is readily induced in naïve OT-I T cells in vivo following intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA. In bone marrow chimeras, Rgs1 -/- and Rgs1 +/+ T cells were generally present in comparable frequencies in distinct T cell subsets of the intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. After intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA, however, OT-I Rgs1 +/+ T cells outnumbered the co-transferred OT-I Rgs1- /- T cells in the small intestinal mucosa already early after infection. The underrepresentation of the OT-I Rgs1 -/- T cells persisted to become even more pronounced during the memory phase (d30 post-infection). Remarkably, upon intestinal reinfection, mice with intestinal OT-I Rgs1 +/+ TRM cells were able to prevent the systemic dissemination of the pathogen more efficiently than those with OT-I Rgs1 -/- TRM cells. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet, these data thus identify Rgs1 as a critical regulator for the generation and maintenance of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells as a prerequisite for efficient local immunosurveillance in barrier tissues in case of reinfections with potential pathogens

CONDIÇÃO BUCAL DE PUÉRPERAS ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA, BRASIL

A gestação é um período marcado por modificações que podem refletir em alterações na cavidade bucal. Objetivo: descrever a condição bucal de puérperas examinadas no Hospital da Mulher em Feira de Santana, no período de 2010 a 2012. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo dacondição bucal de puérperas utilizando o banco de dados do projeto “Geravida” desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa, Prática Integrada e Investigação Multidisciplinar (NUPPIIM). A condição bucal das puérperas foi avaliada por meio de exame bucal para o diagnóstico de cárie e de doenças periodontais. Foramobtidas informações sobre as características sociodemográficas, saúde, estilo de vida e cuidado com a saúde bucal por meio de entrevista. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis, obtendo-se a frequência simples para os dados dicotômicos e medidas de tendência central e dispersão para os dadosintervalares. Resultados: A população de estudo foi constituída por 372 puérperas com média de idade de 23,87± 6,67 anos, 71,97% não teve acesso a consulta com um cirurgião dentista durante a gestação e apenas 18,33% receberam orientação do dentista sobre saúde bucal, somente 1,35% das puérperas não realizaram pré-natal. A média do CPOD encontrada foi de 5,70± 5,14, com mediana de 5,00 [IQ:1,00-9,00]. Quanto à condição periodontal, das 371 examinadas (um dado perdido), 9,16% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para periodontite; dentre as 337 sem periodontite, 9,79% tiveram diagnóstico positivo para gengivite. Conclusão: as puérperas estão saudáveis, com baixoíndice de CPOD e doenças periodontais. Contudo é necessária uma maior divulgação sobre o pré-natal odontológico

Locating Zika

The emergence of Zika virus challenged conventional ideas of mosquito-borne diseases, tested the resilience of health systems and embedded itself within local sociocultural worlds, with major implications for environmental, sexual, reproductive and paediatric health. This book explores this complex viral epidemic and situates it within its broader social, epidemiological and historical context in Latin America and the Caribbean. The chapters include a diverse set of case studies from scholars and health practitioners working across the region, from Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, Colombia, the United States and Haiti. The book explores how mosquito-borne disease epidemics (not only Zika but also chikungunya, dengue and malaria) intersect with social change and health governance. By doing so, the authors reflect on the ways in which situated knowledge and social science approaches can contribute to more effective health

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio