Rheological behaviour of fruit and milk-based smoothies

Two of the most important food attributes for today´s fast-moving lifestyle are convenience and healthiness [1-2]. Fast-moving lifestyle specifically affects to elderly people, who are prone to bad-nutrition due to their dental status reducing the consumption of fruits and vegetables [3]. Smoothies are blended beverages, and good examples of convenient and healthy foods for helping to reduce this problem. So, they are gaining increasing market leverage in the beverage sector. Texture and rheological behaviour of foods can determine their acceptability. Therefore, added to nutritious features, smoothies must also account with outstanding mechanical properties. Stability of the products is also a main quality, which can be gained adding a small amount of stabiliser to beverage formulations. But, to avoid opposite effects, stabilisers addition should ameliorate the product texture.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Islanding Detection in Microgrids Using Harmonic Signatures

Islanding Detection in Microgrids Using Harmonic Signature

Event experience : a consumer’s point of view during the Covid-19 pandemic

Social distancing measures and restrictions set by the Covid-19 Pandemic influenced how brands interact with their consumers and how consumers experience brands. The present study addresses the influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic in event marketing, specifically in online events. Due to social isolation during the Covid-19 Pandemic, marketing events were transferred from a face-to-face format, to an online or hybrid format. To understand how this change affected consumer brand experience, a mixed methods approach was implemented. This methodological approach was chosen because marketing events comprise two perspectives: the consumer’s perspective and the brand’s perspective. To gather the consumer’s point of view, 100 surveys were conducted among individuals who attended events during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The quantitative approach served to characterize the events attended during the Covid-19 Pandemic and to assess five dimensions of consumer experience, respectively the affective, physical, cognitive, novelty and social dimensions. The survey analysis showed that consumers felt less stimulated during online events versus face-to-face events in all experience’s dimensions. Regarding the qualitative approach, three in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to a creative director, a brand manager, and an event organizer to understand the brand’s point of view. The results of the qualitative approach showed that it was a challenge to maintain consumers’ engagement during online events held during the Covid-19 Pandemic, and that consumers are demanding brands to hold face-to-face events or hybrid events instead of online events. Besides, in-depth interviews helped to develop a set of guidelines that contribute to enhance consumer experience in events. The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data revealed that brands had to adapt to the changes set by the Covid-19 Pandemic on a fast pace, mostly through trial and error. As for consumers, they felt that their experience was negative in online events versus face-to-face events they attended in the past. In special, the social dimension of event experience was affected when attending online events

Control Room Requirements for Voltage Control in Future Power Systems

In future power grids, a large integration of renewable energy sources is foreseen, which will impose serious technical challenges to system operators. To mitigate some of the problems that renewable energy sources may bring, new voltage and frequency control strategies must be developed. Given the expected evolution of technologies and information systems, these new strategies will benefit from increasing system observability and resources controllability, enabling a more efficient grid operation. The ELECTRA IRP project addressed the new challenges that future power systems will face and developed new grid management and control functionalities to overcome the identified problems. This work, implemented in the framework of ELECTRA, presents an innovative functionality for the control room of the cell operator and its application in assistance with the voltage control designed for the Web-of-Cells. The voltage control method developed uses a proactive mode to calculate the set-points to be sent to the flexible resources, each minute, for a following 15-min period. This way, the voltage control method developed is able to mitigate voltage problems that may occur, while, at the same time, contributes to reduce the energy losses. To enable a straightforward utilization of this functionality, a user interface was created for system operators so they can observe the network state and control resources in a forthright manner accordingly.The work presented in this paper was funded by the ELECTRA IRP project (Seventh Framework Programme FP7 2007/2013) under grant agreement No. 609687

Using mobility information to perform a feasibility study and the evaluation of spatio-temporal energy demanded by an electric taxi fleet

Half of the global population already lives in urban areas, facing to the problem of air pollution mainly caused by the transportation system. The recently worsening of urban air quality has a direct impact on the human health. Replacing today’s internal combustion engine vehicles with electric ones in public fleets could provide a deep impact on the air quality in the cities. In this paper, real mobility information is used as decision support for the taxi fleet manager to promote the adoption of electric taxi cabs in the city of San Francisco, USA. Firstly, mobility characteristics and energy requirements of a single taxi are analyzed. Then, the results are generalized to all vehicles from the taxi fleet. An electrificability rate of the taxi fleet is generated, providing information about the number of current trips that could be performed by electric taxis without modifying the current driver mobility patterns. The analysis results reveal that 75.2% of the current taxis could be replaced by electric vehicles, considering a current standard battery capacity (24–30 kWh). This value can increase significantly (to 100%), taking into account the evolution of the price and capacity of the batteries installed in the last models of electric vehicles that are coming to the market. The economic analysis shows that the purchasing costs of an electric taxi are bigger than conventional one. However, fuel, maintenance and repair costs are much lower. Using the expected energy consumption information evaluated in this study, the total spatio-temporal demand of electric energy required to recharge the electric fleet is also calculated, allowing identifying optimal location of charging infrastructure based on realistic routing patterns. This information could also be used by the distribution system operator to identify possible reinforcement actions in the electric grid in order to promote introducing electric vehicles

Strategy of management of storage systems integrated with photovoltaic systems for mitigating the impact on LV distribution network

This article presents an integrated storage management strategy with photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, to provide voltage regulation and losses reduction in the low voltage feeder, minimising the power supplied by the network upstream of the main transformer. A new control algorithm for battery energy storage systems (BESS) is presented embedding as a battery management algorithm for charging and discharging process. The charging of the storage system is defined by the optimization of the αk coefficient to establish the value of charging threshold power, in a distributed manner, to maximise the use of photovoltaic systems. The discharging process occurs by a given σ coefficient. A standard network model from CIGRE was used for the validation of the management strategy. It was modified with real profiles of load and irradiance with a minute resolution to adapt it to the using of the quasi-static load flow in MATLAB/Simulink. As a result, by integrating 67% of PV along with 442 kWh of BESS with its management algorithm, power import from the grid decreases up to 49.3%.The authors would like to thank the University of the BasqueCountry and TECNALIA for supporting the work done at the Universityof the Basque Country under research grant by the Carolina Foundation

Electrorheological behaviour of flour/olive oil dough

• Changes in flow properties upon the application of an electrical field can be evaluated using of electrorheological techniques. • The fact that it had shown successful to reduce the fat content [1] has aimed us to explore potential benefits resulting from the wide use of this technique in food science. • It was claimed long time ago that the integration of this technique in food processing should translate into the development of new products [2]. • A study on the influence of the solid content and temperature on the steady viscous flow electrorheological behavior of wheat flour/olive oil dough has been made. • The overall conclusion is that this system is electrorheological positive, i.e. the yield stress increases with the electric field.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Algorithm development for night charging electric vehicles optimization in big data applications

In this paper a night charging method that optimizes the recharging process of electric vehicles (EVs) depending on hourly energy price in a peer to peer (P2P) energy trading system is presented. This algorithm determines how much energy should be recharged in the battery of each EV and the corresponding time slot to do it, avoiding the discontinuities in the charging process and considering the users’ personal mobility constraints

VALIDACIÓN DE NUEVOS ESQUEMAS DE COORDINACIÓN TSO/DSO PARA FAVORECER LA INTEGRACIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN EL SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO EN EL HORIZONTE 2030+ - EL PROYECTO SMARTNET

El proyecto SmartNet se enmarca dentro del programa H2020 de la Comisión Europea. Con una duración de tres años y 22 socios entre Industria, Centros de Investigación y Universidades, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo e implementación de soluciones novedosas que permitan incrementar la proporción de energías renovables en el sistema eléctrico en el horizonte 2030+. Para ello, se han definido cinco esquemas de coordinación TSO/DSO orientados a definir la solución óptima para la provisión de servicios auxiliares desde las redes de distribución al sistema de transporte, así como los mecanismos de intercambio de información necesarios. Estos esquemas de coordinación se van a simular y, finalmente validar en tres pilotos en Italia, Dinamarca y España.European Commission's H202

La igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres desde la teoría constitucional

El de igualdad ha sido un concepto muy elaborado por la doctrina, pero continúa resultando interesante profundizar en su conceptuación jurídica y, de modo simultáneo, distinguirlo de otros conceptos que han dado lugar a mucha confusión y que, en especial tratándose de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, en ocasiones no han contribuido al avance de la igualdad. Sobre todo, existe una confusión notable entre los conceptos de igualdad e identidad. La igualdad formal ha demostrado su incapacidad para solucionar los valores del Estado social y su estricta aplicación puede llegar incluso a desvirtuar los postulados del mismo; la eliminación de la discriminación va a ser, por consiguiente, el elemento que interactúe entre la voluntad del legislador y el operador jurídico para conseguir la igualdad real. El reconocimiento de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, y la dificultad para implantar la igualdad real, ha sido el motivo fundamental para adoptar las políticas de igualdad, como instrumentos ordenados a eliminar los obstáculos que impiden que las mujeres y los hombres ejerzan su derechos y libertades en condiciones de igualdad. Una de las políticas de igualdad que se ha desarrollado en los últimos años son las acciones positivas, que ha tenido una contestación por algunos sectores que entienden que estas políticas perjudican a los hombres. Se trata de medidas específicas de intervención que actúan sobre las barreras sociales que dificultan la igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres. Su objetivo es equilibrar y compensar las diferencias sociales que produce la discriminación social que puedan sufrir uno u otro sexo, generalmente las mujeres. A pesar de que exista un cierto consenso en relación a la necesidad de adoptar medidas para conseguir la igualdad real entre mujeres y hombres, existe también una cierta indefinición legal respecto a la concreción de las acciones positivas y una controversia doctrinal en torno a su legitimación, que no facilita la puesta en marcha de acciones que contribuyan a la eliminación de la discriminación por razón de sexo.Equality is a concept that jurisprudence has elaborated on significantly. However, it is still relevant to delve into its legal conceptualisation and, simultaneously, to tell it apart from other concepts giving rise to a number of confusing scenarios where, despite the general aim of achieving equality between women and men, little advance has been attained. Notably, there is remarkable confusion among the concepts of equality and identity. Formal equality has proved its inability to address the values of the social State. Indeed, its strict application may even distort the principles it puts forward. The elimination of discrimination, then, becomes the element interacting between the will of the legislator and the legal agents in order to achieve real equality. The recognition of equality between men and women, together with the difficulties of implementing such real equality, have been the main reason to adopt equality policies, that is, tools aiming at the elimination of the obstacles that prevent women and men from exercising their fundamental rights and freedoms equally. One of those equality policies applied during the last years is the so-called positive actions, which have been contested by a number of sectors under the premise that they are harmful for men. These policies stand as specific intervention measures on the different social barriers hindering equal opportunities for men and women. Their aim is to compensate the social differences emerging from social discrimination that either sex may experience, remarkably women. Despite the generally broad consensus on the necessity to adopt measures in order to achieve equality between women and men, a general lack of legal definition regarding the characterisation of positive actions together with an academic controversy on its very legitimation seem to undermine the implementation of those actions contributing to the elimination of gender discrimination.La elaboración de este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación más amplio, financiado por un convenio de colaboración entre el Instituto de la Mujer y la Universidad Jaume I de Castellón, dirigido a elaborar una herramienta de consulta legal on line con la normativa internacional, europea, estatal y autonó- mica en materia de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres