Companion biota associated with Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka; Myrtaceae) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand

Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka; Myrtaceae) is involved in three crucial ecological interactions that might affect nectar production, and the New Zealand honey industry. First, these plants can be affected by scale insect infestation which have the potential to affect plant health, second, they provide nectar for honey bees (mānuka honey), and third, they are hosts for, and may receive benefits from, dual mycorrhizal fungal associations (both ecto- and endo-). The understanding of these interactions is very important for the honey industry as well as for New Zealand ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge about the influence of scale insects and mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and nectar production, and the influence of honey bee visitation on the honey making-process. To better understand the significance of these interactions, a variety of methods, including behavioural observations, histological, molecular, and taxonomic techniques, were used in this thesis. Findings showed that the eriococcids Acanthococcus campbelli and Acanthococcus leptospermi are now the main species on L. scoparium, rather than Acanthococcus orariensis, which was the main causative agent of the mānuka blight in the 1940’s and 1960’s. Whereas the distribution of A. leptospermi was previously reported, the distribution of A. campbelli across New Zealand’s islands was illustrated for the first time in this thesis. Other scale insect species classified within the families Coelostomidiidae, Diaspididae, and Pseudococcidae were also found, but their incidence and abundance was typically lower in comparison to the family Eriococcidae. The number of eriococcids was reduced by the application of an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) on six different cultivars in a split plot designed experiment, but cultivars differed in response to the insecticide treatment. Using the same common garden design, but just the unsprayed plants, honey bees showed a preference for the cultivar with the highest nectar sugar content and nectar DHA content. However, sugar, rather than DHA, was the best predictor of visitation pattern. The number of honey bee visits increased at midday as the day warmed up. The overall number of flowers estimated per plant was included in the model, but did not drive the visit number as, for example, it was found that the cultivar with the highest estimated number of flowers was less visited. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the association of L. scoparium with at least 25 fungal classes, including 16 ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal lineages and eight arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) families. The majority of mycorrhizal fungal lineages were shared among cultivated and wild plants at the three studied sites, which suggests that cultivated plants are naturally colonised by mycorrhizal fungi. The EcM fungal lineages /cortinarius, /laccaria, /tomentella-thelephora, and the AM families Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae were the most abundant. Among the EcM fungal species, Laccaria glabripes and the endemic EcM fungal species Clavulina subrugosa, Cortinarius waiporianus and Dermocybe indotata were revealed as the most abundant. The presence of the exotic EcM fungal species Amanita muscaria was limited and mainly found in cultivated plants, that had established on a site previously with Pinus radiata. The cosmopolitan AM fungal species Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus lamellosum were the dominant species found in both cultivated and wild plants. Among cultivated and wild plants, wild plants appeared to be colonised by a more diverse mycorrhizal fungal community. For instance, the lineage /russula-lactarius was more abundant in wild plants than in cultivated plants. The presence of /russula-lactarius and other lineages and species could be improving host performance (seed establishment, drought tolerance, pathogen resistance, and plant growth) on wild plants. However, the absence of some of the mycorrhizal fungal species from cultivated plants, which could be present on wild plants, could limit the potential yield of L. scoparium plantation. Finding suitable combinations of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum could help optimise the development of L. scoparium, nectar production, and subsequently the New Zealand mānuka honey industry

Violencia de género en adolescentes. Actitudes de rol de género y su relación con el maltrato

La violencia de género es un problema de salud pública prioritario además de una violación de los derechos humanos. Es un problema que afecta a todos los ámbitos de la salud pero una de las áreas de mayor implicación es la atención primaria. Actualmente es una de las causas principales de lesiones y discapacidad, afectando tanto a la salud física y mental como a la reproductiva y sexual. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de la violencia de género en los adolescentes y su relación con el sexismo, las actitudes de rol de género y su distribución demográfica, así como valorar la necesidad de incluir su cribado en la cartera de servicios del adolescente de manera específica en Atención Primaria. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal por conglomerados, realizado en el Centro de Salud Circunvalación de Valladolid. Los participantes fueron la población adolescente (entre 14 y 19 años) de los Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria Leopoldo Cano, Diego de Praves y Galileo. Las mediciones principales han sido género, edad, nivel de estudios, situación económica, situación laboral, etnia, escala de actitudes de rol de género (EARG) y cribado de maltrato.Grado en Medicin

Decolonizing the Clock: Non-Western Time Constructs in Central American Art and Literature

Given how entrenched Western systems of time have become in our quotidian lives, it has become increasingly important to broaden our perspective of what time is and can be. This year-long project will explore the intersection of time -- from both a textual and a technical perspective -- in Central American literature and art, focusing specifically on non-Western ontological perspectives and Indigenous and Black voices. My project will demonstrate how Central American voices have worked to question and decolonize the dominant Western narrative of time, and -- by bridging forms of often competing epistemes -- my project would consider these perspectives from outside of the once mutually exclusive categories of the humanities and the sciences. Central America itself is also my primary focus because it, too, is an othered voice within Latin America. In this sense, much of this work takes place within \u27the liminal of the liminal\u27, a space-time that deserves amplification. I hope that my work will show others how to better learn from the past and from the future, but most importantly, from non-Western voices. By questioning the linear conception of time we often think of as absolute, my project has the overall goal of decolonizing and decentralizing a Western single story

Submerged Perspectives\u27: Ecocriticism in Central America

In her anthology Poéticas de la destrucción / Poéticas de la preservación, Gisella Heffes defines the term \u27ecocriticism\u27 as a land centered practice from which literary and cultural studies can be researched, analyzed, and explored, specifically through environmental and critical lenses. Using her three subsequent classifications as a launching point, my research was organized into six distinct categories: colonialism, extractivism, the Panama Canal, deforestation, conservation, and post-apocalypse and analyzed how humans, but more specifically, foreign polities, have impacted the Central American landscape. In this interdisciplinary exploration -- consisting of comparative explorations of written texts, visual arts, film, and other media -- I have explored alternatives to Western and colonial views of the environment. These alternatives typically come in the form of what Gómes-Barris calls \u27submerged perspectives\u27: ways of viewing that challenge coloniality and offer a new way of approaching environmental concerns. I have thus focused on how Indigenous and other underrepresented groups have been able to resist ecological destruction through these submerged perspectives; these and other decolonial epistemes that function outside of the colonial framework ultimately have the potential to shift Western hegemony over the natural world

Fungal inoculation effect on post-harvest sugarcane residue decomposition under field conditions

Fungal inoculation effect on post-harvest sugarcane residue (SCR) decomposition in field conditions was studied. In vitro interaction between selected fungi was determined by direct confrontation. Mycelial growth response to different concentrations of herbicides and urea was also assessed. Fungal combinations did not show inhibitory effects. Bjerkandera sp. Y-HHM2 and Myrothecium sp. S-3.20 growth decreased in 2.4-D agar plates. However, Pleurotus sp. Y- RN3 showed a stimulation in 10 ppm 2.4-D agar plates. The biggest growth in ametrine supplemented cultures was observed in Pleurotus sp. Y-RN3. Evaluation of increasing urea concentrations on mycelial growth showed that 5,000 ppm significantly inhibits mycelial growth. The field assay under rainfed condition showed that post-harvest SCR decomposition rate significantly increases in Y-HHM2, Y-RN3 and Y-HHM2/Y-RN3/S-3.20 treatments. This is the first report on the capability of Bjerkandera sp. Y-HHM2 and Pleurotus sp. Y-RN3 to accelerate post-harvest SCR decomposition in rainfed conditions at field scale, suggesting that these fungi might be useful tools in the sugarcane crop system.Fil: Maza, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Sanidad Vegetal. Cátedra Fitopatología; ArgentinaFil: Medina, M.. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Plasencia, Adriana María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Amoroso, Maria Julia del R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Yasem, Marta Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Sanidad Vegetal. Cátedra Fitopatología; Argentin

Los poderes de oficio en la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los poderes de los órganos judiciales del orden contencioso-administrativo dentro del procedimiento que se sigue para decidir el correspondiente recurso, como excepción al carácter rogado. Para dicho análisis, se parte del fundamento constitucional de esta jurisdicción y de su configuración en la legislación vigente, la Ley 29/1998 de la Jurisdicción Contencioso Administrativa. En particular, se analizan estos poderes a lo largo del proceso: en la fase probatoria, antes de dictar sentencia, a la hora de dictar sentencia, con ocasión de la tutela cautelar, en el allanamiento y en el desistimiento, y finalmente en la mediación. Asimismo, se observará su incidencia en los procedimientos especiales, que se regulan en la citada Ley Jurisdiccional.Grado en Derech

Retrato de resistencias en una fotografía de Augusto C. Sandino

Augusto C. Sandin

Inclusión en el aula de música : un estudio desde la perspectiva de docentes de música de Escuelas de Educación Artística del Uruguay

A partir dos acordos internacionais da UNESCO sobre inclusão educacional e da Lei Geral de Educação do Uruguai - Lei nº 18.437 -, se estabelece o objetivo de alcançar a integração de crianças com deficiência em salas de aula comuns, garantindo o apoio necessário do Estado para uma inclusão significativa. Nesse contexto, educadores/as musicais de todo o país que trabalham na educação primária têm se deparado com turmas com alunos/as de inclusão. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como professores/as de música das Escolas de Educação Artística do Uruguai vivenciam a inclusão em sala de aula. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso a partir de entrevistas com professores/as da capital e do interior do país, que possibilitaram ter uma visão global, a partir da qual se analisou o que esses/as professores/as de música entendem por inclusão, qual é a sua percepção sobre as aulas de música inclusivas e quais são as dificuldades e desafios que enfrentam em sala de aula. Embora se destaque a falta de formação específica e de ferramentas para a educação musical inclusiva, percebe-se, nas falas dos/as entrevistados/as, uma crença genuína na necessidade de tornar essa inclusão significativa e real, crença que é acompanhada por uma forte percepção de abandono por parte das autoridades. Fica evidente a necessidade de dar visibilidade ao tema e colocá-lo no centro de debates, discussões e estudos futuros.A partir de los acuerdos internacionales de la UNESCO sobre inclusión educativa y la Ley de Educación General de Uruguay – Ley N° 18.437 –, se apunta a la integración de los niños con discapacidad en las aulas comunes, otorgando el sostén necesario desde el Estado para una inclusión significativa. En este contexto, educadores musicales de todo el país que trabajan en educación primaria se han enfrentado a grupos con inclusión. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo docentes de música de las Escuelas de Educación Artística de Uruguay viven la inclusión en el aula. Para ello se realizó un estudio de caso a partir de entrevistas a docentes de la capital y del interior del país, que permitieron tener una visión global a partir del cuál se analizó qué entienden quienes ejercen la docencia de música por inclusión, cuál es la percepción de los mismos frente a las clases de música con inclusión y cuáles son algunas de las dificultades y desafíos que enfrentan en el aula. Si bien se destaca la falta de formación específica y herramientas para la educación musical inclusiva, a partir de las palabras a quienes se entrevistó se ve una creencia genuina de la necesidad de hacer esa inclusión significativa y real, acompañada por una fuerte percepción de abandono de parte de las autoridades. Queda en evidencia la necesidad de visibilizar el tema y poder ponerlo sobre la mesa para debates, discusiones y futuros estudios.Based on the international agreements of UNESCO on educational inclusion and the General Education Law of Uruguay – Law No. 18.437 –, there is a goal of achieving the integration of children with disabilities in common classrooms, granting the necessary support from the State for a meaningful inclusion. In this context, music educators from all over the country who work in primary education have faced groups with inclusion. This work aims to understand how music teachers of the Schools of Artistic Education in Uruguay experience inclusion in the classroom. A case study was carried out, based on interviews with teachers from the capital of the country and the countryside; this resulted in a global vision to base an analysis of what music teachers understand by inclusion, what is their perception facing inclusive music classes, and what are some of the difficulties and challenges they face in the classroom. Although the lack of specific training and tools for inclusive music education stands out, it can be seen, from the words of those who were interviewed, a genuine belief in the need to make this inclusion meaningful and real, accompanied by a strong perception of abandonment by the authorities. The need to make the issue visible and put it on the table for debates, discussions and future studies is evident

OpenTwins: An open-source framework for the development of next-gen compositional digital twins

Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

UML models interoperability between graphical and textual modeling tools

A la hora de diseñar modelos software se puede optar por utilizar herramientas de notación gráfica o de notación textual. La preferencia entre ellas es uno de los grandes debates dentro de la Ingeniería del Software Dirigida por Modelos, en la que se enmarca este proyecto, pero, a pesar de que ambas presentan sus claros beneficios, la interoperabilidad existente entre ellas es casi inexistente. El objetivo de este proyecto es la creación de una herramienta que cambie eso. Esta se centrará, en primera instancia, en las herramientas MagicDraw y USE, aunque utilizando un formato pivote que permita su ampliación a otros lenguajes. Para su desarrollo se ha aplicado una metodología de trabajo iterativa incremental con la que, finalmente, se ha logrado una herramienta que permite transformar desde clases simples hasta máquinas de estados, utilizando como formato pivote Eclipse UML2 XMI, que es la adaptación al plugin de Eclipse del estándar XMI. Asimismo, el programa es capaz de corregir errores de equivalencia, normalmente provocados por la incompletud del modelo por parte del usuario. Todo esto se ha implementado usando Xtext, donde se ha descrito la gramática de USE, y los plugins de Eclipse UML2 y EMF, que han permitido obtener la información procedente de los archivos pivote. Además, se ha desarrollado un algoritmo de equivalencia de modelos, específico para los requisitos de esta aplicación, que permite la automatización de pruebas unitarias