Kinetics of immune responses elicited after three mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses in predominantly antibody-deficient individuals

Mass vaccination campaigns reduced COVID-19 incidence and severity. Here, we evaluated the immune responses developed in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients with predominantly antibody-deficiencies (PAD) after three mRNA-1273 vaccine doses. PAD patients were classified based on their immunodeficiency: unclassified primary antibody-deficiency (unPAD, n = 9), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, n = 12), combined immunodeficiency (CID, n = 1), and thymoma with immunodeficiency (TID, n = 1). unPAD patients and healthy controls (HCs, n = 10) developed similar vaccine-induced humoral responses after two doses. However, CVID patients showed reduced binding and neutralizing titers compared to HCs. Of interest, these PAD groups showed lower levels of Spike-specific IFN-γ-producing cells. CVID individuals also presented diminished CD8+T cells. CID and TID patients developed cellular but not humoral responses. Although the third vaccine dose boosted humoral responses in most PAD patients, it had limited effect on expanding cellular immunity. Vaccine-induced immune responses in PAD individuals are heterogeneous, and should be immunomonitored to define a personalized therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis is characterized by acute decompensation (AD), organ failure(s), and high short‐term mortality. Recently, we have proposed (systemic inflammation [SI] hypothesis) that ACLF is the expression of an acute exacerbation of the SI already present in decompensated cirrhosis. This study was aimed at testing this hypothesis and included 522 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (237 with ACLF) and 40 healthy subjects. SI was assessed by measuring 29 cytokines and the redox state of circulating albumin (HNA2), a marker of systemic oxidative stress. Systemic circulatory dysfunction (SCD) was estimated by plasma renin (PRC) and copeptin (PCC) concentrations. Measurements were performed at enrollment (baseline) in all patients and sequentially during hospitalization in 255. The main findings of this study were: (1) Patients with AD without ACLF showed very high baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, HNA2, PRC, and PCC. Patients with ACLF showed significantly higher levels of these markers than those without ACLF; (2) different cytokine profiles were identified according to the type of ACLF precipitating event (active alcoholism/acute alcoholic hepatitis, bacterial infection, and others); (3) severity of SI and frequency and severity of ACLF at enrollment were strongly associated. The course of SI and the course of ACLF (improvement, no change, or worsening) during hospitalization and short‐term mortality were also strongly associated; and (4) the strength of association of ACLF with SI was higher than with SCD. Conclusion: These data support SI as the primary driver of ACLF in cirrhosis

Cerámica tardorromana y altomedieval en la província de Barcelona. : Siglos VII-X

El panorama de estas producciones en la provincia de Barcelona dista de ser completo. Sin embargo, las excavaciones de los últimos decenios, tanto en la capital como en núcleos rurales -Sant Vicenç de Rus, Vilaclara, Sant Mena, la Solana- han permitido empezar a elaborar un catálogo de hallazgos bien fechados que, con el tiempo, permitirán establecer tipologías fiables. Por ahora, queda claro que la relativa homogeneidad y buena factura de las producciones autóctonas de los siglos VII al IX queda truncada en el siglo X, al hacer su aparición lo que conocemos como cerámica gris medieval, cuya evolución se extenderá hasta el siglo XI

Cerámica tardorromana y altomedieval en la província de Barcelona. : Siglos VII-X

El panorama de estas producciones en la provincia de Barcelona dista de ser completo. Sin embargo, las excavaciones de los últimos decenios, tanto en la capital como en núcleos rurales -Sant Vicenç de Rus, Vilaclara, Sant Mena, la Solana- han permitido empezar a elaborar un catálogo de hallazgos bien fechados que, con el tiempo, permitirán establecer tipologías fiables. Por ahora, queda claro que la relativa homogeneidad y buena factura de las producciones autóctonas de los siglos VII al IX queda truncada en el siglo X, al hacer su aparición lo que conocemos como cerámica gris medieval, cuya evolución se extenderá hasta el siglo XI

La correcta utilización del material en viviendas del barrio Villa Alba construidas con mínimos recursos : Extensión Universitaria en el marco del Desarrollo Curricular

La propuesta plantea desarrollar acciones que permitan evaluar y proponer soluciones constructivas destinadas al mejoramiento hidrotérmico de viviendas en el Barrio de Villa Alba de la ciudad de La Plata. Esta tarea permitirá aprovechar la capacidad cognitiva de cada una de las cátedras intervinientes, incorporando en la actividad la problemática planteada por miembros de la comunidad en sectores vulnerados. Expuestas las deficiencias térmicas, se propone desarrollar un rediseño de la cáscara viabilizando la utilización de materiales en desuso y evaluar posteriormente los alcances de la mejora. Las propuestas de máximo rendimiento se especificarán y modelizarán en escala 1:1, verificando técnicamente su posible ejecución por parte de los destinatarios en una actividad conjunta de Comunidad+Universidad.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Inflammatory macrophages reprogram to immunosuppression by reducing mitochondrial translation

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Dr. F. Sanchez-Madrid (Hospital Princesa and CNIC, Madrid, Spain), Dr. D. Cebrian (CNIC, Madrid, Spain), and Dr. A. Valledor (University of Barcelona, Spain) for helpful insights on early versions of the manuscript. We thank Dr. C. Stephan-Otto Attolini (BIST-IRB, Barcelona, Spain) and Dr. J. Rios (IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) for their expert guidance on the statistical analyses of the data in the study. We also thank Dr. L. Ribas de Pouplana (BIST-IRB, Barcelona, Spain) for advice on mitochondrial translation experiments. We acknowledge technical assistance by staff in the Flow Cytometry Unit at IDIBAPS, the Molecular Interactions Services Unit at the Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and the Transmission Electron Microscopy Unit at the University of Barcelona School of Medicine. We also thank A Téllez (Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain) for his help in collecting samples from septic patients, and Dr. MJ Fernández-Aceñero (Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain) for help in collecting skin samples from healthy controls, psoriatic patients, and melanoma patients. We are also thankful to Dr. DC Dean (University of Louisville, KY, USA) for his generous gift of an anti-ZEB1 polyclonal antibody. We thank Dr. A. Garcia for the artistic drawing of schematics in the article. IDIBAPS is partly funded by the CERCA Programme of Generalitat de Catalunya. The study was conducted at IDIBAPS’ Centre de Recerca Biomèdica Cellex building, which was partly funded by the Cellex Foundation. The different parts of this study were independently funded by grants to AP from the Leo Foundation (LF-OC-19-000166), the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) (2017-SGR-1174 and 2021-SGR-01328), and the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (PID2020-116338RB-I00) as part of MICINN’s National Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2021-2023 Plan, which is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union Commission. AB is a recipient of a PhD scholarship from AGAUR (FI Program, 2021 FI_B 00514).Funder: Government of Catalonia | Agència de Gestió d&apos;Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants)AbstractAcute inflammation can either resolve through immunosuppression or persist, leading to chronic inflammation. These transitions are driven by distinct molecular and metabolic reprogramming of immune cells. The anti-diabetic drug Metformin inhibits acute and chronic inflammation through mechanisms still not fully understood. Here, we report that the anti-inflammatory and reactive-oxygen-species-inhibiting effects of Metformin depend on the expression of the plasticity factor ZEB1 in macrophages. Using mice lacking Zeb1 in their myeloid cells and human patient samples, we show that ZEB1 plays a dual role, being essential in both initiating and resolving inflammation by inducing macrophages to transition into an immunosuppressed state. ZEB1 mediates these diverging effects in inflammation and immunosuppression by modulating mitochondrial content through activation of autophagy and inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation. During the transition from inflammation to immunosuppression, Metformin mimics the metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells induced by ZEB1. Mechanistically, in immunosuppression, ZEB1 inhibits amino acid uptake, leading to downregulation of mTORC1 signalling and a decrease in mitochondrial translation in macrophages. These results identify ZEB1 as a driver of myeloid cell metabolic plasticity, suggesting that targeting its expression and function could serve as a strategy to modulate dysregulated inflammation and immunosuppression.</jats:p

Inflammatory macrophages reprogram to immunosuppression by reducing mitochondrial translation

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Dr. F. Sanchez-Madrid (Hospital Princesa and CNIC, Madrid, Spain), Dr. D. Cebrian (CNIC, Madrid, Spain), and Dr. A. Valledor (University of Barcelona, Spain) for helpful insights on early versions of the manuscript. We thank Dr. C. Stephan-Otto Attolini (BIST-IRB, Barcelona, Spain) and Dr. J. Rios (IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) for their expert guidance on the statistical analyses of the data in the study. We also thank Dr. L. Ribas de Pouplana (BIST-IRB, Barcelona, Spain) for advice on mitochondrial translation experiments. We acknowledge technical assistance by staff in the Flow Cytometry Unit at IDIBAPS, the Molecular Interactions Services Unit at the Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and the Transmission Electron Microscopy Unit at the University of Barcelona School of Medicine. We also thank A Téllez (Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain) for his help in collecting samples from septic patients, and Dr. MJ Fernández-Aceñero (Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain) for help in collecting skin samples from healthy controls, psoriatic patients, and melanoma patients. We are also thankful to Dr. DC Dean (University of Louisville, KY, USA) for his generous gift of an anti-ZEB1 polyclonal antibody. We thank Dr. A. Garcia for the artistic drawing of schematics in the article. IDIBAPS is partly funded by the CERCA Programme of Generalitat de Catalunya. The study was conducted at IDIBAPS’ Centre de Recerca Biomèdica Cellex building, which was partly funded by the Cellex Foundation. The different parts of this study were independently funded by grants to AP from the Leo Foundation (LF-OC-19-000166), the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) (2017-SGR-1174 and 2021-SGR-01328), and the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (PID2020-116338RB-I00) as part of MICINN’s National Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2021-2023 Plan, which is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union Commission. AB is a recipient of a PhD scholarship from AGAUR (FI Program, 2021 FI_B 00514).Funder: Government of Catalonia | Agència de Gestió d&apos;Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants)Acute inflammation can either resolve through immunosuppression or persist, leading to chronic inflammation. These transitions are driven by distinct molecular and metabolic reprogramming of immune cells. The anti-diabetic drug Metformin inhibits acute and chronic inflammation through mechanisms still not fully understood. Here, we report that the anti-inflammatory and reactive-oxygen-species-inhibiting effects of Metformin depend on the expression of the plasticity factor ZEB1 in macrophages. Using mice lacking Zeb1 in their myeloid cells and human patient samples, we show that ZEB1 plays a dual role, being essential in both initiating and resolving inflammation by inducing macrophages to transition into an immunosuppressed state. ZEB1 mediates these diverging effects in inflammation and immunosuppression by modulating mitochondrial content through activation of autophagy and inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation. During the transition from inflammation to immunosuppression, Metformin mimics the metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells induced by ZEB1. Mechanistically, in immunosuppression, ZEB1 inhibits amino acid uptake, leading to downregulation of mTORC1 signalling and a decrease in mitochondrial translation in macrophages. These results identify ZEB1 as a driver of myeloid cell metabolic plasticity, suggesting that targeting its expression and function could serve as a strategy to modulate dysregulated inflammation and immunosuppression

Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis is characterized by acute decompensation (AD), organ failure(s), and high short‐term mortality. Recently, we have proposed (systemic inflammation [SI] hypothesis) that ACLF is the expression of an acute exacerbation of the SI already present in decompensated cirrhosis. This study was aimed at testing this hypothesis and included 522 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (237 with ACLF) and 40 healthy subjects. SI was assessed by measuring 29 cytokines and the redox state of circulating albumin (HNA2), a marker of systemic oxidative stress. Systemic circulatory dysfunction (SCD) was estimated by plasma renin (PRC) and copeptin (PCC) concentrations. Measurements were performed at enrollment (baseline) in all patients and sequentially during hospitalization in 255. The main findings of this study were: (1) Patients with AD without ACLF showed very high baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, HNA2, PRC, and PCC. Patients with ACLF showed significantly higher levels of these markers than those without ACLF; (2) different cytokine profiles were identified according to the type of ACLF precipitating event (active alcoholism/acute alcoholic hepatitis, bacterial infection, and others); (3) severity of SI and frequency and severity of ACLF at enrollment were strongly associated. The course of SI and the course of ACLF (improvement, no change, or worsening) during hospitalization and short‐term mortality were also strongly associated; and (4) the strength of association of ACLF with SI was higher than with SCD. Conclusion: These data support SI as the primary driver of ACLF in cirrhosis

Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis is characterized by acute decompensation (AD), organ failure(s), and high short‐term mortality. Recently, we have proposed (systemic inflammation [SI] hypothesis) that ACLF is the expression of an acute exacerbation of the SI already present in decompensated cirrhosis. This study was aimed at testing this hypothesis and included 522 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (237 with ACLF) and 40 healthy subjects. SI was assessed by measuring 29 cytokines and the redox state of circulating albumin (HNA2), a marker of systemic oxidative stress. Systemic circulatory dysfunction (SCD) was estimated by plasma renin (PRC) and copeptin (PCC) concentrations. Measurements were performed at enrollment (baseline) in all patients and sequentially during hospitalization in 255. The main findings of this study were: (1) Patients with AD without ACLF showed very high baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, HNA2, PRC, and PCC. Patients with ACLF showed significantly higher levels of these markers than those without ACLF; (2) different cytokine profiles were identified according to the type of ACLF precipitating event (active alcoholism/acute alcoholic hepatitis, bacterial infection, and others); (3) severity of SI and frequency and severity of ACLF at enrollment were strongly associated. The course of SI and the course of ACLF (improvement, no change, or worsening) during hospitalization and short‐term mortality were also strongly associated; and (4) the strength of association of ACLF with SI was higher than with SCD. Conclusion: These data support SI as the primary driver of ACLF in cirrhosis