28 research outputs found
Risk of suicide in households threatened with eviction: the role of banks and social support
Background: One of the greatest effects of the financial crisis in Spain has been the enormous increase in the
number of evictions. Several studies have shown the association of evictions with different aspects of the physical
and mental health. Furthermore, evictions have been associated with an increased risk of suicide. Our objective was
to evaluate the risk of suicide among victims of eviction and investigate whether it is associated with specific
characteristics of households and interviewees, the eviction process and social support, and health needs. Results: Almost half of the sample (46.7%) were at low (11.8%), moderate (16.9%), or high suicide risk (17.9%).
Household and interviewee features had a limited association with suicide risk. On the contrary, the risk of suicide
is greater with a longer exposure to the eviction process. In addition, threatening phone calls from banks increased
significantly the risk of suicide, especially among men. Suicide risk was also associated with low social support,
especially among women. Interviewees at risk of suicide received more help from nongovernmental organizations
than those who were not at risk. In interviewees at risk, the main unmet needs were emotional and psychological
help, especially in men. A high percentage of those at risk of suicide declare having large unmeet health needs.
Finally, there was a tendency among the evicted at risk of suicide to visit emergency room and primary care more
often than those not at risk, especially among women.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that when banks adopt a threatening attitude,
suicide risk increases among the evicted. As hypothesized, when the evicted felt socially supported, suicide risk
decreased. Emotional help was the main mediator of suicide risk and the main unmet need, especially among me
The impact of international health worker migration and recruitment on health systems in source countries: Stakeholder perspectives from Colombia, Indonesia, and Jordan.
INTRODUCTION: To address domestic shortages, high-income countries are increasingly recruiting health workers from low- and middle-income countries. This practice is much debated. Proponents underline benefits of return migration and remittances. Critics point in particular to the risk of brain drain. Empirical evidence supporting either position is yet rare. This study contributes to filling this gap in knowledge by reporting high-level stakeholders' perspectives on health system impacts of international migration in general, and active recruitment of health workers in specific, in Colombia, Indonesia, and Jordan. METHOD: We used a multiple case study methodology, based on qualitative methods integrated with information available in the published literature. RESULTS: All respondents decried a lack of robust and detailed data as a serious challenge in ascertaining their perspectives on impacts of health worker migration. Stakeholders described current emigration levels as not substantially aggravating existing health workforce availability challenges. This is due to the fact that all three countries are faced with health worker unemployment grounded in unwillingness to work in rural areas and/or overproduction of certain cadres. Respondents, however, pleaded against targeting very experienced and specialised individuals. While observing little harm of health worker migration at present, stakeholders also noted few benefits such as brain gain, describing how various barriers to skill enhancement, return, and reintegration into the health system hamper in practice what may be possible in theory. CONCLUSION: Improved availability of data on health worker migration, including their potential return and reintegration into their country of origin's health system, is urgently necessary to understand and continuously monitor costs and benefits in dynamic national and international health labour markets. Our results imply that potential benefits of migration do not come into being automatically, but need in-country supportive policy and programming, such as favourable reintegration policies or programs targeting engagement of the diaspora
Influence of individual characteristics and working conditions in the level of injury accident at work by registered in Andalusia, Spain, in 2003
Background. The study of the severity of occupational
injuries is very important for the establishment of prevention
plans. The aim of this paper is to analyze the distribution of
occupational injuries by a) individual factors b) work place
characteristics and c) working conditions and to analyze the
severity of occupational injuries by this characteristics in men
and women in Andalusia.
Methods. Injury data came from the accident registry of
the Ministry of Labor and Social Issues in 2003. Dependent
variable: the severity of the injury: slight, serious, very serious
and fatal; the independent variables: the characteristics of the
worker, company data, and the accident itself. Bivariate and
multivariate analysis were done to estimate the probability of
serious, very serious and fatal injury, related to other variables,
through odds ratio (OR), and using a 95% confidence interval
(CI 95%).
Results. The 82,4% of the records were men and 17,6%
were women, of whom the 78,1% are unskilled manual
workers, compared to 44,9% of men. The men belonging to
class I have a higher probability of more severe lesions (OR =
1,67, 95% CI = 1,17 – 2,38).
Conclusions. The severity of the injury is associated with
sex, age and type of injury. In men it is also related with the
professional situation, the place where the accident happened,
an unusual job, the size and the characteristics of the company
and the social class, and in women with the sectorYesFundamento. El estudio de la gravedad de las lesiones por
accidente de trabajo es clave para el establecimiento de planes
de prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la distribución
de las lesiones registradas por accidente de trabajo con
baja según: a) las características del trabajador/ora; b) las del
centro de trabajo y; c) las condiciones de empleo y del puesto
de trabajo; y analizar la gravedad de las lesiones registradas
según estas características en hombres y mujeres en Andalucía.
Métodos. Se utilizaron los datos del registro de lesiones
por accidente de trabajo con incapacidad laboral durante 2003
en Andalucía. Variable dependiente: grado real de la lesión;
variables independientes: las características del/a trabajador/a,
de la empresa y las del propio accidente. Se realizó un análisis
bivariante y multivariante para estimar la probabilidad de
lesión grave, muy grave o mortal asociada al resto de variables
mediante la razón de odds (OR) y su intervalo de confianza.
Resultados. El 82,4% de las lesiones se produjeron en hombres
y el 17,6% en mujeres, de las cuales el 78,1% eran trabajadoras
manuales no cualificadas, frente al 44,9% de los hombres.
En hombres de clase I se encontró una probabilidad mayor de
presentar lesiones más graves (OR = 1,67; IC 95% = 1,17-2,38).
Conclusiones. La gravedad de las lesiones se relaciona con
el sexo, la edad y el tipo de lesión. En los hombres también se
asocia con la situación profesional, la clase social, el lugar del
accidente, la plantilla del centro y el realizar un trabajo que no
es el suyo y en las mujeres con el sector de actividad
Nursing care for the adult diabetic experiencing hypoglycemia: an integrative review
Introducción: La hipoglucemia es la complicación más frecuente del tratamiento con insulina en adultos. Los eventos de hipoglucemia severa se asocian con complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo en pacientes con diabetes ellmitus. Una de las estrategias para reducir la frecuencia de hipoglucemia son las intervenciones de enfermería y aunque hay pocos estudios que las enuncian de manera explícita, se ha publicado respecto a las necesidades de dichos pacientes, que permiten determinar características definitorias de diagnósticos enfermeros y a partir de ellos establecer metas e intervenciones enfermeras, para el cuidado de dichos pacientes. Objetivo: identificar los cuidados de enfermería para prevenir y controlar los eventos de hipoglucemia en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus. Metodología: revisión integrativa, se realizó en seis fases: planteamiento de la pregunta PICO; búsqueda en bases de datos y metabuscadores; lectura crítica; análisis, clasificación, validación por nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación, y presentación de la información. Resultados: la revisión reportó cinco categorías: factores de riesgo y protectores, miedo a la hipoglucemia, atención brindada al paciente, disminución de la hipoglucemia y descripción del impacto de la hipoglucemia en los pacientes. Conclusiones: a partir de las necesidades reportadas en las 5 categorías de los resultados se determinaron características definitorias y factores relacionados que permitieron formular diagnósticos de enfermería y determinar como principales intervenciones: enseñanza del proceso de enfermedad, medicamentos prescritos, entrenamiento de asertividad, manejo de la hipoglicemia, nutricional y de la medicación, mejorar el afrontamiento, enseñanza individual, facilitar el aprendizaje y potenciación de la disposición de aprendizaje
Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Abstract Introduction: The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was developed to measure nine cognitive strategies referring to what someone thinks after the experience of threatening or stressful events. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Brazilian version of the CERQ. Methods: The adaptation process included translation, backtranslation, expert committee evaluation, and test on 30 participants from the target population. A sample of 445 university students completed the Portuguese version of the CERQ, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) on an on-line research platform. Validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis of two models - a nine-factor model and a second-order model. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach's alpha analysis and correlations with affective variables measured by the PANAS. Results: The analyses showed that the nine-factor model of the CERQ has good factorial validity and high reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging between 0.71 and 0.88. The second-order model did not have a good fit to the data. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are similar to the ones found previously, indicating that the Brazilian version of the CERQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive emotion regulation strategies, but that grouping them according to their adaptability is not recommended
Introducción al estudio del biodeterioro de la resina de acetato de polivinilo Mowilith 50 usando la espectroscopia FTIR y la pirolisis-cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas
Evaluation of the alteration produced by microbiological attack on the poly(vinyl) acetate (PVA) resin Mowilith 50 has been carried out using FTIR spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The latter proposed method includes the on-line derivatization of vinyl resins using hexamethyldisilazane during pyrolysis. Specimens consisting of thin films formed on glass slides from drying of an acetone solution of this PVA resin have been used. Analyses performed on the specimens on which different genera of bacteria and fungi were inoculated and allowed to grow, indicate that attack of microorganisms promotes the formation of acidic compounds. IR bands ascribed to carboxylic acids appearing in samples from inoculated specimens as well as an increase in the content of ethanoic acid detected by Py-GC/MS from specimens inoculated with fungi suggest that the effects of metabolic processes in these microorganisms are more significant than those of bacteria.La evaluación de la alteración producida por el ataque microbiológico en la resina de acetato de polivinilo (PVA) Mowilith 50 ha sido llevada a cabo usando un espectroscopio (FTIR) y Cromatografía de gases y pirólisis/espectrometría de masas (Py-GC/MS). El último método propuesto incluye la derivatización en linea de las resinas de vinilo usando hexametil-disilazano durante la pirólisis. Se han utilizado muestras consistentes en películas delgadas formadas sobre láminas de vidrio procedentes del secado de una solución de acetona de esta resina de acetato de polivinilo. Los análisis realizados sobre las muestras en los cuales fueron inoculados y guiados para crecer diferentes géneros de bacteria y hongo, indican que el ataque de microorganismos promueve la formación de componentes ácidos. Las bandas infrarrojas atribuidas a los ácidos carboxílicos que aparecen en las muestras de las probetas inoculadas así como el incremento del contenido de ácido etanoico detectado por Py-GC/MS de las probetas inoculadas con hongos sugiere que los efectos de los procesos metabólicos en estos microorganismos son mas significativos que los correspondientes a bacterias.Domenech Carbo, MT.; Bitossi, G.; Osete Cortina, L.; Yusa Marco, DJ.; Bolivar Galiano, F.; López Miras, MDM.; Fernández Vivas, MA.... (2007). Introduction to the study on the biodeterioration of the poly(vinyl) acetate resin mowilith 50 using ftir spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arché. (2):109-114. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32240109114
The PACARDO research project: Youthful drug involvement in Central America and the Dominican Republic
Objective. To estimate the occurrence and school-level clustering of drug involvement among school-attending adolescent youths in each of seven countries in Latin America, drawing upon evidence from the PACARDO research project, a multinational collaborative epidemiological research study. Methods. During 1999-2000, anonymous self-administered questionnaires on drug involvement and related behaviors were administered to a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample that included a total of 12 797 students in the following seven countries: Costa Rica (n = 1 702), the Dominican Republic (n = 2 023), El Salvador (n = 1 628), Guatemala (n = 2 530), Honduras (n = 1 752), Nicaragua (n = 1 419), and Panama (n = 1 743). (The PACARDO name concatenates PA for Panamá, CA for Centroamérica, and RDO for República Dominicana). Estimates for exposure opportunity and actual use of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine (crack/coca paste), amphetamines and methamphetamines, tranquilizer
Bottom-Up Policy Risk Assessment
Otorepec P, Martin-Olmedo P, Bolivar J, et al. Bottom-Up Policy Risk Assessment. In: Guliš G, Mekel O, Ádám B, Cori L, eds. Assessment of Population Health Risks of Policies. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2014: 131-198.The top-down risk assessment that fits the classical HIA method and its application on policy was in depth presented in the previous chapter. Many public health experts find large policies difficult to assess as for their impact on health. People knowing health outcome and its societal burden well may find it easier to find proper policies starting from the bottom line—from health outcome. The use of complex causal process diagrams for analyzing health impacts of policy interventions was already described. The RAPID guidance based on bottom-up approach might be helpful to act more efficiently in reducing prevalence of health outcomes by identification and selection of proper policies for structural intervention. The health outcome was taken as a starting point and assessment through levels of risk factors and determinants of health lead to identification of policies needed to reduce burden of health outcome.
The present chapter illustrates through eight case studies conducted in seven different countries a bottom-up policy risk assessment model aiming to describe casual pathways upstream, from a single health outcome (effect) up through risk factors and health determinants leading to a list of policies. The purpose of this approach is to emphasize that results in health outcomes are related to many different policies at the same time, bringing up the need to adopt proactive inter-sectoral negotiations and putting health in the agenda of non-health sectors. Special interest was put on identifying the type of information needed for the description of the full-chain, possible discrepancies in defining health outcomes, risk factors or health determinants, the availability of data, the designation of possible scenarios related to political options, and the characterization of uncertainties