La relación genética entre Canarias y el “enclave continental Macaronésico” vista a través de la diversidad de las especies de Androcymbium

Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Programa de Cooperación Transnacional Madeira-Azores-Canarias (PCT-MAC 2007/2013) dentro del proyecto ENCLAVES (MAC/3/C141

IUCN Red list assessment of the Cape Verde endemic flora: towards a global strategy for plant conservation in Macaronesia

info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Molecular taxonomy of Dunaliella (Chlorophyceae), with a special focus on D. salina: ITS2 sequences revisited with an extensive geographical sampling

We used an ITS2 primary and secondary structure and Compensatory Base Changes (CBCs) analyses on new French and Spanish Dunallela salina strains to investigate their phylogenetic position and taxonomic status within the genus Dunaliella. Our analyses show a great diversity within D. salina (with only some clades not statistically supported) and reveal considerable genetic diversity and structure within Dunaliella, although the CBC analysis did not bolster the existence of different biological groups within this taxon. The ITS2 sequences of the new Spanish and French D. salina strains were very similar except for two of them: ITC5105 "Janubio" from Spain and ITC5119 from France. Although the Spanish one had a unique ITS2 sequence profile and the phylogenetic tree indicates that this strain can represent a new species, this hypothesis was not confirmed by CBCs, and clarification of its taxonomic status requires further investigation with new data. Overall, the use of CBCs to define species boundaries within Dunaliella was not conclusive in some cases, and the ITS2 region does not contain a geographical signal overall

Fostering Conservation via an Integrated Use of Conventional Approaches and High-Throughput SPET Genotyping: A Case Study Using the Endangered Canarian EndemicsSolanum lidiiandS. vespertilio (Solanaceae)

[EN] Islands provide unique opportunities to integrated research approaches to study evolution and conservation because boundaries are circumscribed, geological ages are often precise, and many taxa are greatly imperiled. We combined morphological and hybridization studies with high-throughput genotyping platforms to streamline relationships in the endangered monophyletic and highly diverse lineage ofSolanumin the Canarian archipelago, where three endemic taxa are currently recognized. Inter-taxa hybridizations were performed, and morphological expression was assessed with a common-garden approach. Using the eggplant Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) platform with 5,093 probes, 74 individuals of three endemic taxa (Solanum lidii,S. vespertiliosubsp.vespertilio, andS. vespertiliosubsp.doramae) were sampled for SNPs. While morphological and breeding studies showed clear distinctions and some continuous variation, inter-taxon hybrids were fertile and heterotic for vigor traits. SPET genotyping revealed 1,421 high-quality SNPs and supported four, not three, distinct taxonomic entities associated with post-emergence geological, ecological and geographic factors of the islands. Given the lack of barriers to hybridization among all the taxa and their molecular differences, great care must be taken in population management. Conservation strategies must take account of the sexual and breeding systems and genotypic distribution among populations to successfully conserve and restore threatened/endangered island taxa, as exemplified bySolanumon the Canary Islands.This work was supported by funds from project DEMIURGO to the Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" -Unidad Asociada al CSIC of the Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Consumables and genotyping were funded by the Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" -Unidad Asociada al CSIC. Participation of authors from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia has been partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Grant Agreement No. 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes, and phenotypes of solanaceous crops). PG was grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for their respective Postdoctoral Grants [PAID-10-18 and FY2019-P19105 JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan (Standard)].Gramazio, P.; Jaén-Molina, R.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Marrero, Á.; Caujapé-Castells, J.; Anderson, GJ. (2020). Fostering Conservation via an Integrated Use of Conventional Approaches and High-Throughput SPET Genotyping: A Case Study Using the Endangered Canarian EndemicsSolanum lidiiandS. vespertilio (Solanaceae). Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00757S11711Ablay, G., & Hürlimann, M. (2000). 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Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal, 17(1), 10. doi:10.14806/ej.17.1.200MOYA, Ó., CONTRERAS-DÍAZ, H. G., OROMÍ, P., & JUAN, C. (2004). Genetic structure, phylogeography and demography of two ground-beetle species endemic to the Tenerife laurel forest (Canary Islands). Molecular Ecology, 13(10), 3153-3167. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02316.xNeal, P. R., & Anderson, G. J. (2005). Are ?mating systems? ?breeding systems? of inconsistent and confusing terminology in plant reproductive biology? or is it the other way around? Plant Systematics and Evolution, 250(3-4), 173-185. doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0229-9Nei, M. (1972). Genetic Distance between Populations. The American Naturalist, 106(949), 283-292. doi:10.1086/282771Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations. 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The Colonization History of Juniperus brevifolia (Cupressaceae) in the Azores Islands

Background A central aim of island biogeography is to understand the colonization history of insular species using current distributions, fossil records and genetic diversity. Here, we analyze five plastid DNA regions of the endangered Juniperus brevifolia, which is endemic to the Azores archipelago. Methodology/Principal Findings The phylogeny of the section Juniperus and the phylogeographic analyses of J. brevifolia based on the coalescence theory of allele (plastid) diversity suggest that: (1) a single introduction event likely occurred from Europe; (2) genetic diversification and inter-island dispersal postdated the emergence of the oldest island (Santa Maria, 8.12 Ma); (3) the genetic differentiation found in populations on the islands with higher age and smaller distance to the continent is significantly higher than that on the younger, more remote ones; (4) the high number of haplotypes observed (16), and the widespread distribution of the most frequent and ancestral ones across the archipelago, are indicating early diversification, demographic expansion, and recurrent dispersal. In contrast, restriction of six of the seven derived haplotypes to single islands is construed as reflecting significant isolation time prior to colonization. Conclusions/Significance Our phylogeographic reconstruction points to the sequence of island emergence as the key factor to explain the distribution of plastid DNA variation. The reproductive traits of this juniper species (anemophily, ornithochory, multi-seeded cones), together with its broad ecological range, appear to be largely responsible for recurrent inter-island colonization of ancestral haplotypes. In contrast, certain delay in colonization of new haplotypes may reflect intraspecific habitat competition on islands where this juniper was already present.B. Rumeu and J.L. Blanco-Pastor were funded by a Spanish National Research Council grant µ(CSIC: JAE-PRE; http://www.csic.es/web/guest/programa-ja​e). This contribution is framed within the projects CGL2010-18759 and PI2007/053 and financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (http://www.micinn.es), and the Canary Island Government (http://www.gobcan.es), respectively, both of which were partially funded by the European Union. The Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (http://www.mma.es/secciones/el_ministeri​o/organismos/oapn/) also financed part of this work (project 051/2010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Multiplexed-shotgun-genotyping data resolve phylogeny within a very recently derived insular lineage

Premise of the study: Endemic plants on oceanic islands have long served as model systems for studying patterns and processes of evolution. However, phylogenetic studies of island plants frequently illustrate a decoupling of molecular divergence and ecological/morphological diversity, resulting in phylogenies lacking the resolution required to interpret patterns of evolution in a phylogenetic context. The current study uses the primarily Macaronesian fl owering plant genus Tolpis to illustrate the utility of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) for resolving relationships at relatively deep (among archipelagos) and very shallow (within archipelagos) nodes in this small, yet diverse insular plant lineage that had not been resolved with other molecular markers. • Methods: Genomic libraries for 27 accessions of Macaronesian Tolpis were generated for genotyping individuals using MSG, a form of reduced-representation sequencing, similar to restriction-site-associated DNA markers (RADseq). The resulting data fi les were processed using the program pyRAD, which clusters MSG loci within and between samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the aligned data matrix were conducted using RAxML. • Key results: Analysis of MSG data recovered a highly resolved phylogeny with generally strong support, including the fi rst robust inference of relationships within the highly diverse Canary Island clade of Tolpis . • Conclusions: The current study illustrates the utility of MSG data for resolving relationships in lineages that have undergone recent, rapid diversifi cation resulting in extensive ecological and morphological diversity. We suggest that a similar approach may prove generally useful for other rapid plant radiations where resolving phylogeny has been diffi cult.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio