Una sutil línea fronteriza entre lo ficcional y lo meramente real en la literatura de Hugo Salcedo

_¿En qué medida un texto literario puede referir el contexto en que se inscribe la realidad social?, ¿cuál es el discurso social que una obra literaria lleva implícito? y ¿en qué medida sirve la realidad social como materia prima para la construcción de una obra literaria? A partir de estas preguntas se aborda la ficcionalidad en las obras de Hugo Salcedo El viaje de los cantores, Invierno y La ley del ranchero, con el propósito de revelar el panorama latente que hay en ellas en tanto que son representativas de un texto verdadero llamado migración

El proyecto LINK de modelización económica international

El objetivo básico del presente articulo es el de presentar los rasgos básicos del Proyecto LINK de modelización económica internacional, como una de las experiencias más significativas en el ámbito de la integración de modelos y el planteamiento de soluciones globales de predicción para el conjunto de la economía mundial. Tras una primera introducción general a la trayectoria del proyecto desde sus inicios e principios de los setenta, se presenta la estructura general del modelo y, posteriormente, una descripción de la metodología de trabajo en red con la que opera actualmente el proyecto, para finalizar con un apartado donde se recogen las principales aportaciones del proyecto a la comunidad científica. _______________________________________The aim of this article to present the basic features of the LINK Project for international econometric modelling, as one of the most relevant experiences in the scope of the econometric model integration and global analysis and forecasting of the world economy. After one first general introduction to the trajectory of the project from its beginnings at the early seventies, the general structure of the model is presented, followed by a description of the link network methodology, that is actually in use. Finally, a last section is included to highlights the main contributions that the project offers to the scientific community

Los detectives salvajes and the decline of the Avant-Gardes

Este artículo estudia cómo Bolaño asoció en esta novela la poesía mexicana de las vanguardias históricas del 20, con las neovanguardias de los 60 y los 70 en México. La obsesión de los personajes de esta novela con la poesía se vuelve la razón última de su búsqueda, que es también la búsqueda por el alma de la poesía como modo último de trascendencia en el mundo de la literatura.This article studies how Bolaño related in this novel the poetry of the Mexican Avant-Garde of the 20’s with the neo Avant-Garde of the 60’s and 70’s in Mexico. The obsession of the characters with poetry, which becomes the last reason for their search, is also a search for the soul of poetry as last bastion of transcendence in the world of literature.Fil: Pérez, Alberto Julián. Texas Tech Universit

Mariátegui, Vallejo y la literatura peruana

Para enriquecer y superar la comprensión eurocéntrica histórica del fenómeno americano es preciso indagar en la reflexión que sobre éste realizan los propios pensadores de América. En este ocasión, nuestra particular elección ha recaído en José Carlos Mariátegui (1895-1930) y su obra Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (1928). Si bien su pensamiento fue poco formal, estuvo enriquecido por intuiciones y observaciones que aún esperan su oportunidad de tener un papel activo en la interpretación de nuestra cultura. Este trabajo se centra en la visión de la literatura peruana a partir de los aportes desde variadas perspectivas que realiza Mariátegui. Si bien parte de un método interpretativo relativamente rígido -materialista, economicista, historicista, lógico-dialéctico-, su obra tiene toda la amplitud crítica y la profundidad existencial que le da su posición privilegiada de observador y partícipe de los procesos políticos y sociales de la vida peruana. En sus comentarios sobre la literatura peruana, Mariátegui destaca el papel de Cesar Vallejo quien, nacido y criado en la sierra peruana, es el primer poeta capaz de representar a la nación con sus dos mundos: el mundo indio y el mundo mestizo. De esta manera, el pensamiento de Mariátegui nos ayuda a entender el carácter de la literatura peruana desde una novedosa y diferente perspectiva.To enrich and overcome the Eurocentric historical understanding of the American phenomenon, it is necessary to question about the reflection upon this experience realized by thinkers of America themselves. On this occasion, our particular choice has fallen on Jose Carlos Mariategui (1895-1930) and his work Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (1928). While his thinking was little formal, it was enriched by intuitions and observations that are still waiting their chance to take an active role in the understanding of our culture. This work focuses on the vision of the Peruvian literature from the inputs from various perspectives designed by Mariategui. Though the author starts from an interpretative method relatively rigid-materialist, economicist, historicist, logico-dialectical, his work provides a wide criticism and an existential depth that give him a privileged position as an observer and participant in political and social processes of Peruvian life. In its comments on the Peruvian literature, Mariategui emphasizes the role of Cesar Vallejo, who was born and raised in the mountains of Peru, and is the first poet capable of representing the nation with its two worlds: the Indian world Indian and the mestizo world. Thus, the thought of Mariategui helps us to understand the nature of the Peruvian literature from a new and different perspective.Fil: Pérez, Alberto Julián. Texas Tech Universit

Jorge Luis Borges : el oficio del lector

Fil: Pérez, Alberto Julián. Texas Tech Universit

Temperature effects on firms’ electricity demand: an analysis of sectorial differences in Spain

Global warming, intermittent production, and efficient use of energy require adequate demand response policies. The price inelasticity of electricity demand represents the main obstacle for developing adequate measures. A potential source of demand inelasticity is the temperature effect ‐ the reaction of electricity demand to variations in temperature. Studies using aggregate data show that temperature‐driven electricity demand is growing in most countries. Using disaggregated data by sectors, we analyze the sectorial breakdown of temperature effects on firms’ electricity demand. In‐depth knowledge of sectorial demand responses to temperature changes is fundamental for improved energy planning. If electricity consumption in a sector heavily reacts to temperature, “flattening” electricity demand will eventually become infeasible. Our findings indicate that in Spain firms’ aggregate electricity demand is rather insensitive to temperature. However, there are marked differences among sectors, with the highest sensitivity found for firms in the service sector

Integrating long-term economic scenarios into peak load forecasting: An application to Spain

The treatment of trend components in electricity demand is critical for long-term peak load forecasting. When forecasting high frequency variables, like daily or hourly loads, a typical problem is how to make long-term scenarios - regarding demographics, GDP growth, etc. - compatible with short-term projections. Traditional procedures that apply de-trending methods are unable to simulate forecasts under alternative long-term scenarios. On the other hand, existing models that allow for changes in long-term trends tend to be characterized by end-of-year discontinuities. In this paper a novel forecasting procedure is presented that improves upon these approaches and is able to combine long and short-term features by employing temporal disaggregation techniques. This method is applied to forecast electricity load for Spain and its performance is compared to that of a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with exogenous inputs. Our proposed procedure is flexible enough to be applied to different scenarios based on alternative assumptions regarding both long-term trends as well as short-term projection

Measuring aggregate electricity savings from the diffusion of more efficient lighting technologies

Increasing concerns about sustainability and energy conservation, coupled with the proliferation of incentives in the EU to achieve energy savings, suggest that significant improvements in energy efficiency should be realized. A policy measure that should have a direct impact on energy savings is the replacement of incandescent and halogen light bulbs by more efficient lighting technologies, which was implemented in 2009. Due to the lack of detailed data, it is not feasible to measure the effect of energy-efficient improvements on electricity consumption at the aggregate level using a bottom-up approach. To overcome this limitation, this paper analyzes hourly electricity demand in a very specific period of the day: the transition from day to night. In this short period, it is plausible that lighting is the main driver of changes in electricity demand, thus making it possible to estimate the increase in electricity consumption when lights are switched on and to analyze the effects of higher energy efficiency in lighting, if any. The results of the analysis for Spain show that during the periods 2009–2011 and 2015–2016, an estimated energy savings of 251 GWh can be attributed to a reduction in the magnitude of the lighting effect, which accounts for 20.3% of the observed decrease in electricity consumption during these two period

Time of day effects of temperature and daylight on short term electricity load

This paper proposes a model for short-term electricity load with differentiated temperature and daylight effects by time of day, which are determined by variations in intraday economic activity. The relationship between electricity load and economic activity implies that the electricity demand response to changes in exogenous variables like temperature is non-linear as well as non-homogeneous along the day. The proposed framework, a smooth transition regression model with double threshold (LSTR2), models the observed intraday patterns in load curves to explicitly capture the effect of the circadian rest-activity cycle on the distinct responses of electricity demand to temperature and daylight variations throughout the day. The model shows that the sensitivity of demand to low temperatures is significantly larger in the “active” compared to the “rest” state. If temperatures decrease from 10 °C to 0 °C, electricity demand in the “active” state increases by 960.5 MW h per 1 °C decrease, but by only 26.6 MW h per 1 °C decrease in the “rest” state. When temperatures are higher, in the “rest state” demand decreases by 602.9 MW h per 1 °C if temperature falls from 26 °C to 21 °C, while in the “active” state demand only decreases by 323.6 MW h per 1 °C variatio