A Review of Artificial Intelligence in the Internet of Things

Humankind has the ability of learning new things automatically due to the capacities with which we were born. We simply need to have experiences, read, study… live. For these processes, we are capable of acquiring new abilities or modifying those we already have. Another ability we possess is the faculty of thinking, imagine, create our own ideas, and dream. Nevertheless, what occurs when we extrapolate this to machines? Machines can learn. We can teach them. In the last years, considerable advances have been done and we have seen cars that can recognise pedestrians or other cars, systems that distinguish animals, and even, how some artificial intelligences have been able to dream, paint, and compose music by themselves. Despite this, the doubt is the following: Can machines think? Or, in other words, could a machine which is talking to a person and is situated in another room make them believe they are talking with another human? This is a doubt that has been present since Alan Mathison Turing contemplated it and it has not been resolved yet. In this article, we will show the beginnings of what is known as Artificial Intelligence and some branches of it such as Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Fuzzy Logic, and Natural Language Processing. We will talk about each of them, their concepts, how they work, and the related work on the Internet of Things fields

BILROST: Handling Actuators of the Internet of Things through Tweets on Twitter using a Domain- Specific Language

In recent years, many investigations have appeared that combine the Internet of Things and Social Networks. Some of them addressed the interconnection of objects as Social Networks interconnect people, and others addressed the connection between objects and people. However, they usually used interfaces created for that purpose instead of using familiar interfaces for users. Why not integrate Smart Objects in traditional Social Networks? Why not control Smart Objects through natural interactions in Social Networks? The goal of this paper is to make easier to create applications that allow non-experts users to control Smart Objects actuators through Social Networks through the proposal of a novel approach to connect objects and people using Social Networks. This proposal will address how to use Twitter so that objects could perform actions based on Twitter users’ posts. Moreover, it will be presented a Domain-Specific language that could help in the task of defining the actions that objects could perform when people publish specific content on Twitter

Towards a Standard-based Domain-specific Platform to Solve Machine Learning-based Problems

Machine learning is one of the most important subfields of computer science and can be used to solve a variety of interesting artificial intelligence problems. There are different languages, framework and tools to define the data needed to solve machine learning-based problems. However, there is a great number of very diverse alternatives which makes it difficult the intercommunication, portability and re-usability of the definitions, designs or algorithms that any developer may create. In this paper, we take the first step towards a language and a development environment independent of the underlying technologies, allowing developers to design solutions to solve machine learning-based problems in a simple and fast way, automatically generating code for other technologies. That can be considered a transparent bridge among current technologies. We rely on Model-Driven Engineering approach, focusing on the creation of models to abstract the definition of artifacts from the underlying technologies

A review about Smart Objects, Sensors, and Actuators

Smart Objects and the Internet of Things are two ideas which describe the future, walk together, and complement each other. Thus, the interconnection among objects can make them more intelligent or expand their intelligence to unsuspected limits. This could be achieved with a new network that interconnects each object around the world. However, to achieve this goal, the objects need a network that supports heterogeneous and ubiquitous objects, a network where exists more traffic among objects than among humans, but supporting for both types. For these reasons, both concepts are very close. Cities, houses, cars, machines, or any another object that can sense, respond, work, or make easier the lives of their owner. This is a part of the future, an immediate future. Notwithstanding, first of all, there are to resolve a series of problems. The most important problem is the heterogeneity of objects. This article is going to show a theoretical frame and the related work about Smart Object. The article will explain what are Smart Objects, doing emphasis in their difference with Not- Smart Objects. After, we will present one of the different object classification system, in our opinion, the most complete

Swift vs. Objective-C: A New Programming Language

The appearance of a new programming language gives the necessity to contrast its contribution with the existing programming languages to evaluate the novelties and improvements that the new programming language offers for developers. These kind of studies can show us the efficiency, improvements and useful or uselessness of the new programming languages. Also these studies can show us the good or bad properties of the existing programming languages. For these reasons, these studies allow us to know if the new programming language is offering improvements or relapses. In this article, we compare the new programming language of Apple, Swift, with the main programming language of Apple before Swift, Objective-C. We are going to show the differences, characteristics and novelties to verify the words of Apple about Swift. With that we want to answer the next question: Is Swift a new programming language easier, more secure and quicker to develop than Objective-C

A fast model to resolve the velocity-space of fast-ion losses detected in ASDEX Upgrade and MAST Upgrade

A forward model to resolve the fast-ion loss velocity-space on a fast-ion loss detector (FILD) probe head (FILDSIM) has been extended, making it possible to perform real-time analysis of the FILD data ("real-time FILDSIM"). Parametric pre-processing with FILDSIM enables real-time mapping of the raw FILD measurements to the velocity-space of the fast-ion distribution reaching the FILD probe, which depends on the local magnetic field at the probe head. Such parametric pre-processing facilitates the study of fast-ion losses in stages of the discharge other than the flat-top, such as the ramp-up phase when changes in the local magnetic field at the probe head cannot be neglected. Real-time FILDSIM has been applied to the existing and newly installed FILDs in ASDEX Upgrade and will be used for the forthcoming FILD in MAST-Upgrade. Due to the larger size of the MAST-U FILD probe, the approximation used in FILDSIM of a uniform magnetic field in the FILD region has been generalised to the case of a non-uniform field, with gyro-orbits calculated numerically in this field.Universidad de Sevilla PP2016-7145Comunidad Europea de Energía Atómica (EURATOM) 633305

Small mammals from the middle pleistocene layers of the sima del elefante (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, northwestern Spain)

The Sima del Elefante site, located in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain), is an important Pleistocene archaeopalaeontological locality that has been excavated every year since 1996. At least two main infill phases have been identified: a first (TELRU) early Pleistocene phase that has provided a rich faunal assemblage, various stone tools and the earliest human remains from western Europe; and a second phase (TEURU) attributed to the Middle Pleistocene. In this paper, for the first time we present a description of the TEURU small-mammal assemblage and its subsequent biochronological, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic implications. The small-mammal assemblage is highly diverse and comprises at least 17 species: 3 insectivores (cf. Erinaceus sp., Crocidura sp. and Sorex sp.); 4 chiropters (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus gr. euryale-mehelyi, Myotis gr. Myotisoxygnathus and Miniopteurs schreibersii); 9 rodents (Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, Iberomys brecciensis, Terricola cf. atapuerquensis, Arvicola sp., Apodemus sylvaticus, Eliomys quercinus and Allocricetus bursae) and 1 lagomorph (Oryctolagus sp.). Such an association suggests a late Middle Pleistocene age (ca. 250-350 ka), a patchy landscape dominated by humid meadows and woodland areas, and mild climatic conditions. These results are compared with other proxies, such as the herpetofauna, malacofauna, large-mammals and charcoals, providing a new scenario for the climatic and environmental conditions that prevailed during the latest Middle Pleistocene in the Sierra de Atapuerca

Iterative 4D reconstruction of dynamic SPECT images

[Abstract] The 22nd International Congress and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, June 25-28, 2008The present work presents a new approach for the 4D reconstruction algorithm for dynamic SPECT in a parallel ray geometry based on B-splines including attenuation map from CT and geometry efficiency correction. In this work we make use of 4 piecewise piecewise quadratic temporal splines and a reconstruction algorithm based on the iterative maximization of Poisson likelihood. Results on a Tecnetium (99mTc-Teboroxime) canine study are shownPublicad

Introduction to Devices Orchestration in Internet of Things Using SBPMN

In this research we try to provide an architecture that allows the orchestration of objects that are part of the Internet of things creating business processes. Internet of Things is still in full development; this implies that there is a lack of standards for its proper implementation. Among these gaps is for example the technology used to allow objects to connect to the network, since there are several options but none seems to end imposed that is why this work try to provide architecture that imposes an alternative solution to this problem. However, it is difficult to provide a common solution to all the objects used in everyday life because of its great diversity, it requires us to classify them and thus create an appropriate architecture for each of the types These architectures are designed to facilitate the devices orchestration in a similar way as is currently done with web services enabling business process modeling

Alimentación de los caprélidos (Crustacea: Amphipoda) de la costa oeste de Méjico. ¿Se alimentan de los sustratos en los que viven?

We studied the gut contents of the dominant species of the West coast of Mexico to explore if caprellids can use their host substrates (mainly hydroids and gorgonians) as food resource or just as a place to cling on. Two hundred and forty two specimens of four species of caprellids were examined: Aciconula acanthosoma Chess, 1989, Caprella equilibra Say, 1818, Caprella aff. penantis Leach, 1814 and Paracaprella sp. Detritus was the dominant component in all the species, although hydroids were also abundant in C. equilibra and Paracaprella sp. Crustaceans were present in the digestive tracts of the four species, being an important component in Aciconula acanthosoma and Paracaprella sp. Caprella aff. penantis and C. equilibra collected from gorgonians did not show any trace of gorgonian sclerites in their guts. Therefore, the present study reveals that caprellids from the Pacific coast of Mexico are able to feed on hydroids but not on gorgonians. Furthermore, Paracaprella sp. associated to hydroids also showed a significant amount of harpacticoid copepods in the digestive tract, supporting the idea of cleptocomensalism. Further experimental studies are needed to explore the complex relationships between hydroids and caprellids.Se estudió el contenido del digestivo de las especies dominantes de la costa oeste de Méjico para explorar si los caprélidos pueden usar los sustratos en los que viven (principalmente hidrozoos y gorgonias) como fuente de alimento o solamente como sustrato al que anclarse. Se examinaron doscientos cuarenta y dos ejemplares de cuatro especies de caprélidos: Aciconula acanthosoma Chess, 1989, Caprella equilibra Say, 1818, Caprella aff. penantis Leach, 1814 y Paracaprella sp. El componente dominante en todas las especies fue el detritus, aunque los hidrozoos también fueron abundantes en C. equilibra y Paracaprella sp. Se encontraron restos de crustáceos en los tractos digestivos de las cuatro especies, siendo un componente importante en Aciconula acanthosoma y Paracaprella sp. Caprella aff. penantis y C. equilibra recolectadas en gorgonias no mostraron ningún resto de escleritos en sus digestivos. Por tanto, el presente estudio revela que los caprélidos de la costa pacífica de Méjico son capaces de alimentarse de hidrozoos pero no de gorgonias. Además, Paracaprella sp. asociada a hidrozoos también mostró una cantidad importante de copépodos harpacticoides en el tracto digestivo, lo que apoya la idea de cleptocomensalismo. Para el futuro, sería interesante desarrollar estudios experimentales para explorar las complejas relaciones entre hidrozoos y caprélidos