Estrategias docentes exitosas: aproximación conceptual desde planteamientos emergentes de la Psicología de la instrucción

La presente comunicación se centra en la propuesta conceptual de un conjunto de estrategias docentes que pueden llegar a vertebrar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y que se convierten en “moduladoras” de estilos de enseñanza eficaces. La competencia profesional docente ha ido revalorizándose con elementos y factores que conforman un concepto de significado multidimensional, incluyendo no sólo variables factuales o conductuales, sino también cognitivas y metacognitivas, sociales y emocionales. De esta forma, la docencia no sólo se contempla como un proceso de tipo lineal o secuencial uniforme, sino de naturaleza circular espiriforme con una interacción constante entre una serie de variables o dimensiones jerarquizadas y multifactoriales. La Psicología ofrece teorías o modelos realmente persuasivos por la profundidad que aportan al conocimiento del binomio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como tal, y a los elementos o factores que los constituyen. Pero es necesario abordar el tratamiento específico de cada uno de esos elementos que integran dicho binomio, a fin de comprender mejor su naturaleza y los efectos de sus interacciones.The present communication focuses on the conceptual proposal of a set of teaching strategies that can get to structure the teaching and learning, and become “modulatory” of effective teaching styles. Professional teaching competence has been revaluing with elements and factors that form a multidimensional concept of meaning, including not only factual or behavioral variables, but also cognitive and metacognitive, social and emotional. Thus, teaching is not only seen as a linear process or a uniform sequential process, but also as a circular spiral shape nature with a constant interplay between a number of hierarchical and multifactorial variables or dimensions. Psychology offers truly persuasive theories or models due to the depth they bring to the knowledge of the teaching and learning pairing, as such, and to the elements or factors which set them up. However, it is necessary to deal with the specific treatment of each of those elements that make up the pairing, in order to have a better understanding of their nature and the effects of their interactions.peerReviewe

Perfil diferencial de la competencia docente psicoinstruccional entre el Cuerpo de Maestros y el de profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria del Sistema Educativo Español actual

La calidad del desarrollo profesional docente, requiere de la elaboración de unos criterios profesionales (habilidades, competencias y responsabilidades) que permitan establecer una relación positiva entre el estilo de enseñanza del profesor y el estilo de aprendizaje del estudiante. Los docentes, en la medida de lo posible, tienen que conocer sus propios estilos de enseñanza para saber cómo influyen sus percepciones, interacciones, actitudes, etc… en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje y, a la vez, conocer los estilos del alumnado para reforzarlos. Nuestra propuesta se justifica en la definición de “estilo de enseñanza eficaz”, como un conjunto organizado e interactivo de competencias docentes que se vertebran, a su vez, en un grupo de “variables”: autoeficacia, planificación, resolución de conflictos, comunicación y habilidades sociales. Nuestra investigación se ha basado en el análisis comparativo de datos de tipo descriptivo de los resultados de una muestra de profesorado en activo de Educación Primaria y de Profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria que imparten docencia en cursos de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Las variables de “Planificación”, “Resolución de Conflictos” y “Comunicación Verbal” poseen una autopercepción semejante entre el profesorado de ambas muestras estudiadas. Sin embargo, las de “Autoeficacia”, “Comunicación No Verbal” e “Interacción-Convivencia” sean dispares en las muestras elegidas.The quality of professional development teaching, requires the development of professional criteria (skills, competences and responsibilities) that establish a positive relationship between the teachers’ teaching style and the students’ learning style. Teachers, as far as possible, must be aware of their own teaching styles so as to learn how to influence their perceptions, interactions, attitudes, in the teaching-learning process and, in turn, learn about the learning styles of their students in order to strengthen them. Our proposal is justified by the definition of ‘effective teaching style’ as an organized and interactive teaching skill that is structured, in turn, in a group of variables: self-effectiveness, planning, conflict resolution, communication and social skills . Our research has been based on the comparative analysis of descriptive type data from the results of a sample of active Primary and Secondary Teachers who teach courses in Compulsory Secondary Education. The variables of “Planning”, “Conflict Resolution” and “Verbal Communication” have a similar perception among teachers of both samples. However, the “Self-effectiveness”, “Nonverbal Communication” and “Interaction-Coexistence” are different among the samples chosen

Obtención de las soluciones periódicas de un oscilador no lineal mediante un método rápido de Galerkin

Este artículo está enfocado a la determinación de las soluciones periódicas de los osciladores no lineales así como al análisis cualitativo de su estabilidad. Estos osciladores están modelizados por la ecuación diferencial 3 Z ( t ) + kk(t) + E ajzj = g(t) j=1 siendo g(t) una fuerza T-periódica. En este trabajo desarrollamos un algoritmo basado en el método de Galerkin que utiliza la transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) para calcular las soluciones periódicas de la ecuación anterior. Además, incluimos un algoritmo combinado en un apéndice, con convergencia rápida, para resolver las ecuaciones algebraicas no lineales obtenidas por dicho método. Finalmente, validamos esta metodología aplicando el algoritmo pa,ra obtener las soluciones periódicas de un oscilador de Duffing con comportamiento caótico.This paper is focused to the determination of the harmonic solutions of the non linear oscillators modelled by the following differential equation 3 Z (t) + kk (t) + E a, r' = g (t) j=l being g(t) a T-periodic driving force. In this work we develop an algorithm based on the Galerkin method, using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the harmonic solutions of previous equation. Furthermore, we include a combined algorithm with fast convergence to solve the non linear algebraic equations obtained in the Galerkin Fast Algorithm. Finally, we validate this methodology applying the algorithm to obtain the harmonic solutions of a Duffing oscillator with a chaotic behavior.Peer Reviewe

A new species of Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the Crepori River, Amazon basin, Brazil

A new species belonging to the Hoplias malabaricus complex from the Amazon basin, Brazil, is described. The new species is characterized by 15–16 predorsal scales, 37–39 lateral-line scales, 5 scales from dorsal fin to lateral line, 38–39 vertebrae, iii-iv, 7–8 anal-fin rays, ii-iv, 12–15 caudal-fin rays, last vertical series of scales on the base of caudal-fin rays forming a straight line, 6–7 dark bands in anal fin and no distinctive dark bands or blotches on flanks. The new species is also distinguished from other congeners of the H. malabaricus species-group by means of landmark-based morphometrics and DNA Barcoding (Cytochrome c Oxidase I gene). An identification key to species of the H. malabaricus species complex is provided.Fil: Auzier Guimarães, Karen Larissa. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Rosso, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: González Castro, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Souza, Fujiie Belém. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Ribeiro Rodrigues, Luís Reginaldo. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasi

Management of odonto-stomatological emergencies during the COVID-19 alarm state in dental clinics in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM), Spain:an observational study

Odontology practice has been severely compromised by the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and Spain is one of the countries with higher incidence. Our aim with this study is to find out the number of cases and type of odonto-stomatological emergencies (OSE) treated in four dental clinics of the Madrid capital area and region (CAM) in the period covered between March 17th and 4th of May. We search the cases in the demographic/epidemiological databases of the CAM regional government and the Illustrious Official College of Dentists and Stomatologists of the First Region (Madrid). We found that the most prevalent pathology was acute apical periodontitis whereas odontogenic abscess showed the lowest frequency. Prosthetic-orthodontic OSE represented 14% of cases. In this period of time, the most prevalent pathology acute apical periodontitis, odontogenic abscess reported the lowest frequency and prosthetic-orthodontic treatments were the third in number of cases. Most of OSE were resolved, without referring the patient to a hospital emergency department

Composición, estructura y diversidad de poblaciones de Nothofagus glauca ubicadas en la zona mediterránea de Chile

The forests of Nothofagus glauca are located in the mediterranean zone of central Chile. Its elimination to enable soil for agricultural, forestry, more cattle use as well as the utilization of its wood for fuelwood and coal, reduced drastically its surface. Forests of N. glauca, that are located in the Coast and Andes chain mountain of the central zone of Chile, were studied. Across forest inventory, during summer of 2008 and 2009, it was recorded the composition, structure and diversity of the communities inhabited by N. glauca, some of which were selected to be climbed for seed collection to be used for genetic diversity studies. The results indicated a great difference between the forests of N. glauca located in Coast and the Andes. The forests of the Coast chain mountain, presented major species richness of each stand, dominance and diversity of species between communities. In all studied forests, N. glauca was the predominant species in all strata of crown (dominant, codominant, suppressed), with diameter class structures principally of the type “inverse J-shaped”. The best seed production, in quantity and quality, was registered in Coast chain mountain forest.Los bosques de Nothofagus glauca se encuentran ubicados en la zona mediterránea de Chile central. Su eliminación para habilitar suelo para uso agrícola, forestal y ganadero, más la utilización de su madera para leña y carbón, redujo drásticamente su superficie. Se estudiaron un total de cuatro bosques de N. glauca localizados dos en la Cordillera de la Costa y dos en la Cordillera de los Andes de Chile central. A través de inventario forestal, durante el verano de los años 2008 y 2009, se determinó la composición, la estructura y la diversidad de las comunidades habitadas por N. glauca, y se cosechó semillas escalando árboles seleccionados con el propósito de obtener información de la diversidad genética de la especie. Los resultados indicaron que existe gran diferencia entre los bosques de N. glauca ubicados en la costa y cordillera de los Andes. Los bosques costeros presentaron mayor riqueza dentro del rodal; dominancia y diversidad de especies entre rodales. En los bosques estudiados, N. glauca fue la especie principal en todos los estratos de copa (dominante, codominante y suprimido), con estructuras diamétricas principalmente del tipo “J invertida”. La mejor semillación, en cantidad y calidad, ocurrió en los bosques costeros

Rewiring Vascular Metabolism Prevents Sudden Death due to Aortic Ruptures-Brief Report.

The goal of this study was to determine whether boosting mitochondrial respiration prevents the development of fatal aortic ruptures triggered by atherosclerosis and hypertension. Ang-II (angiotensin-II) was infused in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice fed with a western diet to induce acute aortic aneurysms and lethal ruptures. We found decreased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from murine and human aortic aneurysms. Boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside reduced the development of aortic aneurysms and sudden death by aortic ruptures. Targetable vascular metabolism is a new clinical strategy to prevent fatal aortic ruptures and sudden death in patients with aortic aneurysms.This study was supported by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/188, PI19/855), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the European Commission through H2020-EU.1.1 and European Research Council grant ERC-2016-StG 715322-EndoMitTalk. This work was partially supported by Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/ BMD-3867 RENIM-CM), co-financed by European Structural and Investment Fund. M. Mittelbrunn is supported by the Miguel Servet Program (CP 19/014, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre). J. Oller and E. Gabandé-Rodríguez are supported by Juan de la Cierva (IJC2019-040152-I and IJC2018-036850-I respectively). Support was also provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grants (RTI2018-099246-B-I00, Comunidad de Madrid and Fondo Social Europeo funds (AORTASANA-CM; J. Miguel Redondo), J. Miguel Redondo was also funded by Fundación La Caixa (HR18-00068), The Marfan Foundation USA and the CIBER-CV of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CB16/11/00264).S

Physical Education through a joint curriculum in secondary schools

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónLa Educación Física ha de adoptar un papel principal en la sociedad del bienestar, del tiempo libre y del ocio. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de diversos estudios a nivel europeo y norteamericano, en relación a la Educación Física recibida por parte de los escolares, se plantea un proyecto con el objetivo principal de diseñar un currículum común del área de Educación Física entre los distintos centros de la zona de Almería, teniendo en cuenta la variedad y novedad de los contenidos a plantear en clase, intentando alejarse de los que tradicionalmente han predominado en las sesiones de Educación Física. Se espera que un mayor y amplio número de experiencias, que parten de los intereses del alumnado, tenga unos efectos positivos en la actitud y motivación de los mismos, tanto en las clases como en un impacto positivo en la adhesión a la actividad física a lo largo de toda su vida.AndalucíaES

Physico-Chemical Influence of Surface Water Contaminated by Acid Mine Drainage on the Populations of Diatoms in Dams (Iberian Pyrite Belt, SW Spain)

Twenty-three water dams located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt were studied during March 2012 (early spring) in order to carry out an environmental assessment based on diatom communities and to define the relationships between these biological communities and the physico-chemical characteristics of the dam surface water. This is the first time that a diatom inventory has been done for dams a ected by acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Spanish part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). It was found that the pH was the main factor influencing the behaviour of the diatom communities. Then, using a dbRDA approach it was possible to organize the aggrupation of diatoms into four groups in response to the physico-chemical conditions of the ecosystem, especially pH: (1) Maris, Aac, Gos, Cmora (pH 2–3); (2) Andc, San, And, Dpin (pH 3–4.5); (3) Gran, Pleon, Oliv, Lagu, Chan, SilI, SilII, Joya, Gar, Agrio, Camp, Corum (pH 4.5–6); (4) Herr, Diq I, Diq II (pH 6–7). The obtained results confirmed the response of benthic diatom communities to changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of surface water, and helped to understand the role of diatoms as indicators of the degree of AMD contamination in those 23 dams. Special attention was given to those that have an acidophilic or acid-tolerant profile (pH 2–3 and pH 3–4.5) such as Pinnularia aljustrelica, Pinnularia acidophila, Pinnularia acoricola and Eunotia exigua, which are the two groups found in the most AMD contaminated dams.Cuantificacíon de la carga metalica y sulfatos aportada por procesos AMD a embalses de la Faja Piritica Iberica: modelizacíon del processo y velocidades de colmatacíon” (CGL2010-21268-C02-01), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. “Cuantificacion de la carga metálica y sulfatos aportada por procesos AMD a embalses de la Faja Piritica Iberica” (P10-RNM-6570), Junta de Andalucía-Convocatoria Proyectos de Excelencia. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P. National funds in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19

Odiel River (SW Spain), a Singular Scenario Affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Graphical and Statistical Models to Assess Diatoms and Water Hydrogeochemistry Interactions

The Odiel River (SW Spain) is one of the most cited rivers in the scientific literature due to its high pollution degree, generated by more than 80 sulphide mines’ (mostly unrestored) contamination in the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB), that have been exploited for more than 5000 years. Along the river and its tributaries, the physico-chemical parameters and diatoms, from 15 sampling points, were analyzed in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters, water chemical analysis, together with richness and Shannon–Wiener indexes were integrated in a matrix. An initial graphical treatment allowed the definition and proposal of a functioning system model, as well as the establishment of cause–effect relationships between pollution and its effects on biota. Then, the proposed model was statistically validated by factor analysis. For acidic pH waters, high values of Eh, TDS, sulphate, ∑REE and ∑Ficklin were found, while diatomologic indicators took low values. Thus, factor analysis was a very effective tool for graphical treatment validation as well as for pollution–biota interaction models’ formulation, governed by two factors: AMD processes and water balance suffered by the studied river. As a novelty, the cause–effect relationships between high barium concentration and low diversity and richness were demonstrated in the IPB, for the first time: The authors are grateful to the Departments of Biology and Geosciences of the University of Aveiro, Portugal where diatom samples were identified. The authors are grateful to the Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering at the Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, Spain for paying for the water analyses. AT Luís is funded by national funds (OE), through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of 29 August, changed by Law 57/2017, of 19 Jul