Planificación basada en imágenes de resonancia magnética para la cirugía de columna de acceso lateral. ¿Es un procedimiento seguro? Estudio descriptivo de distribución de grandes vasos y psoas

Objetivo: Realizar una descripción anatómica de las estructuras involucradas en el abordaje para la técnica de abordaje lateral (fusión intersomática lateral extrema) basada en imágenes de resonancia magnética en decúbito dorsal. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de 200 pacientes evaluados con resonancia magnética de columna lumbosacra. Se tomaron mediciones en cortes axiales para determinar el posicionamiento de la vena cava, la arteria aorta, y el ancho y la altura del músculo psoas a fin de delimitar zonas de seguridad y de riesgo. Resultados: La muestra final incluyó a 164 pacientes con una edad media de 50.4 años en los hombres y 50.6 años en las mujeres. La arteria aorta abdominal en su recorrido hasta el espacio L3-L4 se ubica predominantemente del lado izquierdo en la zona A y, al llegar al espacio L4-L5, en el 95,7% de los pacientes, se observó la bifurcación de las arterias ilíacas. La vena cava mostró una tendencia de localización hacia el lado derecho y su bifurcación a nivel de L4-L5. Conclusiones: La planificación preoperatoria y la delimitación de la zona segura representan un método sencillo para evaluar la posición relativa de las estructuras anatómicas neurales y vasculares en relación con el área quirúrgica. Este método puede ayudar a los cirujanos de columna a prevenir complicaciones perioperatorias

Wormholes in AdS

We construct a few Euclidean supergravity solutions with multiple boundaries. We consider examples where the corresponding boundary field theory is well defined on each boundary. We point out that these configurations are puzzling from the AdS/CFT point of view. A proper understanding of the AdS/CFT dictionary for these cases might yield some information about the physics of closed universes.Comment: 38 pages, 2 figures, harvmac. v2: minor typos corrected and references adde

Assessment of parental contributions to fast- and slow-growing progenies in the sea bream Sparus aurata L. using a new multiplex PCR

Molecular tools to assist breeding programs in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) are scarce. A new multiplex PCR technique (OVIDORPLEX), which amplifies nine known microsatellite markers, was developed in this work. This multiplex system showed a high mean heterozygosity (>0.800) and a high mean number of alleles per marker (>14) when tested in two sea bream broodstocks (A: 40 breeders and B: 38 breeders). We tested this multiplex PCR for inferring parentage in a Spanish hatchery that graded the animals by size as part of their management procedure. The progeny of the broodstock were divided into fast- and slow-growth groups. Parentage studies revealed that this management procedure entailed a global reduction of the breeders' representation in progeny and that breeders' contributions were significantly unequal. Due to this, effective sample sizes fell to N ê¿13-14 for fast- and N ê¿18-24 for slow-growth progeny groups. These results imply a 3 to 4% rate of inbreeding per generation in the fast-growth group, which is more important to hatchery managers than the slow group. Not all the progeny were evaluated in this experiment (due to the discarding steps), and thus it is difficult to know if the phenotypic performance showed by the fast-growing progeny will be heritable. However, there were genetic differences between the differentiated growth progeny groups (fast vs. slow, F ST values=0.016 to 0.023; P<0.01). We also identified breeders with significantly different contributions to the fast- (10 breeders) or to the slow- (15 breeders) growth progeny groups. Our results demonstrated that this new multiplex PCR could be useful for quantitative programs (breeding programs, detection of QTL, inbreeding control or reconstruction of fish genealogies) to improve the aquaculture of the gilthead sea bream (S. aurata). © 2011 Elsevier B.V.This work was carried out in collaboration with the fish farm Granja Marina Safor, S.L. (Gandia, Valencia, Spain) and the hatchery Piscicultura Marina Mediterranea, S.L. (Burriana, Castellon, Spain). It was financed by JACUMAR (the PROGENSA project) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN; National Program of Resources and Food and Agriculture Technologies, AGL2006-13411-C03-00, SELECTSPARUS, and AGL2007-64040-C03-00, SELECTBREAM, including European Regional Development Funds). V. Gallego was supported by a FPI scholarship financed by MICINN; C. Garcia-Fernandez was supported by a FPU scholarship financed by MICINN; and I. Mazzeo was supported by a FPI scholarship financed by Generalitat Valenciana. We are indebted to three anonymous referees and the journal editor for valuable comments.Borrell, YJ.; Gallego Albiach, V.; García Fernández, C.; Mazzeo ., I.; Pérez Igualada, LM.; Asturiano Nemesio, JF.; Carleos, CE.... (2011). Assessment of parental contributions to fast- and slow-growing progenies in the sea bream Sparus aurata L. using a new multiplex PCR. Aquaculture. 314(1-4):58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.028S58653141-

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

El Espacio de la Memoria : Cruz del Eje y la disputa por la memoria reciente

Fil: Correa, Gabriel. Instituto de Culturas Aborígenes.Fil: Mazzeo, Juan J.. IES Arturo Capdevila

El Espacio de la Memoria : Cruz del Eje y la disputa por la memoria reciente

Fil: Correa, Gabriel. Instituto de Culturas Aborígenes.Fil: Mazzeo, Juan J.. IES Arturo Capdevila

El Espacio de la Memoria : Cruz del Eje y la disputa por la memoria reciente

Fil: Correa, Gabriel. Instituto de Culturas Aborígenes.Fil: Mazzeo, Juan J.. IES Arturo Capdevila

Understanding the Origin of the VCD Signals on the Basis of a Nonredundant Coordinate Definition

The relationships between the chiroptical activity and the vibrational normal modes of epichlorohydrin have been investigated on the basis of a nonredundant internal coordinate definition not reported until now. These coordinates were verified by comparing, for the lower energy conformers, the diagonal quadratic force constants and were found to display similar values among conformers and to be consistent with the molecular structure of epichlorohydrin and its vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectrum. Boltzmann population factors were used to calculate the weighted sum of the individual VCD and IR spectra of the three lower energy conformers, which accurately fitted the experimental spectra of (R)-epichlorohydrin. The electric and magnetic transition dipole moments of the 24 vibrational normal modes were calculated for the most stable conformers. The combined analysis of these vectors and the normal mode description, given in terms of the potential energy distribution, allowed us to investigate the role of the functional groups (methylene, chlorine) and the type of internal coordinates (stretching, bending, etc.) in the chiroptical activity of the vibrations

Mode Robustness in Raman Optical Activity

By reformulating Raman and ROA invariants we provide ground for the definition of robust modes in ROA spectroscopy. Introduction of two parameters defining robustness helps characterization and assignment of ROA bands. Application and use of robustness parameters to [<i>n</i>]­helicenes and oxirane/thiirane derivatives are presented

Extended enantiopure ortho-phenylene ethylene (o-OPE)-based helical systems as scaffolds for supramolecular architectures: a study of chiroptical response and its connection to the CISS effect

A novel synthetic strategy based on a bifunctional stapled chiral nucleus from which segments of different lengths can be added to both ends of o-phenylene ethynylenes (o-OPEs) has been developed to obtain a new type of foldamer and a novel chiral Pd2L2 metallacycle. For the first time, an enantiopure fully conjugated helical foldamer having 14 phenyl rings and 13 alkynes is reported. The folded structure has four complete loops and is able to host three Ag(i) cations in their cavity with high binding constants. The complete photophysical and chiroptical (ECD, CPL and VCD) characterization of these foldamers has shown that these molecules show intense chiroptical responses with dissymmetry ratios in the range of 10(-2). Theoretical modeling of these systems reveals the origin of these remarkable responses and points out a potential connection with the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. The magnetic dipole moment is proposed as a key physical variable connecting the chiroptical properties and CISS-based spin filtering properties observed in chiral compounds