Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos de un área ribereña en San Luis Potosí, México

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of heavy metal in sediments of a fragmented riparian area, as an indicator of environmental pollution in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eleven sampling points, including four different land uses were established: Pond, Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Settlement. Sediment samples were taken during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn 2010, and winter 2011. The technique of ICP-MS was used to determine Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn data analysis was performed with Minitab®. Land use has an effect on the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Cd, with the agricultural area containing the highest concentrations. The season was a significant factor for concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb, emphasizing spring 2010 and autumn 2010, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Cu-Zn (r = 0.746), Pb-Cu (r = 0.635) and Cd-Zn (r = 0.720). The normal limits of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in sediments established by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines were exceeded. By using other scientific and technical sources, maximum levels of Cu, Cd and Pb were defined with a condition of high pollution. This condition is attributed to the land use change dynamics, to wastewater discharges, and urban, agricultural and livestock wastes. Thus, a further environmental assessment is recomended for the study area.Se determinó la presencia de metales pesados en sedimentos de un sistema ribereño fragmentado por usos de suelo como indicador de contaminación ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Se establecieron once puntos de muestreo considerando los usos de suelo: Estanque, agrícola, Asentamiento rural y Ganadero. Durante las estaciones de primavera, verano y otoño de 2010 e invierno 2011, se tomaron muestras de sedimentos. Se utilizó la técnica de ICP-MS para determinar Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn y los datos fueron analizados en Minitab®. El uso de suelo incide en la acumulación de Cu, Zn y Cd, siendo la zona agrícola la que cuenta con mayores concentraciones. La estación fue significativa respecto de las concentraciones de Zn, Cd y Pb, destacando primavera 2010 y otoño 2010 respectivamente. Asimismo, fueron encontradas correlaciones significativas entre Cu-Zn (r = 0,746), Pb-Cu (r = 0,635) y Cd-Zn (r = 0,720). Los límites normales de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb en sedimentos establecidos por la Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines fueron rebasados. Con otras fuentes se definieron que los niveles máximos de Cu, Cd y Pb presentaron una condición alta de contaminación. Esta condición es atribuida a la dinámica de usos de suelo, descargas de aguas residuales, desechos sólidos urbanos, agrícolas y ganaderos, recomendándose continuar su evaluación ambiental.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortiz, Juan Carlos. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Villarreal Guerrero, Federico. Chihuahua (México). Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología.Fil: Cabrera Rodríguez, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Beltrán Morales, F. Alfredo. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: Díaz Flores, Paola Elizabeth. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de Agronomí

Elementos traza en fertilizantes y abonos utilizados en agricultura orgánica y convencional

Fertilizers and manures are the major sources of crop nutrients. Their composition of trace elements and transfer into soil by these means has been poorly studied in Mexico. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in nine nutrient sources used in organic and conventional agroecosystems; vermicompost, compost, Chilean nitrate, phosphate rock, urea, calcium nitrate, diammonium phosphate (DAP), triple superphosphate (TSP) and potassium sulphate. The results show that DAP, TSP, phosphate rock and vermicompost have the highest concentrations of As, Cd and Pb, while Hg was detected only at low concentrations in TSP. Urea, calcium nitrate and potassium sulphate obtained the lowest concentrations. However, vermicompost is the material incorporating most trace elements into the soil when taken as a source of 100 kg N ha-1, the estimated quantities were 17 139, 2 190 and 76 176 mg ha-1 of As, Cd and Pb, respectively. If used as a source of P2O5 or K2O, there will be higher trace elements transfer into the soil.Los fertilizantes y abonos son las principales fuentes de nutrientes de los cultivos. La composición de elementos traza en ellos ha sido poco estudiada en México, así como su ingreso total a los suelos por esta vía.Arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) fueron determinados por espectrofotometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS) en nueve fuentes nutrimentales utilizadas en agroecosistemas orgánicos y convencionales; lombricomposta, composta, nitrato chileno, roca fosfórica, urea, nitrato de calcio, fosfato diamónico (DAP), superfosfato triple (SPT) y sulfato de potasio. Los resultados muestran que DAP, SPT, roca fosfórica y lombricomposta poseen las más altas concentraciones de As, Cd y Pb, mientras que Hg sólo fue detectado en SPT a bajas concentraciones. La urea, nitrato de calcio y sulfato de potasio obtuvieron las concentraciones más bajas. Sin embargo, la lombricomposta es el material que más elementos traza incorpora al suelo cuando se toma como fuente de 100 kg de N ha-1, las cantidades estimadas fueron 17139, 2190 y 76176 mg ha-1 deAs, Cd y Pb, respectivamente. En caso de usarse como fuente de P2O5 ó K2O, el ingreso al suelo de elementos traza será aún más alto

Consumption of Two Healthy Dietary Patterns Restored Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction

[Scope] The consumption of two healthy diets (Mediterranean (MED) and low‐fat (LF) diets) may restore the gut microbiome dysbiosis in obese patients depending on the degree of metabolic dysfunction.[Methods and results] The differences in bacterial community at baseline and after 2 years of dietary intervention of 106 subjects from the CORDIOPREV study were analyzed, 33 of whom were obese patients with severe metabolic disease (5 criteria for metabolic syndrome) (MetS‐OB), 32 obese patients without metabolic dysfunction (2 or less criteria for metabolic syndrome) (NonMetS‐OB) and 41 non‐obese subjects (NonMetS‐NonOB). Our study showed a marked dysbiosis in people with severe metabolic disease (Met‐OB), compared with obese people without MetS (NonMetS‐OB) and non‐obese people (NonMetS‐NonOB). This disbiotic pattern was reversed by consumption of both MED (35% of calories as fat (22% MUFA fat, 6% PUFA fat and <10% saturated fat) or LF (<30% total fat (<10% saturated fat, 12%–14% MUFA fat and 6–8% PUFA fat) diets, whereas no significant microbiota changes were observed in NonMetS‐NonOB and NonMetS‐OB groups.[Conclusion] Our results suggest that the chronic intake of two healthy dietary patterns partially restores the gut microbiome dysbiosis in obese patients with coronary heart disease, depending on the degree of metabolic dysfunction.The CORDIOPREV study is supported by the Fundación Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Salud, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa), Diputaciones de Jaén y Córdoba, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de España. The CIBEROBN is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. It was also partly supported by research grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2012/39615, PIE14/00005, and PIE 14/00031 to J.L.‐M.; AGL2015/‐67896‐P to J.L.‐M. and A.C.; CP14/00114 to A.C.; FIS PI13/00023 to J.D.‐L.; FIS PI13/00185 to P. P.‐M.; PI13/00619 to F. P.‐J.; FIS PI16/01777 to P. P.‐M. and F. P.‐J.); Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia, Junta de Andalucía (CVI‐7450 to J. L.‐M.); Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). A. C. is supported by an ISCIII research contract, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Programa Miguel‐Servet CP14/00114).Peer reviewe

Microbiota sequences data

This file contains the microbiota sequences data from "Intestinal microbiota is influenced by gender and body mass index" study

Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiota as Potential Determinants of Gender Predisposition to Disease

[Scope] Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is involved in metabolic syndrome (MetS) development, which has a different incidence between men (M) and women (W). The differences in gut microbiota in MetS patients are explored according to gender, and whether consuming two healthy diets, Mediterranean (MED) and low‐fat (LF), may, over time, differentially shape the gut microbiota dysbiosis according to gender is evaluated.[Materials and Methods] All the women from the CORDIOPREV study whose feces samples were available and a similar number of men, matched by the main metabolic variables (N = 246, 123 women and 123 men), and categorized according to the presence or not of MetS are included. Gut microbiota is analyzed at baseline and after 3 years of dietary intervention.[Results] Higher abundance of Collinsella, Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Phascolarctobacterium genera is observed in MetS‐W than in MetS‐M, whereas the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Prevotella genera is higher in MetS‐M than in MetS‐W. Moreover, higher levels of Desulfovibrio, Roseburia, and Holdemania are observed in men than in women after the consumption of the LF diet.[Conclusion] The results suggest the potential involvement of differences in gut microbiota in the unequal incidence of metabolic diseases between genders, and a sex‐dependent effect on shaping the gut microbiota according to diet.The CORDIOPREV study is supported by the Fundación Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Salud, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa), Diputaciones de Jaén y Córdoba, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP14/00114 to A.C.). Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2012/39615, PIE14/00005, and PIE 14/00031 to J.L.‐M.; AGL2015‐67896‐P to J.L.‐M. and A.C.; CP14/00114 to A C; PI13/00619 to F.P.‐J.; PI16/01777 to F.P.‐J. and P.P.‐M.); Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia, Junta de Andalucía (CVI‐7450 to J.L.‐M.); and by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Antonio Camargo is supported by an ISCIII research contract (Programa Miguel‐Servet CP14/00114).Peer reviewe

Two Healthy Diets Modulate Gut Microbial Community Improving Insulin Sensitivity in a Human Obese Population.

Gut microbiota, which acts collectively as a fully integrated organ in the host metabolism, can be shaped by long-term dietary interventions after a specific diet. The aim was to study the changes in microbiota after 1 year's consumption of a Mediterranean diet (Med diet) or a low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet (LFHCC diet) in an obese population. Participants were randomized to receive the Med diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated) and the LFHCC diet (28% fat, 12% monounsaturated). The study was conducted in 20 obese patients (men) within the Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention (CORDIOPREV) study, an ongoing prospective, randomized, opened, controlled trial in patients with coronary heart disease. We evaluated the bacterial composition and its relationship with the whole fecal and plasma metabolome. The LFHCC diet increased the Prevotella and decreased the Roseburia genera, whereas the Med diet decreased the Prevotella and increased the Roseburia and Oscillospira genera (P = .028, .002, and .016, respectively). The abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis (P = .025) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = .020) increased after long-term consumption of the Med diet and the LFHCC diet, respectively. The changes in the abundance of 7 of 572 metabolites found in feces, including mainly amino acid, peptide, and sphingolipid metabolism, could be linked to the changes in the gut microbiota. Our results suggest that long-term consumption of the Med and LFHCC diets exerts a protective effect on the development of type 2 diabetes by different specific changes in the gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of the Roseburia genus and F. prausnitzii, respectively