Application of pattern recognition in detection of buried archaeological sites based on analysing environmental variables, Khorramabad Plain, West Iran

Archaeologists continue to search for techniques that enable them to analyze archaeological data efficiently with artificial intelligence approaches increasingly employed to create new knowledge from archaeological data. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of Pattern Recognition methods in detection of buried archaeological sites of the semi-arid Khorramabad Plain located in west Iran. This environment has provided suitable conditions for human habitation for over 40,000 years. However, environmental changes in the late Pleistocene and Holocene have caused erosion and sedimentation resulting in burial of some archaeological sites making archaeological landscape reconstructions more challenging. In this paper, the environmental variables that have influenced formation of archaeological sites of the Khorramabad Plain are identified through the application of Arc GIS. These variables are utilized to create an accurate predictive model based on the application of One-Class classification Pattern Recognition techniques. These techniques can be built using data from one class only, when the data from other classes are difficult to obtain, and are highly suitable in this context. The experimental results of this paper confirm one-class classifiers, including Auto-encoder Neural Network, k-means, principal component analysis data descriptor, minimum spanning tree data descriptor, k-nearest neighbour and Gaussian distribution as promising applications in creating an effective model for detecting buried archaeological sites. Among the investigated classifiers, minimum spanning tree data descriptor achieved the best performance on the Khorramabad Plain data set. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Processing and bread-making quality profile of Spanish spelt wheat

Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years. Recently, this species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural and traditional foods has driven a revival of the crop. In the current study, eighty-eight traditional spelt genotypes from Spain, together with nine common wheat cultivars and one modern spelt (cv. Anna Maria) were grown during a period of two years in Andalucia (southern Spain). In each, several traits were measured in to evaluate their milling, processing, and end-use quality (bread-making). The comparison between species suggested that, in general, spelt and common wheat showed differences for most of the measured traits; on average, spelt genotypes had softer grains, higher protein content (14.3 vs. 11.9%) and gluten extensibility (alveograph P/L 0.5 vs. 1.8), and lower gluten strength (alveograph W 187 vs. 438 × 10−4 J). In the baking test, both species showed similar values. Nevertheless, the analysis of this set of spelt genotypes showed a wide range for all measured traits, with higher values than common wheat in some spelt genotypes for some traits. This opens up the possibility of using these materials in future breeding programs, to develop either new spelt or common wheat cultivars

A Tool for GIXRF/XRR simulation and data analysis

Ponencia presentada en el Monte Carlo Simulation Tools for X-Ray Imaging and Fluorescence Workshop, 2014The IAEA has developed a beamline end-station facility that it is currently installed at the newly developed XRF beamline of Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, ItalyThe end-station called Ultra High Vacuum Chamber (UHVC) is a multipurpose facility for applying simultaneously various complementary and advanced variants of X-Ray Spectrometry (XRS) techniques, including: Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (TXRF) Grazing Incidence/Exit XRF analysis (GIXRF- GEXRF) Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) X-ray Reflectometry (XRR) The current development of GIXRF/XRR simulations/analysis tool aims at assisting end-users in data processing and interpretation.Fil: Leani, Juan José. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Leani, Juan José. Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories; Austria.Física Atómica, Molecular y Química (física de átomos y moléculas incluyendo colisión, interacción con radiación, resonancia magnética, Moessbauer Efecto.

Cosmological Constant and Noncommutativity: A Newtonian point of view

We study a Newtonian cosmological model in the context of a noncommutative space. It is shown that the trajectories of a test particle undergo modifications such that it no longer satisfies the cosmological principle. For the case of a positive cosmological constant, spiral trajectories are obtained and corrections to the Hubble constant appear. It is also shown that, in the limit of a strong noncommutative parameter, the model is closely related to a particle in a G\"odel-type metric.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, Introduction was changed and references added. Final version accepted for publication in JMPL

Humoral immune response in hens naturally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis against outer membrane proteins and other surface structural antigens

A simple procedure for obtaining surface exposed antigens of Salmonella Enteritidis is described. A heat treatment of whole bacteria in saline solution induced the release of small membrane vesicles containing outer membrane components as well as surface appendage components, such as fimbriae and flagellin. The characterization of the structural components of this extract, called HE, was established by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies. Five major groups of proteins were identified: flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF21 and SEF14 fimbriae. The immunogenicity of these proteins was studied by immunoblotting with serum samples from naturally infected hens. Flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF14 and SEF21 fimbriae were immunogenic in the S. Enteritidis infected hens (frequency of reactants: 47.3, 97.3, 64.7, 50.0 and 60.8%, respectively); porins also reacted with sera from non infected hens (66.7%). The immunogenicity of these antigens in infected birds provide promise that they may serve as components of an effective subcellular vaccine for poultry salmonellosis

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Alzheimer's disease

Attentional control and Information processing speed are central concepts in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment have depicted theoretical models considering attention as a complex and non-unitary process. One of its component processes, Attentional set-shifting ability, is commonly assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT). Performance in the TMT decreases with increasing age in adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Besides, speed of information processing (SIP) seems to modulate attentional performance. While neural correlates of attentional control have been widely studied, there are few evidences about the neural substrates of SIP in these groups of patients. Different authors have suggested that it could be a property of cerebral white matter, thus, deterioration of the white matter tracts that connect brain regions related to set-shifting may underlie the age-related, MCI and AD decrease in performance. The aim of this study was to study the anatomical dissociation of attentional and speed mechanisms. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a unique insight into the cellular integrity of the brain, offering an in vivo view into the microarchitecture of cerebral white matter. At the same time, the study of ageing, characterized by white matter decline, provides the opportunity to study the anatomical substrates speeded or slowed information processing. We hypothesized that FA values would be inversely correlated with time to completion on Parts A and B of the TMT, but not the derived scores B/A and B-A

An Index for 4 dimensional Super Conformal Theories

We present a trace formula for an index over the spectrum of four dimensional superconformal field theories on $S^3 \times$ time. Our index receives contributions from states invariant under at least one supercharge and captures all information -- that may be obtained purely from group theory -- about protected short representations in 4 dimensional superconformal field theories. In the case of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ theory our index is a function of four continuous variables. We compute it at weak coupling using gauge theory and at strong coupling by summing over the spectrum of free massless particles in $AdS_5\times S^5$ and find perfect agreement at large $N$ and small charges. Our index does not reproduce the entropy of supersymmetric black holes in $AdS_5$, but this is not a contradiction, as it differs qualitatively from the partition function over supersymmetric states of the ${\cal N}=4$ theory. We note that entropy for some small supersymmetric $AdS_5$ black holes may be reproduced via a D-brane counting involving giant gravitons. For big black holes we find a qualitative (but not exact) agreement with the naive counting of BPS states in the free Yang Mills theory. In this paper we also evaluate and study the partition function over the chiral ring in the $\mathcal{N}=4$ Yang Mills theory.Comment: harvmac 40+16 pages, v3: references and table of contents added, typos fixe

Multiple myeloma primary cells show a highly rearranged unbalanced genome with amplifications and homozygous deletions irrespective of the presence of immunoglobulin-related chromosome translocations

Background and Objectives Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell neoplasia in which genetic studies have shown that genomic changes may affect almost all chromosomes, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Our objective was the genomic characterization of CD 138 positive primary MM samples by means of a high resolution array CGH platform. Design and Methods For the first time, a high resolution array CGH with more than 40,000 probes, has been used to analyze 26 primary MM samples after the enrichment of CD138-positive plasma cells. Results This approach identified copy number imbalances in all cases. Bioinformatics strategies were optimized to perform data analysis allowing the segregation of hyperdiploid and non-hyperdiploid cases by array CGH. Additional analysis showed that structural chromosome rearrangements were more frequently seen in hyperdiploid cases. We also identified the same Xq21 duplication in nearly 20% of the cases, which originated through unbalanced chromosome translocations. High level amplifications and homozygous deletions were recurrently observed in our series and involved genes with meaningful function in cancer biology. Interpretation and Conclusions High resolution array CGH allowed us to identify copy number changes in 100% of the primary MM samples. We segregated different MM subgroups based on their genomic profiles which made it possible to identify homozygous deletions and amplifications of great genetic relevance in MM

Methodology to improve the model of series inductance in CMOS integrated inductors

This paper presents a systematic optimization methodology to achieve an accurate estimation of series inductance of inductors implemented in standard CMOS technologies. Proposed method is based on an optimization procedure which aims to obtain adjustment factors associated to main physical inductor characteristics, allowing to estimate more accurate series inductance values that can be used in design stage. Experimental measurements of diverse square inductor geometries are shown and compared with previous approaches in order to demonstrate and validate presented approach.National Council of Science and Technology of México (CONACYT) TEC2013-45638-C3-3-RSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2013-45638-C3-3-REuropean Regional Development Fund TEC2013-45638-C3-3-RConsejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-148