Estrategia de océano azul en la producción de concreto premezclado, para mercados de construcción informal de la ciudad de Arequipa

Uno de los principales problemas de la ciudad de Arequipa y del país es la construcción informal de viviendas, en donde se utilizan materiales que no cumplen estándares de calidad y dentro de ellos está el concreto informal, poniendo en riesgo a las personas que habitan dichas viviendas. El objetivo general del presente trabajo fue proponer una estrategia integral utilizando la innovación en valor o estrategia de océano azul aplicado a una empresa de concreto premezclado en la ciudad de Arequipa, a fin de conseguir un producto de concreto premezclado orientado para las viviendas de construcción informal, que pueda cumplir los requisitos de calidad y las expectativas de costo y hábitos de consumo de ese mercado. El tipo de investigación es descriptivo, la población fue de 235171 viviendas particulares, la muestra de 196 viviendas construidas en los distritos de Cerro Colorado y Paucarpata, en la investigación se ha utilizado la técnica de recopilación de información y encuestas, esta información fue recopilada entre 2017 al 2021. La conclusión principal fue el lanzamiento de un producto de concreto premezclado desarrollado en base los fundamentos de la estrategia de océano azul, si reduciría los niveles de consumo de concreto informal ya que tendría una aceptación mayor al 50% de este mercado

Challenges in assessing exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards in large cities: the case study of Arequipa near the Misti volcano, south Peru

Assessing risk of potential natural catastrophes in cities remains challenging, in particular as we need to elaborate quantitative criteria for exposure and vulnerability. Statistical and probabilistic methods have been applied to Arequipa, one of the most vulnerable Latin America cities. The second largest city of Peru is highly exposed to natural hazards: earthquakes, eruptions from the historically active El Misti volcano, rain-triggered flash floods and mass flows together with landslides from the Río Chili canyon walls. First, we propose a long-term probabilistic multi-hazard assessment for the Misti composite cone located 17 km from Arequipa. Second, we examine criteria for delineating areas prone to mass flow hazards and characterizing multiple sources of vulnerability forthe city. Third, a statistical methodology to better estimate damage probability for buildings is proposed

Geological and geotechnical characteristics of recent lahar deposits from El Misti volcano in the city area of Arequipa, South Peru

International audienceThis study provides geotechnical characteristics of recent lahar deposits on which the city of Arequipa (South Peru) is built. Geological and sedimentological observations point out the existence of three types of lahar deposits in the Arequipa region: fine hyperconcentrated-flow deposits, coarse hyperconcentrated-flow deposits, and debris-flow deposits. The mineral components identified in the three types of lahars show that they are linked to the outcropping volcanic rocks around Arequipa city. Physical measurements (dry density, grain-size distribution, specific surface of the grains based on methylene blue tests) and mechanical tests (in situ dynamic cone penetration soundings, oedometric and Casagrande shear-box tests) were performed on the three main categories of soils. Our results highlight that hyperconcentrated-flow deposits are fine sand- and silt-rich deposits that lack clay particles. Their dry density is low (ρd = 1.25 g/cm3) and their friction angle is high (ϕ = 38°) which contribute to the peculiar dynamics of lahar flows and to their high erosive power. The low apparent density provides a better capacity for the debulking process, whereas the high friction angle takes part in the erosion process. Finally, the geotechnical properties observed here suggest that the high contents in silica pyroclastic particles and the lack of clay or fine particles control the rheological behavior of lahar deposits. We can also consider that the rheological behavior of lahars through time is complex and that existing older lahars can be remobilized by heavy rain or future stream flows and lahars