Joints or bullets? : the inefficiency of current policies against the legalization of marihuana

Este artículo tiene como fin poner al lector en contexto sobre las políticas sobre las drogas usadas alrededor del mundo. Una vez se exponga los usos que se le han dado a la marihuana durante la historia de la humanidad, pasaremos a mostrar brevemente las políticas que se han implementado en Suecia, Portugal, Estados Unidos, Holanda y Colombia. Una vez definido el contexto entraremos a intentar dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿son las políticas usadas mundialmente, específicamente en Colombia, eficientes frente a la disminución del consumo o son parte de una lucha que será eternamente perdida? A la luz de datos y cifras contundentes sustentaremos una teoría que propone una nueva política frente al uso de las drogas alrededor del mundo. Esta nueva alternativa abarca no solo el consumo sino la producción también, terminando de una vez por todas, una guerra contra las drogas que no ha mostrado resultados visibles.This article seeks to give a different perspective about the actual controlling drugs policies used around the world. After going through a brief tour on marihuana uses in humanity’s history, we make a summary of some of the actual policies around the world. We center our attention in countries such as Sweden, Portugal, United States, Netherlands and Colombia. Then, with the context defined, we enter the main discussion: are the actual policies around the world and specifically in Colombia efficien on decreasing consumption or they are just a nonsense impossible to win war? With numbers and facts we´ll expose the situation nowadays supporting the theory that suggests an alternative policy to face the global drug problem, in consumption as in production, instead of keep fighting a war declared decades ago and hasn´t showed visible results

Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología. Consensus on recommendations to decrease and discontinue biological therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer recomendaciones para la disminución y descontinuación de la terapia biológica con el fin de que se convierta en un documento guía para los profesionales de la salud involucrados en el manejo de pacientes con artritis reumatoide, espondilitis anquilosante y artritis psoriásica. Materiales y métodos Las recomendaciones fueron establecidas mediante consenso desarrollado a través de un panel de expertos en reumatología, basado en el análisis de la evidencia científica disponible obtenida de revisiones sistemáticas y sobre la experiencia clínica de los panelistas. Resultados Se incluyeron 33 estudios relacionados con artritis reumatoide, 6 de artritis psoriásica y 9 de espondilitis anquilosante. Las recomendaciones para la disminución de las terapias biológicas se realizaron estableciendo un plan para determinar cuándo y cómo reducir los fármacos biológicos modificadores de enfermedades reumáticas en pacientes con estas 3 enfermedades y en algunos casos conducir a la descontinuación de estos tratamientos. Conclusión Las recomendaciones establecidas en este documento servirán de guía para mejorar la eficiencia de la terapia biológica en estas enfermedades, reducir la variabilidad en la práctica clínica y establecer de manera adecuada una relación riesgo/beneficio.Q4Artículo original11-23Objective The objective of this study was to establish recommendations for the reduction and discontinuation of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, with the aim of becoming a guide document for health professionals involved in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. Materials and methods The recommendations were established through consensus by a panel of experts in rheumatology, and based on the analysis of available scientific evidence obtained from systematic reviews and the clinical experience of the panellists. Results A total of 33 rheumatoid arthritis related studies were included, with 6 psoriatic arthritis related, and 9 ankylosing Spondylitis related. The recommendations for the reduction of biological therapies were made by establishing a plan to determine when and how to reduce the biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with these 3 diseases, and in some cases lead to the discontinuation of these treatments. Conclusion The recommendations established in this document will serve as a guide to improve the efficiency of biological therapy in these diseases, reduce the variability in clinical practice, and establish an adequate risk / benefit ratio

Drug-induced anaphylaxis, elicitors, risk factors, and management in Latin America

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequent triggers of drug-induced anaphylaxis in Latín America, whereas antibiotics elicited faster onset and more scvere reactions. An improvement was observed in epinephrinc use and adherence to guidelines in the emergency department treatment of anaphylaxis in Latín America compared with our last report.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Morphometric Vertebral Fractures And Their Relationship With 25 Oh-Vitamin D, Body Mass Index, And Age In Elderly Women

Objective: To determine the presence of morphometric vertebral fractures, as well as their relationship with 25 OH Vitamin D, body mass index, and age in elderly women. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 elderly women from the study \u27Musculoskeletal Health in the Elderly\u27. The morphometric determination of vertebral fractures was performed with radiography, while the levels of 25 OH Vitamin D were determined by the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method using the Liaison® 25 OH Vitamin D Total Assay 25 (Ref 310 600), using the Liaison® Analyser. The body mass index was obtained as recommended by the World Health Organisation; weight in kilograms over height in metres squared. The age of the participants was verified by their identity card, and their income details from the national data bases (SISPRO-FOSYGA). Results: The mean age was 74.3 years (SD ± 7.2). The overall prevalence of fractures was 17.9%; 54.9% of participants had values between 20 and 29ng/ml 25 OH Vitamin D, and 58.9% had body mass index values less than 25kg/m2. The mean 25 OH Vitamin D was lower in participants with fractures (19.7 vs. 25.1) (P \u3c.05). Body mass index was also lower in those with fractures (23.5 vs. 24.6) (P \u3c.05), but age was higher: 78.9 vs. 73.4 (P \u3c.05). When comparing the mean levels of 25 OH Vitamin D in fractured and non-fractured participants, significantly lower levels of 25 OH Vitamin D were found in participants with fractures over 69 years-old, and on comparing the body mass index, the values of 25 OH Vitamin D were significantly lower in each of the categories of participants with a fracture. Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship was found between morphometric vertebral fractures and: 1) low levels of 25 OH Vitamin D, 2) being older and, and 3) a lower body mass index

English language internship – translation project

The Department of Foreign Languages in the University of Córdoba proposes a macro project called “Servicios de Traducción e Interpretación” led by professors of the English Teaching program and current internship tutors: B.S. Jaime Nieto and M.S. Paula García. This macro project has two micro projects, one focuses on interpretation services to expert visitors whereas the other is aimed at translations and revisions of academic papers. The University of Córdoba offers this project as a selectable option for students to graduate, but the internship process was modified due to the global pandemic of the current year. This report describes the strategies, theories, and overall experience from three interns as they accomplished the tasks, functions, and responsibilities they were given under the micro project focused on the translation and revision process of academic papers.1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………42. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ………………………………………………...62.1 Translation ……………………………………………………………………..62.2 Collaborative Translation ………………………………………………….....72.3 Scientific text ……………………………………………………………….......82.3.1 Scientific article ……………………………………………………………..82.3.2 Preliminary communication ………………………………..……………......82.3.3 Mural or poster ……………………………………………………………...82.3.4 Thesis ……………………………………………………………………….82.3.5 Dissertation …………………………………………………………………92.3.6 Monograph …………………………………………………………………92.3.7 Scientific report ……………………………………………………………..92.3.8 Summary …………………………………………………………………….92.4 Translation of technical-scientific texts ………………………………………93. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS…………………………………...……114. RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………145. CHALLENGES …………………………………………………………………..206. CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………….227. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………24PregradoLicenciado(a) en Lenguas Extranjeras con Énfasis en Inglé

Approach to the unprotection of disabled individuals in the labor relationship due to inefective introduction of international instruments

Este trabajo pretende estudiar si el denominado “fuero de salud” ha logrado su objetivo de proteger e incluir a la población en situación de discapacidad en el mercado laboral de manera efectiva o, si, por el contrario, ha generado un mayor grado de desprotección y exclusión para esta población debido a la inseguridad jurídica que ha creado. Inicialmente se estudiarán y analizarán cifras e indicadores del mercado laboral para evidenciar si las normas creadas para proteger la población objeto de estudio han sido efectivas. Posteriormente, se buscará determinar si la inefectividad evidenciada obedece a una falla en el proceso de internalización de instrumentos internacionales y de creación de normas internas, especialmente durante el proceso de creación de institucionalidad para exigir el cumplimiento de estas. Por último, se propondrán una serie de observaciones y sugerencias para incrementar la efectividad de las medidas proteccionistas de personas en situación de discapacidad en el mercado laboral.This paper intends to address and study the special labor protection that disabled population has in the labor market, and determine whether it has been effective or, instead, has created insecurity which consequently led to unprotection and exclusion of this population. For such effect, indicators and numbers of the labor market will be analyzed to evidence the ineffectiveness of the issued legislation up to date in protecting disabled population. Then, we will study if such ineffectiveness obeys to a failure during the process of internalizing international instruments and/or in the creation of rules, specially while creating institutions to apply such rules. Finally, comments and suggestions to increase the effectiveness of protective measures of disabled population will be exposed.Magíster en Derecho Laboral y de la Seguridad SocialMaestrí

Beyond the bull\u27s eye: Recognizing Lyme disease

A rash occurs in 80% of Lyme disease cases, but only about a third of the rashes develop into a classic bull\u27s-eye lesion. Here\u27s what to look for and how best to treat

Del porro al plomo : análisis jurídico y económico de la entrada a la regulación de la marihuana en Colombia

Este escrito, a través de un análisis económico del derecho, busca comprender y analizar las implicaciones de la actual regulación de la marihuana en Colombia. Con ese objetivo se realiza un estudio histórico sobre la presencia de la marihuana en el país. Posteriormente, se expone un recorrido sobre la legislación y normatividad expedida sobre la materia para aterrizar en el estado del arte de la regulación actual, analizando sus efectos y consecuencias, y comparándola con jurisdicciones internacionales para determinar la idoneidad de la misma. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis de lo que podría significar para el país, desde un punto de vista jurídico y económico, una eventual legalización de la marihuana, partiendo de los principales beneficios que esta puede llegar a generar. Esto, teniendo en cuenta el momento coyuntural que atraviesa el país en un proceso de paz que pretende finalizar un conflicto armado de más de medio siglo.Abogado (a)Pregrad

Beyond the bull\u27s eye: Recognizing Lyme disease

A rash occurs in 80% of Lyme disease cases, but only about a third of the rashes develop into a classic bull\u27s-eye lesion. Here\u27s what to look for and how best to treat