ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОЕ И ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО ЦЕНТРА

What is needed: to improve legislative base of Russian financial markets taking into account the changes brought about by the global crisis; to form coordinated regulation system for financial markets; to create effective judicial system; to strengthen currency and financial cooperation with leading foreign trade partners of Russia.Необходимо: совершенствование российской законодательной базы в части финансовых рынков с учетом изменений, вызванных глобальным кризисом; формирование скоординированной системы регулирования финансовых рынков; создание эффективной судебной системы; активизация валютно-финансового сотрудничества с ведущими внешнеторговыми партнерами России

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО ЦЕНТРА КАК ВАЖНОГО ФАКТОРА ИНТЕГРАЦИИ СТРАН СНГ И ЕВРАЗЭС

The process of forming in Moscow a regional (to be in future transformed into a global) international Single Economic Space (SES) financial center should become for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Euroasian Economic Community (EvrAsES) countries an universal integration instrument to be used to create their common economic and commercial space. The international center along with SES national financial centers will form an internationally competitive polycentric financial network with single institutional (regulatory, law, customs, etc.)agreements. A mechanism should be formed to attract countries outside Customs Union to participate in creation of the international financial center.Формирование в Москве регионального (с последующей трансформацией в глобальный) международного финансового центра Единого Экономического Пространства (ЕЭП) должно стать универсальным инструментом механизма создания общего евроазиатского экономического и торгового пространства, развития интеграционных процессов стран СНГ и Евразийского Экономического Сообщества (ЕврАзЭС). Международный центр и национальные финансовые центры стран ЕЭП образуют конкурентоспособную в международном масштабе полицентрическую сеть финансовых центров, между которыми будут действовать институциональные (регуляторные, правовые и налоговые) соглашения единой финансовой системы. Необходима разработка механизма привлечения к процессу формирования этого центра стран, не входящих в Таможенный Союз

Genetic sharing and heritability of paediatric age of onset autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are polygenic diseases affecting 7–10 % of the population in the Western Hemisphere with few effective therapies. Here, we quantify the heritability of paediatric AIDs (pAIDs)

Winner's Curse Correction and Variable Thresholding Improve Performance of Polygenic Risk Modeling Based on Genome-Wide Association Study Summary-Level Data

Recent heritability analyses have indicated that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to improve genetic risk prediction for complex diseases based on polygenic risk score (PRS), a simple modelling technique that can be implemented using summary-level data from the discovery samples. We herein propose modifications to improve the performance of PRS. We introduce threshold-dependent winner's-curse adjustments for marginal association coefficients that are used to weight the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRS. Further, as a way to incorporate external functional/annotation knowledge that could identify subsets of SNPs highly enriched for associations, we propose variable thresholds for SNPs selection. We applied our methods to GWAS summary-level data of 14 complex diseases. Across all diseases, a simple winner's curse correction uniformly led to enhancement of performance of the models, whereas incorporation of functional SNPs was beneficial only for selected diseases. Compared to the standard PRS algorithm, the proposed methods in combination led to notable gain in efficiency (25-50% increase in the prediction R2) for 5 of 14 diseases. As an example, for GWAS of type 2 diabetes, winner's curse correction improved prediction R2 from 2.29% based on the standard PRS to 3.10% (P = 0.0017) and incorporating functional annotation data further improved R2 to 3.53% (P = 2×10-5). Our simulation studies illustrate why differential treatment of certain categories of functional SNPs, even when shown to be highly enriched for GWAS-heritability, does not lead to proportionate improvement in genetic risk-prediction because of non-uniform linkage disequilibrium structure

LEGISLATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF ACTIVITY INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER

What is needed: to improve legislative base of Russian financial markets taking into account the changes brought about by the global crisis; to form coordinated regulation system for financial markets; to create effective judicial system; to strengthen currency and financial cooperation with leading foreign trade partners of Russia

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF CREATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER AS IMPORTANT CIS AND EVRASES COUNTRIES INTERGATION FACTOR

The process of forming in Moscow a regional (to be in future transformed into a global) international Single Economic Space (SES) financial center should become for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Euroasian Economic Community (EvrAsES) countries an universal integration instrument to be used to create their common economic and commercial space. The international center along with SES national financial centers will form an internationally competitive polycentric financial network with single institutional (regulatory, law, customs, etc.)agreements. A mechanism should be formed to attract countries outside Customs Union to participate in creation of the international financial center

Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa

North Africa is one of the most earthquake- prone areas of the Mediterranean. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunami-triggering, inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in North Africa is assessed using the neo-deterministic, multi- scenario methodology (NDSHA) based on the compu- tation of synthetic seismograms, using the modal sum- mation technique, at a regular grid of 0.2 × 0.2°. This is the first study aimed at producing NDSHA maps of North Africa including five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The key input data for the NDSHA algorithm are earthquake sources, seismotectonic zonation, and structural models. In the preparation of the input data, it has been really important to go beyond the national borders and to adopt a coher- ent strategy all over the area. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of the teams involved, it has been possible to properly merge the earthquake catalogues available for each country to define with homogeneous criteria the seismogenic zones, the characteristic focal mechanism associated with each of them, and the structural models used to model wave propagation from the sources to the sites. As a result, reliable seismic hazard maps are pro- duced in terms of maximum displacement (Dmax), max- imum velocity (Vmax), and design ground acceleration