Cavity-backed, micro-strip dipole antenna array

A flush-mounted antenna assembly includes a generally rectangular, conductive, box structure open along one face to form a cavity. Within the cavity a pair of mutually orthogonal dielectric plane surfaces in an "egg crate" arrangement are mounted normal to the plane of the open face, each diagonally within the cavity. Each dielectric plane supports a pair of printed circuit dipoles typically each fed from the opposite side of the dielectric plane by a printed "cone-shaped" feed line trace which also serve as an impedance matching device and functions as a balun connected from an unbalanced strip line external feed. The open face of the conductive cavity can be flush mounted with a randome thereover, the assembly thereby being flush with the skin of a aircraft or space vehicle

Spiral slotted phased antenna array

A flush mounting, cavity-backed, dual orthogonal slot antenna for aircraft and space vehicles is described. Improved radiation pattern characteristics are obtained by making the spiral slot pattern elliptical in the aperture plane. A cavity and a flanged aperture plate are configured such that one slot pair is orthogonal with respect to another slot pair within the aperture plate. Coaxial split-tube baluns are used to drive the junctions between corresponding slot pairs. An optional cavity dielectric is provided and a drive coupling arrangement includes a four port comparator hybrid having sum and difference ports respectively, for alternate excitation to produce a single lobe or a double lobe pattern with null. Switching apparatus is provided to connect a common terminal to either of the ports

Coaxial phased array antenna

A coaxial antenna array for communicating circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation is disclosed. A pair of open ended antenna cavities is coaxially constructed and operates by excitation of linear radiation elements arranged within each of the cavities. A pair of crossed dipole radiation devices is centered within the inner cavity and operated by means of a phase shifting network circuit to transmit as well as receive circularly polarized radiation. Four monopole radiation devices are symmetrically arranged to operate in the outer cavity in phase quadrature by means of the phase shifting network circuit to both transmit and receive circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation. Combined operation of the two antenna cavities with a 180 deg phase differential between the fields related to the two antenna cavities provides a broad beam, relatively wide frequency bandwidth communication capability. Particular embodiments disclosed feature a generally square cavity array as well as a circular cavity array

An investigation of current sheet structure in a cylindrical Z-pinch

Structure of propagating current sheet in large radius cylindrical pinch discharg

Casting Light on Dark Matter

The prospects for detecting a candidate supersymmetric dark matter particle at the LHC are reviewed, and compared with the prospects for direct and indirect searches for astrophysical dark matter. The discussion is based on a frequentist analysis of the preferred regions of the Minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with universal soft supersymmetry breaking (the CMSSM). LHC searches may have good chances to observe supersymmetry in the near future - and so may direct searches for astrophysical dark matter particles, whereas indirect searches may require greater sensitivity, at least within the CMSSM.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the LEAP 2011 Conferenc

Distribution of skates and sharks in the North Sea: 112 years of change

How have North Sea skate and shark assemblages changed since the early 20th century when bottom trawling became widespread, whilst their environment became increasingly impacted by fishing, climate change, habitat degradation and other anthropogenic pressures? This article examines long-term changes in the distribution and occurrence of the elasmobranch assemblage of the southern North Sea, based on extensive historical time series (1902–2013) of fishery-independent survey data. In general, larger species (thornback ray, tope, spurdog) exhibited long-term declines, and the largest (common skate complex) became locally extirpated (as did angelshark). Smaller species increased (spotted and starry ray, lesser-spotted dogfish) as did smooth-hound, likely benefiting from greater resilience to fishing and/or climate change. This indicates a fundamental shift from historical dominance of larger, commercially valuable species to current prevalence of smaller, more productive species often of low commercial value. In recent years, however, some trends have reversed, with the (cold-water associated) starry ray now declining and thornback ray increasing. This shift may be attributed to (i) fishing, including mechanised beam trawling introduced in the 1960s–1970s, and historical target fisheries for elasmobranchs; (ii) climate change, currently favouring warm-water above cold-water species; and (iii) habitat loss, including potential degradation of coastal and outer estuarine nursery habitats. The same anthropogenic pressures, here documented to have impacted North Sea elasmobranchs over the past century, are likewise impacting shelf seas worldwide and may increase in the future; therefore, parallel changes in elasmobranch communities in other regions are to be expected

Texas Forestry Paper No. 22

Some site, stand, and tree effects on diameter growth of east texas pine treeshttps://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/texas_forestry_papers/1010/thumbnail.jp

Problems and Prospects of the United States Shipbuilding Industry

Any overview of American ship­building must include a discussion of our industry\u27s ability, or lack of it, to compete today in world markets with shipbuilders of other nations

Projecting the Long Arm of the Law: Extraterritorial Criminal Enforcement of U.S. Antitrust Laws in the Global Economy

In this Article, I review the development, expansion, and current state of extraterritorial enforcement in the United States, look briefly at the presence or prospects of extraterritorial jurisdiction elsewhere, identify some of the problems presented by the unilateral exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and suggest a view of the future