Trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 European countries between 1990 and 2010

Background: The prevalence of obesity increased dramatically in many European countries in the past decades. Whether the increase occurred to the same extent in all socioeconomic groups is less known. We systematically assessed and compared the trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 different European countries between 1990 and 2010. Methods: Nationally representative survey data from 15 European countries were harmonized and used in a metaregression of trends in prevalence and educational inequalities in obesity between 1990 and 2010. Educational inequalities were estimated by means of absolute rate differences and relative rate ratios in men and women aged 30-64 years. Results: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of obesity was found for all countries, except for Ireland (among men) and for France, Hungary, Italy and Poland (among women). Meta-regressions showed a statistically significant overall increase in absolute inequalities of 0.11% points [95% CI 0.03, 0.20] per year among men and 0.12% points [95% CI 0.04, 0.20] per year among women. Relative inequalities did not significantly change over time in most countries. A significant reduction of relative inequalities was found among Austrian and Italian women. Conclusion: The increase in the overall prevalence aligned with a widening of absolute but not of relative inequalities in obesity in many European countries over the past two decades. Our findings urge for a further understanding of the drivers of the increase in obesity in lower education groups particularly, and an equity perspective in population-based obesity prevention strategies.Peer reviewe

NO-induced migraine attack: Strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin release

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycerin. Fifteen female migraineurs (without aura) and eight controls participated in the study. Sublingual nitroglycerin (0.5 mg) was administered. Blood was collected from the antecubital vein four times: 60 min before and after the nitroglycerin application, and 60 and 120 min after the beginning of the migraine attack (mean 344 and 404 min; 12 subjects). In those subjects who had no migraine attack (11 subjects) a similar time schedule was used. Plasma CGRP concentration increased significantly ðP , 0:01Þ during the migraine attack and returned to baseline after the cessation of the migraine. In addition, both change and peak, showed significant positive correlations with migraine headache intensity ðP , 0:001Þ: However, plasma CGRP concentrations failed to change during immediate headache and in the subjects with no migraine attack. Basal CGRP concentration was significantly higher and platelet 5-HT content tended to be lower in subjects who experienced a migraine attack. Platelet serotonin content decreased significantly ðP , 0:01Þ after nitroglycerin in subjects with no migraine attack but no consistent change was observed in patients with migraine attack. In conclusion, the fact that plasma CGRP concentration correlates with the timing and severity of a migraine headache suggests a direct relationship between CGRP and migraine. In contrast, serotonin release from platelets does not provoke migraine, it may even counteract the headache and the concomitant CGRP release in this model

Periodical Monitoring of Slope Failures Effects in Hradisko Area

Import 05/08/2014Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá sledováním pomalých svahových jevů v lokalitě Hradisko, která se nachází v okrese Vsetín v jihozápadní části Javorníků. Na lokalitě jsou v kamenném poli stabilizovány sledované body, které byly v rámci zpracování této práce zaměřeny, a to jak polohově, tak i výškově. Cílem práce bylo naměřená data zpracovat, následně vyhodnotit a také vhodně graficky prezentovat. Výstupem je stanovení a vyhodnocení velikosti svislých a vodorovných posunů na jednotlivých sledovaných bodech. Práce definuje také základní pojmy a vysvětluje problematiku, která s tématem práce úzce souvisí.The master‘s thesis deals with monitoring of the slow slope processes on Hradisko locality, which is situated in the Vsetín district in southwest part of Javorníky highlands. Monitored points, which are stabilized at the stone field, were in the course of processing this thesis measured to determine their height and position. The aim of this thesis is to process, to evaluate and to visualize graphically the measured data. Outcome of the thesis is an assessment and an evaluation of vertical and horizontal shifts. The thesis also defines basic terms and explains issues which are closely related with the topic.Prezenční544 - Institut geodézie a důlního měřictvívýborn