Fertility-preserving surgical procedures, techniques

peer reviewedAs a result of the trend toward late childbearing, fertility preser- vation has become a major issue in young women with gynaeco- logical cancer. Fertility-sparing treatments have been successfully attempted in selected cases of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer, and gynaecologists should be familiar with fertility- preserving options in women with gynaecological malignancies. Options to preserve fertility include shielding to reduce radiation damage, fertility preservation when undergoing cytotoxic treat- ments, cryopreservation, assisted reproduction techniques, and fertility-sparing surgical procedures. Radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is an oncologically safe, fertility-preserving procedure. It has been accepted worldwide as a surgical treatment of small early stage cervical cancers. Selected cases of early stage ovarian cancer can be treated by unilateral salpingo-ophorectomy and surgical staging. Hysteroscopic resec- tion and progesterone treatment are used in young women who have endometrial cancer to maintain fertility and avoid surgical menopause. Appropriate patient selection, and careful oncologic, psychologic, reproductive and obstetric counselling, is mandatory

Utilizing polydispersity in composite fibrous based sound absorbing materials

The distribution of fiber diameters plays a crucial role in the transport and sound absorbing properties of a three-dimensional random fibrous (3D-RF) composites. Conventionally, volume-weighted averaging of fiber diameters has been utilized as an appropriate microstructural descriptor to predict the static viscous permeability of 3D-RF composites. However, the long wavelength acoustical properties of a 3D-RF composites are also sensitive to the smallest fibers, this is particularly true in the high-frequency regime. In our recent research, we demonstrated that an inverse volume-weighted averaging of fiber diameters can effectively serve as a complementary microstructural descriptor to capture the high-frequency behavior of polydisperse fibrous media. In the present work, we review the identification of two representative volume elements (RVEs) which relies on the reconstruction of 3D-RF composites having volume-weighted and inverse-volume weighted averaged fiber diameters, respectively in the low-frequency and high frequency regimes. We examine the implication of such a weighting procedure on the transport and sound absorbing properties of polydisperse fibrous media, highlighting their potential advantages. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with this research field. Finally, we provide a brief perspective of the future directions and opportunities for advancing this area of study, aiming to overcome challenges and extend the benefits of employing polydispersity as a new lever for the optimization of 3D-RF composites in sound-absorbing materials.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Specificities of exosome versus small ectosome secretion revealed by live intracellular tracking of CD63 and CD9.

Despite their roles in intercellular communications, the different populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their secretion mechanisms are not fully characterized: how and to what extent EVs form as intraluminal vesicles of endocytic compartments (exosomes), or at the plasma membrane (PM) (ectosomes) remains unclear. Here we follow intracellular trafficking of the EV markers CD9 and CD63 from the endoplasmic reticulum to their residency compartment, respectively PM and late endosomes. We observe transient co-localization at both places, before they finally segregate. CD9 and a mutant CD63 stabilized at the PM are more abundantly released in EVs than CD63. Thus, in HeLa cells, ectosomes are more prominent than exosomes. By comparative proteomic analysis and differential response to neutralization of endosomal pH, we identify a few surface proteins likely specific of either exosomes (LAMP1) or ectosomes (BSG, SLC3A2). Our work sets the path for molecular and functional discrimination of exosomes and small ectosomes in any cell type

GWAS in the SIGNAL/PHARE clinical cohort restricts the association between the FGFR2 locus and estrogen receptor status to HER2-negative breast cancer patients

International audienceGenetic polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk. Clinical and epidemiological observations suggest that clinical characteristics of breast cancer, such as estrogen receptor or HER2 status, are also influenced by hereditary factors. To identify genetic variants associated with pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients, a Genome Wide Association Study was performed in a cohort of 9365 women from the French nationwide SIGNAL/PHARE studies (NCT00381901/RECF1098). Strong association between the FGFR2 locus and ER status of breast cancer patients was observed (ER-positive n=6211, ER-negative n=2516; rs3135718 OR=1.34 p=5.46x10-12). This association was limited to patients with HER2-negative tumors (ER-positive n=4267, ER-negative n=1185; rs3135724 OR=1.85 p=1.16x10-11). The FGFR2 locus is known to be associated with breast cancer risk. This study provides sound evidence for an association between variants in the FGFR2 locus and ER status among breast cancer patients, particularly among patients with HER2-negative disease. This refinement of the association between FGFR2 variants and ER-status to HER2-negative disease provides novel insight to potential biological and clinical influence of genetic polymorphisms on breast tumors

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Intérêt de l'oxygénothérapie hyperbare dans la prise en charge des dermo-hypodermites nécrosantes bactériennes périnéales (étude rétrospective sur 83 cas de 2000 à 2008 sur l'Hôpital Sainte Marguerite à Marseille)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

AIFIRA: a light ion beam facility for ion beam analysis and irradiation

AIFIRA is a small-scale ion beam facility equipped with a single-stage electrostatic accelerator delivering bright beams of light ions (protons, deuterons and helium ions) in the MeV energy range. The facility provides ion beam irradiation, analysis, and imaging techniques to academic research groups and companies. These techniques cover a wide range of applications including materials research, life sciences, environment, geology and geochemistry, archeometry, and applied physics. About 200 days of beam time are allocated each year to internal and external users either coming from local, national, or international teams. AIFIRA is certified as a research platform by its two parent institutions: CNRS/IN2P3 and the university of Bordeaux. Therefore, beamtime allocation is opened to external teams that are accompanied by local experts to prepare, perform and analyze their experiments. This paper describes the facility and the developments performed in the last years. We highlight two original features of the facility: charge collection studies using a microbeam and the production of secondary neutron fields

Inhibition of E-selectin expression on the surface of endothelial cells inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by preventing tumor angiogenesis

International audienc

Hypersensibilité immédiate au carboplatine ou à l’oxaliplatine : réintroduction du cisplatine sans tests cutané ?

International audienceIntroduction : L’incidence des réactions d’hypersensibilité immédiate aux sels de platine (cisplatine, carboplatine et oxaliplatine) augmente avec leur large utilisation en cancérologie. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’établir la fréquence des sensibilités croisées entre les sels de platine, de déterminer si le cisplatine peut être utilisé sans test allergologique préalable en cas d’allergie immédiate au carboplatine ou à l’oxaliplatine et enfin de proposer une prise en charge simple pour retraiter rapidement les malades.Méthodes : Notre étude rétrospective a porté sur 155 malades ayant présenté une réaction d’hypersensibilité immédiate à un sel de platine. Des intradermoréactions aux trois sels de platine ont été effectuées puis une réintroduction à dose d’emblée thérapeutique a ensuite été proposée en fonction du résultat des tests.Résultats : Les tests étaient positifs chez 97 des 155 patients avec le sel de platine suspecté. La fréquence de la sensibilité croisée entre carboplatine et oxaliplatine était très élevée (40 %) alors qu’elle était rare (3 %) entre le cisplatine et les autres sels. Dans les trois cas d’hypersensibilité croisée entre le cisplatine et les 2 autres ; le cisplatine avait déjà était utilisé lors de précédentes chimiothérapies. Une réintroduction du cisplatine a été réalisée chez 24 patients ayant une hypersensibilité prouvée au carboplatine ou à l’oxaliplatine sans aucun effet secondaire.Discussion : Cette étude montre sur une grande série l’intérêt diagnostique des intradermoréactions aux sels de platine et leur utilité pour guider les réintroductions, confirmant ainsi les données préalablement publiées par notre service puis d’autres travaux de la littérature. La structure chimique des trois molécules pourrait expliquer l’absence de réaction croisée entre cisplatine et oxaliplatine/carboplatine, une chaîne est commune à l’oxaliplatine et au carboplatine mais pas au cisplatine.Conclusion : Les allergies au cisplatine sont très rares et les données des tests suggèrent qu’il est possible d’utiliser cette molécule sans risque d’allergie après un accident anaphylactique au carboplatine ou à l’oxaliplatine

Determination of the absolute configuration and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor activity of dilospirane B

The absolute configuration of dilospirane B (1), a diterpene featuring a novel carbon framework recently isolated from the brown alga Dilophus spiralis, was established on the basis of theoretical calculations of its electronic circular dichroism spectra applying the time-dependent density functional theory method. Metabolite 1, evaluated for its in vitro antitumor activity against six human cancer cell lines displaying various levels of sensitivity to pro-apoptotic stimuli, exhibited growth inhibitory activity with a mean IC 50 value of 66 μM. Quantitative videomicroscopy analyses indicated that 1 initially displays cytostatic effects which later become cytotoxic. © 2012 Phytochemical Society of Europe.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe