Dirt Road Corrugations

WE CONSIDER FACTORS INFLUENCING the build-up of corrugations on dirt roads and the reactions of vehicles to them. We suggest that corrugations are (at least in part) a consequence of a natural tangential oscillation of the tread surface of the car lure that occurs when the vehicle is being driven or braked. Secondly, we suggest that the unpleasant vibration experienced by a vehicle passing over a corrugated road is the result of a beat produced by the difference of the frequency of oscillation of its own tyres and the frequency of the stimulation received by the vehicle due to passage over a corrugated road. We consider how this is affected by actions that the driver can take and conclude with some recommendations and observations of related effects

Categorical Compactness for Rings

In this paper we study categorical compactness with respect to a class of objects F being motivated by examples arising from modules, abelian groups, and various classes of non-abelian groups. This theory is then applied to the category of not necessarily associative rings. In particular, we study the example arising from the class of all torsion-free rings. This work extends some recent results of B. J. Gardner for associative rings and radical classes

Isolated Submodules and Skew Fields

We study the generally distinct concepts of isolated submodule, honest submodule, and relatively divisible submodule for unital right R-modules, where R is an associative ring with identity. This is accomplished by studying a certain subset called the Q-torsion subset relative to a subset Q (sometimes a right ideal but not always) of R. The Q-isolator turns out to always to be a categorical closure operator and the notion of Q-honest is an `operator but need not be a closure operator. It is shown that the notions of Q-isolated and Q-honest coincide precisely when the Q-honest operator is a closure operator and this happens precisely when all submodules are Q-honest. As a corollary, we obtain when Q = R, every submodule is honest if and only if every submodule is isolated if and only if R is a skew field. We also determine a new characterization of a right Ore domain

First cases of Omicron in France are exhibiting mild symptoms, November 2021–January 2022

International audienceObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the first Omicron cases detected in France in order to assess case characteristics and provide supporting information on the possible impact of this variant on the healthcare system.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was used to collect information from confirmed and probable Omicron cases.ResultsMedian age of 468 investigated cases was 35 years, 376 were symptomatic (89%); 64% were vaccinated with two doses and 7% had received three doses. Loss of smell and taste were reported by 8.3% and 9% of cases, respectively. Seven cases were hospitalized, three of those were unvaccinated (including two with reported precondition). No admissions to intensive care and no deaths were reported.ConclusionsOur results confirm a mild clinical presentation among the first Omicron cases detected in France and highlight the importance for the national COVID-19 surveillance system to quickly detect and adapt to the emergence of a new variant

Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the period 1957-2019; obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v6.0_2020-09-11

A full list of all creators for this product can be found at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/providerlist/obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v6.0_2020-09-11.html. This product is constructed using the Observation Package (ObsPack) framework [Masarie et al., 2014; www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/6/375/2014/]. The framework is designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with specific applications in mind, and package and distribute them in a self-consistent and well-documented product. ObsPack products are intended to support GHG budget studies and represent a new generation of cooperative value-added GHG data products. This product includes 471 atmospheric carbon dioxide datasets derived from observations made by 54 laboratories from 21 countries. Data for the period 1957-2019 (where available) are included

Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the period 1957-2020; obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v7.0_2021-08-18

This product is constructed using the Observation Package (ObsPack) framework [Masarie et al., 2014; www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/6/375/2014/]. The framework is designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with specific applications in mind, and package and distribute them in a self-consistent and well-documented product. ObsPack products are intended to support GHG budget studies and represent a new generation of cooperative value-added GHG data products. This product includes 524 atmospheric carbon dioxide datasets derived from observations made by 63 laboratories from 21 countries. Data for the period 1957-2020 (where available) are included