MonteCarlo : toolbox de Matlab : herramientas para un laboratorio de estadística fundamentado en técnicas Monte Carlo /

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaPenden

La verificació aleatòria: una estratègia per millorar i avaluar la qualitat de l'entrada de dades

Se aborda la problemática de la reducción de los errores que se producen durante la introducción de los datos y que no pueden controlarse mediante protecciones automáticas. Frente a este problema, la estrategia habitual es la "doble entrada" (DE) de los datos, la cual aumenta considerablemente el coste de la investigación. Como alternativa a esta estrategia se propone un nuevo procedimiento, implementado en el Sistema DAT, que se basa en un proceso de "verificación aleatoria" (VA) de un porcentaje del total de datos. Además de reducir el coste, la VA ofrece otras ventajas como el hecho de proporcionar una estimación del porcentaje de errores, y ofrecer un índice de aptitud y eficacia de los operadores. En la segunda parte del artículo se presentan los resultados de un experimento que sustenta la hipótesis de que la VA aumenta la eficacia de la entrada de datos, sin mengua de la eficiencia, cuando se compara con situaciones en las cuales no se aplica ningún control que permita obtener un indicador sobre la calidad de los datos que se introducen

Changes in the Association between European Workers' Employment Conditions and Employee Well-Being in 2005, 2010 and 2015

[EN] The aim of this paper is to study whether there is a change in the association between employment conditions and European employees' well-being at three different time points (the years 2005, 2010 and 2015), characterized by different socio-economic contexts. We based our study on the European Working Conditions Survey. Logistic regressions were performed by adjusting for gender, age, level of education, seniority, occupation, establishment size, activity sector and economic activity. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported. In general, the association between employment conditions (type of employment contract, supervising, weekly working hours, long working hours, other paid jobs, working at weekends or doing shifts) and well-being indicators (anxiety, fatigue and dissatisfaction) seemed to continue being harmful, or had even changed for the worse since 2005. The paper briefly discusses the possible reasons for this situation and calls for future research on the relation between well-being and irregular type of contracts, self-employment, supervising others or hours worked per week. Some implications in public health policies are also discussed.The APC was funded by the Grant PGC2018-100675-B-I00, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Marin-Garcia, JA.; Bonavia, T.; Losilla, J. (2020). Changes in the Association between European Workers' Employment Conditions and Employee Well-Being in 2005, 2010 and 2015. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 17(3):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031048S122173LaMontagne, A. D., Milner, A., Krnjacki, L., Schlichthorst, M., Kavanagh, A., Page, K., & Pirkis, J. (2016). Psychosocial job quality, mental health, and subjective wellbeing: a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. BMC Public Health, 16(S3). doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3701-xStansfeld, S., & Candy, B. (2006). Psychosocial work environment and mental health—a meta-analytic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 32(6), 443-462. doi:10.5271/sjweh.1050Van der Doef, M., & Maes, S. (1999). The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research. Work & Stress, 13(2), 87-114. doi:10.1080/026783799296084Nappo, N. (2019). Is there an association between working conditions and health? An analysis of the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey data. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0211294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211294Nappo, N. (2018). Working Conditions and Anxiety. An Analysis on the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey Data. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8(10). doi:10.30845/ijhss.v8n10p17Malard, L., Chastang, J.-F., Schütte, S., Parent-Thirion, A., Vermeylen, G., & Niedhammer, I. (2013). Changes in Psychosocial Work Exposures Among Employees Between 2005 and 2010 in 30 Countries in Europe. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 55(10), 1135-1141. doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3182a3eb90Benach, J. (2004). Types of employment and health in the European Union: Changes from 1995 to 2000. The European Journal of Public Health, 14(3), 314-321. doi:10.1093/eurpub/14.3.314Trends in Job Quality during the Great Recession: A Comparative Approach for the EU. Working Paper nº 161-1 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00966898Wood, S., & Ogbonnaya, C. (2016). High-Involvement Management, Economic Recession, Well-Being, and Organizational Performance. Journal of Management, 44(8), 3070-3095. doi:10.1177/0149206316659111Rostila, M. (2008). The Swedish labour market in the 1990s: The very last of the healthy jobs? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36(2), 126-134. doi:10.1177/1403494807085067Julià, M., Vanroelen, C., Bosmans, K., Van Aerden, K., & Benach, J. (2017). Precarious Employment and Quality of Employment in Relation to Health and Well-being in Europe. International Journal of Health Services, 47(3), 389-409. doi:10.1177/0020731417707491Robert, G., Martinez, J. M., Garcia, A. M., Benavides, F. G., & Ronda, E. (2014). From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health. The European Journal of Public Health, 24(3), 404-409. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku020Utzet, M., Moncada, S., Molinero, E., Llorens, C., Moreno, N., & Navarro, A. (2014). The changing patterns of psychosocial exposures at work in the South of Europe: Spain as a labor market laboratory. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 57(9), 1032-1042. doi:10.1002/ajim.22334Blank, C., Gatterer, K., Leichtfried, V., Pollhammer, D., Mair-Raggautz, M., Duschek, S., … Schobersberger, W. (2018). Short Vacation Improves Stress-Level and Well-Being in German-Speaking Middle-Managers—A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 130. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010130Maharaj, S., Lees, T., & Lal, S. (2018). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a Cohort of Australian Nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 61. doi:10.3390/ijerph16010061Wong, V., & Au‐Yeung, T. C. (2018). Expediting youth’s entry into employment whilst overlooking precariousness: Flexi‐employability and disciplinary activation in Hong Kong. Social Policy & Administration, 53(5), 793-809. doi:10.1111/spol.12418Ronda, E., Briones-Vozmediano, E., Galon, T., García, A. M., Benavides, F. G., & Agudelo-Suárez, A. A. (2015). A qualitative exploration of the impact of the economic recession in Spain on working, living and health conditions: reflections based on immigrant workers’ experiences. Health Expectations, 19(2), 416-426. doi:10.1111/hex.12365Sorensen, G., Peters, S., Nielsen, K., Nagler, E., Karapanos, M., Wallace, L., … Wagner, G. R. (2019). Improving Working Conditions to Promote Worker Safety, Health, and Wellbeing for Low-Wage Workers: The Workplace Organizational Health Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1449. doi:10.3390/ijerph16081449Chambel, M. J., & Farina, A. (2015). HRM and temporary workers’ well-being: a study in Portugal and Brazil. Cross Cultural Management, 22(3), 447-463. doi:10.1108/ccm-07-2013-0105Lorente, L., Tordera, N., & Peiró, J. (2018). How Work Characteristics Are Related to European Workers’ Psychological Well-Being. A Comparison of Two Age Groups. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 127. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010127Meyer, S.-C., & Hünefeld, L. (2018). Challenging Cognitive Demands at Work, Related Working Conditions, and Employee Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2911. doi:10.3390/ijerph15122911Van Aerden, K., Puig-Barrachina, V., Bosmans, K., & Vanroelen, C. (2016). How does employment quality relate to health and job satisfaction in Europe? A typological approach. Social Science & Medicine, 158, 132-140. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.017Pieper, C., Schröer, S., & Eilerts, A.-L. (2019). Evidence of Workplace Interventions—A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3553. doi:10.3390/ijerph16193553Lopes, H., Lagoa, S., & Calapez, T. (2014). Work autonomy, work pressure, and job satisfaction: An analysis of European Union countries. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 25(2), 306-326. doi:10.1177/1035304614533868Curtarelli, M., Fric, K., Vargas, O., & Welz, C. (2014). Job quality, industrial relations and the crisis in Europe. International Review of Sociology, 24(2), 225-240. doi:10.1080/03906701.2014.933024Piasna, A. (2017). Scheduled to work hard: The relationship between non-standard working hours and work intensity among European workers (2005-2015). Human Resource Management Journal, 28(1), 167-181. doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12171Boada-Grau, J., Robert-Sentís, L., Gil-Ripoll, C., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2013). RL-14: Desarrollo, consistencia interna, fiabilidad y validez de una escala de riesgos laborales en lengua española. Anales de Psicología, 29(1). doi:10.6018/analesps.29.1.138021Bergström, O. (2018). Changing restructuring regimes in 11 European countries during and after the financial crisis. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 25(2), 95-111. doi:10.1177/0959680118770747Guest, D. E., & Isaksson, K. (2018). Temporary employment contracts and employee well-being during and after the financial crisis: Introduction to the special issue. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 40(2), 165-172. doi:10.1177/0143831x18804706Benavides, F. G. (2000). How do types of employment relate to health indicators? Findings from the Second European Survey on Working Conditions. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 54(7), 494-501. doi:10.1136/jech.54.7.494Artazcoz, L., Cortes, I., Puig-Barrachina, V., Benavides, F. G., Escriba-Aguir, V., & Borrell, C. (2013). Combining employment and family in Europe: the role of family policies in health. The European Journal of Public Health, 24(4), 649-655. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt170Bartoll, X., Cortès, I., & Artazcoz, L. (2014). Full- and part-time work: gender and welfare-type differences in European working conditions, job satisfaction, health status, and psychosocial issues. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 40(4), 370-379. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3429Muckenhuber, J., Burkert, N., Großschädl, F., & Freidl, W. (2014). Income Inequality as a Moderator of the Relationship between Psychological Job Demands and Sickness Absence, in Particular in Men: An International Comparison of 23 Countries. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e86845. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086845Statistical Office of the European Communities: EU Labour Force Survey http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/EU_labour_force_survey_-_methodologyLepold, A., Tanzer, N., Bregenzer, A., & Jiménez, P. (2018). The Efficient Measurement of Job Satisfaction: Facet-Items versus Facet Scales. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1362. doi:10.3390/ijerph15071362Schwendimann, R., Dhaini, S., Ausserhofer, D., Engberg, S., & Zúñiga, F. (2016). Factors associated with high job satisfaction among care workers in Swiss nursing homes – a cross sectional survey study. BMC Nursing, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12912-016-0160-8Dowler, K. (2005). Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Perception of Unfair Treatment: The Relationship Between Race and Police Work. Police Quarterly, 8(4), 476-489. doi:10.1177/1098611104269787Kinzl, J. F., Knotzer, H., Traweger, C., Lederer, W., Heidegger, T., & Benzer, A. (2005). Influence of working conditions on job satisfaction in anaesthetists. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 94(2), 211-215. doi:10.1093/bja/aei035Employment Conditions and Health Inequalities http://cdrwww.who.int/entity/social_determinants/resources/articles/emconet_who_report.pdfVan Aerden, K., Moors, G., Levecque, K., & Vanroelen, C. (2013). Measuring Employment Arrangements in the European Labour Force: A Typological Approach. Social Indicators Research, 116(3), 771-791. doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0312-0Brydsten, A., Hammarström, A., & San Sebastian, M. (2016). The impact of economic recession on the association between youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood: a difference-in-difference analysis from Sweden. BMC Public Health, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2917-0Wagenaar, A. F., Kompier, M. A. J., Houtman, I. L. D., Bossche, S. N. J., & Taris, T. W. (2012). Impact of Employment Contract Changes on Workers’ Quality of Working Life, Job Insecurity, Health and Work‐related Attitudes. Journal of Occupational Health, 54(6), 441-451. doi:10.1539/joh.12-0098-oaDe Moortel, D., Thévenon, O., De Witte, H., & Vanroelen, C. (2017). Working Hours Mismatch, Macroeconomic Changes, and Mental Well-being in Europe. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 58(2), 217-231. doi:10.1177/0022146517706532Angrave, D., & Charlwood, A. (2015). What is the relationship between long working hours, over-employment, under-employment and the subjective well-being of workers? Longitudinal evidence from the UK. Human Relations, 68(9), 1491-1515. doi:10.1177/0018726714559752Julià, M., Belvis, F., Vives, A., Tarafa, G., & Benach, J. (2018). Informal employees in the European Union: working conditions, employment precariousness and health. Journal of Public Health, 41(2), e141-e151. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy111Lofstrom, M. (2011). Does self-employment increase the economic well-being of low-skilled workers? Small Business Economics, 40(4), 933-952. doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9402-zHetschko, C. (2016). On the misery of losing self-employment. Small Business Economics, 47(2), 461-478. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9730-0Gevaert, J., Moortel, D. D., Wilkens, M., & Vanroelen, C. (2018). What’s up with the self-employed? A cross-national perspective on the self-employed’s work-related mental well-being. SSM - Population Health, 4, 317-326. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.001Bernhard-Oettel, C., Leineweber, C., & Westerlund, H. (2018). Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008–2010: Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 40(2), 215-237. doi:10.1177/0143831x18804648Sánchez-García, J. C., Vargas-Morúa, G., & Hernández-Sánchez, B. R. (2018). Entrepreneurs’ Well-Being: A Bibliometric Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01696Kamerāde, D., Wang, S., Burchell, B., Balderson, S. U., & Coutts, A. (2019). A shorter working week for everyone: How much paid work is needed for mental health and well-being? Social Science & Medicine, 241, 112353. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.06.006Taylor, J. (2016). Working Extra Hours in the Australian Public Service: Organizational Drivers and Consequences. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38(2), 193-217. doi:10.1177/0734371x16658335Seitz, J., & Rigotti, T. (2018). How do differing degrees of working-time autonomy and overtime affect worker well-being? A multilevel approach using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 32(3-4), 177-194. doi:10.1177/239700221878063

Safety culture in the Spanish nuclear power plants through the prism of high reliability organization, resilience and conflicting objectives theories

Safety culture is the result of values, attitudes, and perceptions of the members of an organization that prioritize safety over competing goals. Previous research has shown the impact that organizational aspects can have in safety performance. Under the prism of the theoretical approaches from the high reliability organizations theory (HROT), resilience engineering (RE), and conflicting objectives perspective, this study was aimed at describing the overall main safety culture traits of the Spanish nuclear power plants, as well as identifying particularities associated with subcultures. For this purpose, a statistical analysis of safety culture surveys and behavioral anchored rating scales (BARS), handed over to all the operating Spanish nuclear power plants, was carried out. Results reveal that safety is a recognized value that prevails over production, there is a high degree of standardization, power plants are better prepared to organize plans and strategies than to adapt and cope with the needs of a crisis, and there is a critical and fragmented perception about the processes of resources allocation. Findings also identify that sociodemographic aspects, such as work location and contractual relationship, seem to be shaping differentiated visions. Several safety implications linked to the results are discussed

Differences in picture naming between children with cochlear implants and children with typical hearing

Increase in the auditory abilities of children with cochlear implants (CIs) has led to an improvement in naming tasks, although divergent results are still being reported; this strongly suggests that further studies are needed. The study aims to compare the responses in a picture-naming activity between the complete population of children aged 5 to 7 with cochlear implants in Catalonia -Spain- (N = 31), without developmental problems, and a matched sample of 31 children with typical hearing. A picture-naming task was used to assess their lexical naming abilities. The results show that children with CIs provide more non-responses, they produce fewer words correctly, they require a longer reaction time and they commit more picture-naming errors than children with typical hearing. The auditory age does significantly affect the results, but not the type of implant. In spite of the hearing gain achieved with the cochlear implant and the listening experience progressively achieved in distinct contexts, further explicit work on lexical naming in speech-therapy intervention is clearly required. Picture naming, Cochlear implant, Childhood, Educatio

Tools to assess the measurement properties of quality of life instruments : a meta-review

Objective: This meta-review aims to discuss the methodological, research and practical applications of tools that assess the measurement properties of instruments evaluating Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) that have been reported in systematic reviews. Design: Meta-review. Methods: Electronic search from January 2008 to May 2020 was carried out on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, WoS, Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) database, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Results: A total of 246 systematic reviews were assessed. Concerning the quality of the review process, some methodological shortcomings were found, such as poor compliance with reporting or methodological guidelines. Regarding the procedures to assess the quality of measurement properties, 164 (66.6 %) of reviewers applied one tool at least. Tool format and structure differed across standards or scientific traditions (i.e. psychology, medicine and economics), but most assess both measurement properties and the usability of instruments. As far as the results and conclusions of systematic reviews are concerned, only 68 (27.5 %) linked the intended use of the instrument to specific measurement properties (e.g. evaluative use to responsiveness). Conclusions: The reporting and methodological quality of reviews have increased over time, but there is still room for improvement regarding adherence to guidelines. The COSMIN would be the most widespread and comprehensive tool to assess both the risk of bias of primary studies, and the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments for evaluative purposes. Our analysis of other assessment tools and measurement standards can serve as a starting point for future lines of work on the COSMIN tool, such as considering a more comprehensive evaluation of feasibility, including burden and fairness; expanding its scope for measurement instruments with a different use than evaluative; and improving its assessment of the risk of bias of primary studie

Revisiones Sistemáticas en Ciencias de la Salud

Translated title of the contribution: Systematic reviews in Health Science

Development and validation of the Adolescent Sexting Scale (A-SextS) with a Spanish sample

'Sexting' is generally defined as the exchange of sexual media content via the internet. However, research on this topic has underscored the need to seek greater consensus when considering different conceptual elements that make up this definition. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for measuring sexting among adolescents, in order to cover a gap identified in the previous literature. The Adolescent Sexting Scale (A-SextS for short) was developed for validation on a sample of 579 Spanish secondary school pupils between the ages of 11 and 18. Evidence for face, content, concurrent, and criterion validity were assessed. A comprehensive set of 64 items, covering six defining characteristics of sexting (e.g., actions, recipient, media format, degree of sexual explicitness), was constructed after conducting an extensive literature review, two discussion groups, and a pilot study. Sexting prevalence rates measured by A-SextS were mostly concurrent with those found in previous studies. A-SextS subscales produced statistically significant positive associations with pornography consumption and physical sexual intercourse. The study shows that A-SextS can be an integrating instrument that facilitates a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of adolescent sexting experiences, as well as the formulation of an operationalized definition of the practice of sextin