Development of a critical structure state alarm system based on the instrumentation of the Botafoc breakwater nº 8 caisson

Balearic Port Authority has developed an instrumentation system for the #8 caisson of the Botafoc breakwater that integrates 12 pressure sensors located at three surfaces, two in contact with the sea water and another with the bottom. This design was completed with an inertial system that measures the angular velocities and the accelerations over the three Cartesian axes. Consequently, the system measures actions (pressures) and reactions (movements and accelerations) experimented by the caisson, due to sea waves and/or other service loads. R+D department of the Port Authority and Polytechnic University of Madrid are working on two directions, the development of new theories on vertical breakwater design that go beyond Goda and Sainflou, and on the creation of a real-time critical structure alarm system, based on the instrumentation installed. This alarm system has two main parts: the instrumentation itself that collects data and processes it on real-time (the data processing compares the pressure law suffered by the caisson in every step process with the design critical state of the caisson, in this case the Goda pressure law for a 6.5 m wave), giving a security coefficient that points out the risk level on real-time; and the alarm system consisting of a monitoring panel located in the Port Control Center that shows the risk level and advises in case of an incidental evacuation of this critical portuary installation

Isolation of fetal liver oval cells in physiologic conditions form their natural niche

El hígado se caracteriza por poseer una notable capacidad de proliferar y autorregenerarse. En la situación de daño hepático leve o moderado la regeneración es llevada a cabo por los hepatocitos. Sin embargo, cuando el daño hepático es demasiado extenso y el número de hepatocitos maduros residuales no es suficiente como para producir la regeneración o cuando su proliferación está inhibida, la regeneración hepática depende de la activación de células troncales hepáticas, que dan origen a las células ovales. La población de células troncales hepáticas es escasa en el hígado normal y se considera que apenas supera el 1% del total de células en el hígado fetal. Por esta razón es necesario aislarlas y enriquecerlas para su estudio. Se han desarrollado con este fin modelos de daño hepático que permiten aislar células ovales luego de la inducción de daño hepático masivo. En este trabajo presentamos una metodología simple que permite aislar células ovales a partir de hígado fetal de rata sin previa inducción de daño hepático. El uso del antígeno específico de células ovales 2 (OC2) y antígeno específico de células ovales 3 (OC3) como marcadores moleculares permitió la caracterización altamente específica de esta población celular. Por otra parte, el cultivo in vitro en presencia de HGF condujo a un sustancial enriquecimiento de la población de células ovales.The liver is characterized by a remarkable ability to proliferate and self-renew. In the situation of mild or moderate liver damage, hepatocytes carry out regeneration. Nevertheless, when liver damage is far too much extensive and the number of residual mature hepatocytes is not enough to accomplish regeneration, or likewise when mature hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited, hepatic regeneration depends on the activation of liver stem cells that give rise to oval cells. The population of liver stem cells is scant in normal liver. It is considered that in fetal liver this population is just over 1% of the cells. For this reason, it is necessary to isolate and enrich them for their study. With this goal several models of hepatic damage that permit the isolation of oval cells af ter the induction of massive hepatic injure have been developed. Here we present a simple methodology that allows the isolation of oval cells from rat fetal liver without prior induction of liver damage. The use of oval cell 2 (OC2) and oval cell 3 (OC3) antigens as molecular markers allowed the highly precise characterization of this cell population. Furthermore, the in vitro culture in presence of HGF yielded a substantial enrichment of the oval cell population.Fil: Torres Fuenzalida, Jose Hugo. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castronuovo, Cynthia Celeste. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hidalgo, Alejandra. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Parada, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lorenti, Alicia. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Analysis of incidence of air quality on human health: a case study on the relationship between pollutant concentrations and respiratory diseases in Kennedy, Bogotá

[EN] Thousands of deaths associated with air pollution each year could be prevented by forecasting the behavior of factors that pose risks to people's health and their geographical distribution. Proximity to pollution sources, degree of urbanization, and population density are some of the factors whose spatial distribution enables the identification of possible influence on the presence of respiratory diseases (RD). Currently, Bogota is among the cities with the poorest air quality in Latin America. Specifically, the locality of Kennedy is one of the zones in the city with the highest recorded concentration levels of local pollutants over the last 10 years. From 2009 to 2016, there were 8619 deaths associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the locality. Given these characteristics, this study set out to identify and analyze the areas in which the primary socioeconomic and environmental conditions contribute to the presence of symptoms associated with RD. To this end, information collected in field by performing georeferenced surveys was analyzed through geostatistical and machine learning tools which carried out cluster and pattern analyses. Random forests and AdaBoost were applied to establish hot spots where RD could occur, given the conjugation of predictor variables in the micro-territory. It was found that random forests outperformed AdaBoost with 0.63 AUC. In particular, this study's approach applies to densely populated municipalities with high levels of air pollution. In using these tools, municipalities can anticipate environmental health situations and reduce the cost of respiratory disease treatments.Many thanks to the members of the Intelligence and Territorial Analysis Group of the Universidad Santo Tomás for their collaboration in conducting the fieldwork.Molina-Gomez, NI.; Calderón-Rivera, DS.; Sierra-Parada, R.; Díaz Arévalo, JL.; López Jiménez, PA. (2021). Analysis of incidence of air quality on human health: a case study on the relationship between pollutant concentrations and respiratory diseases in Kennedy, Bogotá. International Journal of Biometeorology. 65(1):119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01955-4S119132651Altman DG, Bland JM (1994) Diagnostic tests 3: receiver operating characteristic plots. BMJ 309(6948):188. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6948.188Billionnet C, Sherrill D, Annesi-Maesano I (2012) Estimating the health effects of exposure to multi-pollutant mixture. Ann Epidemiol 22:126–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2011.11.004Bobb JF, Valeri L, Claus Henn B, Christiani DC, Wright RO, Mazumdar M, Godleski JJ, Coull BA (2015) Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures. Biostatistics 16:493–508. https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxu058Borja-Aburto VH (2000) Ecological studies. Salud Publica Mex 42:533–538Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45:5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324CRAN Comprensive R Archive Network (2018) R-3.5.2 for Windows (32/64 bit). https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/3.5.2/. Accessed 10 June 2019. Accessed 10 Jun 2019DANE National Administrative Department of Statistics (2018) Multi-purpose survey -MS 2017. Bogotá, ColombiaDHS (2019) SALUDATA- Health Observatory of Bogota http://saludata.saludcapital.gov.co/osb/index.php/datos-de-salud/salud-ambiental/consultaurgencias14anios/. Accessed 11 April 2019. Accessed 11 April 2019Franceschi F, Cobo M, Figueredo M (2018) Discovering relationships and forecasting PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Bogotá, Colombia, using artificial neural networks, principal component analysis, and k-means clustering. Atmos Pollut Res 9:912–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.02.006Galindo WG (2013) Construction dynamics by use, the locality of Kennedy 2002/2012. 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Salud Publica Mex 42:447–455Huang K, Xiao Q, Meng X, Geng G, Wang Y, Lyapustin A, Gu D, Liu Y (2018) Predicting monthly high-resolution PM2.5 concentrations with random forest model in the North China plain. Environ Pollut 242:675–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.016IDEAM Institute of Hydrology,Meteorology and Environmental Studies (2016) State of air quality in Colombia, 2011–2015 Report. Bogotá D.C.Ivanov A, Voynikova D, Stoimenova M et al (2018) Random forests models of particulate matter PM10: a case study, in: AIP conference proceedings 2025, 030001. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064879Jenks GF (1967) The data model concept in statistical mapping. International Yearbook of Cartography 7:186–190Kami JA (2019) A random forest partition model for predicting NO2 concentrations from traffic flow and meteorological conditions. Sci Total Environ 651:475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.196Kassomenos P, Petrakis M, Sarigiannis D, Gotti A, Karakitsios S (2011) Identifying the contribution of physical and chemical stressors to the daily number of hospital admissions implementing an artificial neural network model. Air Qual Atmos Health 4:263–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-011-0139-2Kestenbaum B (2019) Epidemiology and biostatistics. Seattle, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96644-1Kuhn M, Johnson K (2016) Applied predictive modeling. New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6849-3Lazcano-Ponce E, Fernández E, Salazar-Martínez E, Hernández-Avila M (2000) Cohort studies. Methodology, biases and application. Salud Publica Mex 42:230–241Li S, Batterman S, Wasilevich E, Elasaad H, Wahl R, Mukherjee B (2011) Asthma exacerbation and proximity of residence to major roads: a population-based matched case-control study among the pediatric Medicaid population in Detroit, Michigan. Environ Health 10:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-34Jin L, Heap Andrew D (2014) Spatial interpolation methods applied in the environmental sciences: a review. Environ Model Softw 53:173–189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.12.008Ly S, Charles C, Degr A (2011) Geostatistical interpolation of daily rainfall at catchment scale: the use of several variogram models in the Ourthe and Ambleve catchments, Belgium. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15:2259–2274. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2259-2011MAVDT Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development (2010) Protocol for air quality monitoring. Bogota, ColombiaMazenq J, Dubus J-C, Gaudart J, Charpin D, Viudes G, Noel G (2017) City housing atmospheric pollutant impact on emergency visit for asthma: a classification and regression tree approach. Respir Med 132:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.09.004Pandey G, Zhang B, Jian L (2013) Predicting submicron air pollution indicators: a machine learning approach. Environ Sci Processes Impacts 15:996–1005. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em30890aPolezer G, Tadano YS, Siqueira HV, Godoi AFL, Yamamoto CI, de André PA, Pauliquevis T, Andrade MF, Oliveira A, Saldiva PHN, Taylor PE, Godoi RHM (2018) Assessing the impact of PM2.5 on respiratory disease using artificial neural networks. Environ Pollut 235:394–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.111Ramírez O, Sánchez de la Campa AM, Amato F, Catacolí RA, Rojas NY, de la Rosa J (2018) Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 at an urban background site in a high–altitude Latin American megacity (Bogota, Colombia). Environ Pollut 233:142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.045Reid CE, Jerrett M, Tager IB, Petersen ML, Mann JK, Balmes JR (2016) Differential respiratory health effects from the 2008 northern California wildfires: a spatiotemporal approach. Environ Res 150:227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2016.06.012Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Roa NY, Blanco-Becerra LC, Herrera-Galindo V, Fernández-Niño J (2018) Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory and circulatory morbidity in Colombia 2011−2014: a multi-city, time-series analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:2–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081610Rokach L, Maimon O (2015) Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications, 2nd edn. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, p 5Salam MT, Islam T, Gilliland FD (2008) Recent evidence for adverse effects of residential proximity to traffic sources on asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 14:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e3282f1987aSajjadia SA, Zolfagharib G, Adabc H et al (2017) Measurement and modeling of particulate matter concentrations: applying spatial analysis and regression techniques to assess air quality. MethodsX 4:372–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2017.09.006Schapire RE, Freund Y (2012) Boosting: foundations and algorithms, adaptive computation and machine learning. MIT Press, LondonSDA District Secretariat for the Environment (2017) Air quality annual report of Bogota, 2016. Bogotá, ColombiaSDP District Planning Secretariat (2018) Monograph 2017 assessment of the main territorial, infrastructure, demographic and socio-economic aspects of the locality of Kennedy 08. Bogotá, ColombiaValle Benavides AR del (2017) ROC curves (receiver-operating-characteristic) and their applications. Universidad de SevillaWeizhen H, Zhengqiang L, Yuhuan Z, et al (2014) Using support vector regression to predict PM10 and PM2.5, in: IOP conference series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/17/1/012268Westerlund J, Urbain JP, Bonilla J (2014) Application of air quality combination forecasting to Bogota. 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Assessing hydromorphological and floristic patterns along a regulated Mediterranean river : The Serpis River (Spain)

In the European context, several methodologies have been developed to assess the ecological status and, specifically, the hydromorphological status of running surface waters. Although these methodologies have been widely used, few studies have focused on hydrologically altered water bodies and the factors that may determine their status. In this study, the Serpis River was divided into 16 segments from the Beniarr'es dam (40 km from the river mouth) to the sea, all of which are affected by flow regulation, but with different severity. In each segment, an inventory of the flora was conducted, and hydromorphological indices (QBR, Riparian Habitat Quality Index; and IHF, River Habitat Index) were applied. The objectives of the study were (A) to identify relationships between floristic composition and QBR components and (B) between instream habitat characteristics and IHF components as well as (C) to determine the main factors controlling the floristic composition and riparian habitat quality (QBR) and the factors controlling instream habitat characteristics and heterogeneity (IHF). A cluster analysis allowed grouping sites according to their floristic composition and instream habitat characteristics, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to ordinate the sites, obtaining the biotic and instream habitat characteristics, as well as the QBR and IHF subindices, which better explained the spatial patterns. Finally, a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with predictor variables (geographical, hydrological, geomorphological and human pressures) indicated the main factors controlling the spatial patterns of the floristic composition, instreamhabitat characteristics, riparian habitat quality and instream habitat heterogeneity. A gradient of riparian and instream habitat quality was identified. Our results suggest that physical constraints (presence of a gorge) have protected sites from severe human impacts, resulting in good ecological quality, despite hydrological alteration. This area, where there is geomorphological control, could be potentially reclassified into a different ecotype because regular monitoring could be using incorrect references for index scores, and naturally high scores could be confused with recovery from hydrological alteration or other pressures. The sites with the worst quality were near the river mouth and were characterised by an artificial and highly variable flow regime (related to large autumnal floods and frequent human-induced periods of zero flow). This artificial flow variability as well as the presence of lateral structures in the river channel and geomorphological characteristics were identified as the main factors driving the hydromorphological and floristic pattern in this regulated river.Diversas metodologías han sido desarrolladas en el contexto europeo para evaluar el estado ecológico, y específicamente el estado hidromorfológico de las aguas superficiales. Aunque éstas han sido ampliamente utilizadas, pocos estudios se han centrado en masas de agua hidrológicamente alteradas y en los factores que condicionan su estado. En este estudio, el río Serpis fue dividido en 16 segmentos desde la presa de Beniarrés (a 40 km de la desembocadura) hasta el mar, todos ellos afectados por la regulación de caudales con distinta severidad. En cada segmento se realizó un inventario florístico y se aplicaron índices hidromorfológicos (QBR, Calidad del Bosque de Ribera, e IHF, Índice de Hábitat Fluvial). Los objetivos del estudio fueron (A) identificar relaciones entre la composición florística y los componentes del QBR, (B) entre las caracteríısticas del hábitat fluvial y los componentes del IHF, (C) determinar los principales factores que controlan la composición florística y la calidad del hábitat ripario (QBR), y las características del hábitat fluvial y su heterogeneidad (IHF). Un cluster permitió agrupar los puntos de muestreo según su composición florística y las características del hábitat fluvial, y un escalado multidimensional no-métrico (NMDS) fue usado para ordenar los puntos, obteniendo las variables bióticas y características del hábitat y los subindices del QBR e IHF, respectivamente, que explicaban mejor los patrones espaciales. Finalmente, un análisis de correspondencias canónicas (CCA) con variables predictoras (geográficas, hidrológicas, geomorfológicas y presiones humanas) indicó los principales factores que controlan los patrones espaciales de la composición florística, las características del hábitat fluvial, la calidad del hábitat ripario y la heterogeneidad del hábitat fluvial. Se identificó un gradiente de calidad del hábitat ripario y fluvial. Los resultados sugieren que las limitaciones físicas (presencia de un cañón) han protegido a los tramos de impactos humanos severos, resultando en una buena calidad ecológica a pesar de la alteración hidrológica. Esta zona podría potencialmente ser reclasificada en un ecotipo diferente, ya que un monitoreo regular podría estar usando referencias incorrectas para los índices y sus altas puntuaciones naturales se podrían estar confundiendo con una recuperación de la alteración hidrológica o de otras presiones. Los puntos de muestreo con peor calidad estuvieron cerca de la desembocadura y tuvieron un régimen de caudales alterado y muy variable. Esta variabilidad artificial del caudal, junto con la presencia de estructuras laterales en el cauce y las características geomorfológicas fueron identificadas como los principales factores determinantes del patrón hidromorfológico y florístico en este río regulado

Predictive factors for successful testicular biopsy

Introduction: Infertility, the inability to conceive, constitutes a major problem in modern societies. It affects 10 to 15 percent of couples in the United States. Evaluation of infertile men is usually complex and often demands a testicular biopsy. Materials and methods: We reviewed all azoospermic men submitted to testicular biopsy, in our center, during infertility investigation between January 2015 and December 2021. Results: A total of 117 patients with a mean age of 36.5 was considered. Biopsy was positive, as defined by the presence of viable spermatozoids by microscopy, in 48.7% of patients (n = 57). Patients were divided in two separate groups based on positive (PB) or negative biopsy (NB) and compared. PB-group had normal serum total testosterone levels and higher than NB-group (3.7 ng/mL vs. 2.85 ng/mL, p = 0.021), and normal serum FSH levels and lower than NB-group (6.0 mIU/mL vs. 16.0 mIU/mL, p < 0.001). The groups were similar concerning serum LH levels (3.9 mIU/mL vs. 6.3 mIU/mL, p = 0.343. Conclusions: Predicting outcomes of testicular biopsy is a difficult task. Our study found that men with normal testicular volume, normal levels of testosterone and FSH and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus had a higher probability of positive testicular biopsy

Análisis de movimientos y aceleraciones provocados por las acciones del oleaje y de los buques en el dique de Botafoc (Ibiza)

El reciente desarrollo de la instrumentación diseñada para proporcionar datos de aceleraciones y movimientos del cajón número 8 del dique Botafoc (Ibiza), perteneciente a la Autoridad Portuaria de Baleares (Puertos del Estado), en conjunción con datos procedentes de una instrumentación compuesta por sensores de presión existente en el paramento vertical, proporciona un novedoso medio para analizar la respuesta estructural del cajón, no sólo ante la acción del oleaje, sino también ante los efectos producidos por las maniobras de los buques en el muelle. Como la medición de estas aceleraciones y velocidades angulares se hace a altas frecuencias (de hasta 400 Hz), podemos proporcionar datos válidos acerca del comportamiento estructural y de los movimientos reales del cajón, tratando de correlacionar este comportamiento con los resultados obtenidos por el grupo de trabajo PROVERBS (Probabilistic design of vertical breakwaters, MAST III EU Programme), y generando una base de datos estadística de movimientos que deben considerarse para enriquecer los conocimientos en este ámbito. Además, la posibilidad de registrar los efectos causados por las maniobras de atraquedesatraque-estancia de los buques, abre un nuevo punto de vista al diseño estructural de un dique-muelle, siendo también de gran interés para los diseñadores de obras marítimas y para la correcta definición de las maniobras del buque en el muelle. The recent deployment of new instrumentation designed to provide accelerations and angular velocities from caisson #8 at Botafoc seawall, Ibiza, along with an existing pressure sensor instrumentation at the vertical wall, provides a way to record and process data of the structural response, not only to waves, but also to effects caused by ship mooring operations at Botafoc seawall. As the measurement of these angular speeds and accelerations is programmed with sampling frecuencies up to 400 Hz, and by integrating all data through time we may provide suitable data of the structural behaviour of the caisson. This behaviour is tried to be correlated with the PROVERBS working group achievements (Probabilistic design of vertical breakwaters, MAST III EU Programme), generating a statistical movement database that must be used to improve knowledge on this subject. Also the possibility to record the effects caused by the different ship mooring operations is a new point of view of the complete structural design of a seawall-wharf, which is considered an interesting matter for coastal designers as well for a correct ship mooring processes definition

Catálogo 2000: Informes y publicaciones de las Agencias Españolas de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias

La Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (AETS) tiene por objetivo facilitar información técnica relevante, basada en la evidencia científica, dentro del tiempo apropiado y contextualizada de forma que sea útil para la toma de decisiones por parte de clínicos, administradores y autoridades sanitarias, u otros operadores sanitarios, sean públicos o privados. Estos agentes se convierten así en usuarios de la ETS, por su necesidad de información sobre eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia de numerosos procedimiento, ya sean nuevos o formen parte de la práctica clínica habitual.Ficha técnica, Funciones, Objetivos, Clase de publicaciones Resúmenes de Informes Públicos de Evaluación, Posibles publicaciones para el año 2000. AATM: Ficha técnica, Introducción, Estructura Clase de publicaciones, Resúmenes de Informes Públicos de Evaluación Posibles publicaciones para el año 2000. AETSA: Ficha técnica, Introducción, Historia, Objetivos, Funciones, Estructura, Clase de publicaciones, Resúmenes de Informes Públicos de Evaluación, Posibles publicaciones para el año 2000. AVALIA-T: Ficha técnica, Creación de la Agencia, Resúmenes de Informes Públicos de Evaluación, Posibles publicaciones para el año 2000. OSTEBA: Ficha técnica, Introducción Actividad del Servicio, Redes de colaboración, Clase de publicaciones Resúmenes de Informes Públicos de Evaluación, Posibles publicaciones para el año 2000. Relación de Agencias internacionales de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias pertenecientes a INAHTA

Maquina Verde - El Arca Solar Decathlon Latin America & Caribbean 2019

The current supply of social housing in Latin American countries is often not adequate for the real needs of the population, generating situations of social conflict and permanent contraposition between the “formal” and the “informal” cities. The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana of Bogotá and the Politecnico di Torino participated together in the Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean 2019 competition with the project Máquina Ver-de - El Arca, a vivienda social thought for the informal neighborhood of El Pozón, located in the periphery of the Colombian city of Cartagena de Indias. The project is based on the reinterpretation of the Caribbean house, starting from a study of the user needs, integrating industrial technologies - like the steel frame- and artisanal technologies -such as the tejidos in the façade-, with a strategy to reduce the environmental impact of the building in its life cycle. In December 2019 Máquina Verde - El Arca was built and tested by the students and professors of the two universities during the final phase of the Solar Decathlon in Cali, Colombia. The collaboration in the international competition was born as an innovative training activity based on PBL (Problem Based Learning) and “learning by doing” methodologies and has evolved into a shared research about the issues of environmental, social and economic sustainability for the architecture of social interest of the Latin American cities

Fats and Oils from Diet: Considerations for its Consumption in Colombian Population

El 78 % de las muertes ocurridas en Colombia en 2019 se debieron a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. De estas, el 30 % se originaron por condiciones cardiovasculares que se explican principalmente por factores de riesgo como sedentarismo, tabaquismo y patrones de alimentación no saludables. El exceso de consumo de grasas provenientes de la dieta, especialmente saturadas y trans, está relacionado con diversos efectos negativos en salud. En la población colombiana, la ingesta de grasas está dada principalmente por el uso de aceites empleados en frituras y el consumo de productos comestibles ultraprocesados. La Ley 2120, aprobada en Colombia, establece la implementación de un sistema de etiquetado nutricional de advertencia de los principales nutrientes críticos, dentro de ellos de las grasas no saludables contenidas en exceso en comestibles envasados.Q4Población colombianaIn Colombia, 78% of deaths in 2019 were caused bynoncommunicable diseases. Around 30% correspond tocardiovascular causes. This is a multifactorial problem,involving a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and unhealthyeating habits. The surplus of fat consumption, especiallysaturated and trans fats, is related to various negativeimpacts on health. In the Colombian population, theintake of fats is mainly originated from oils employed infried cooking and ultra-processed products. The 2120 law,recently passed in the Colombian Congress, enforces thelabeling of packaged products, informing about criticalnutrients, including unhealthy fats contained in consumerpackaged goods.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5052https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-3893https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-312Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-1266https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-1541https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-6759https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0998-0821https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-8555https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-8610https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-356Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0283-794Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-9247https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-8726https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-3012Revista Nacional - IndexadaS

Safety and immunogenicity of the protein-based PHH-1V compared to BNT162b2 as a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine in adults vaccinated against COVID-19 : a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority phase IIb trial

A SARS-CoV-2 protein-based heterodimer vaccine, PHH-1V, has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in healthy young adults in a first-in-human, Phase I/IIa study dose-escalation trial. Here, we report the interim results of the Phase IIb HH-2, where the immunogenicity and safety of a heterologous booster with PHH-1V is assessed versus a homologous booster with BNT162b2 at 14, 28 and 98 days after vaccine administration. The HH-2 study is an ongoing multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority Phase IIb trial, where participants 18 years or older who had received two doses of BNT162b2 were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive a booster dose of vaccine-either heterologous (PHH-1V group) or homologous (BNT162b2 group)-in 10 centres in Spain. Eligible subjects were allocated to treatment stratified by age group (18-64 versus ≥65 years) with approximately 10% of the sample enrolled in the older age group. The primary endpoints were humoral immunogenicity measured by changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies (PBNA) against the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain after the PHH-1V or the BNT162b2 boost, and the safety and tolerability of PHH-1V as a boost. The secondary endpoints were to compare changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the T-cell responses towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein peptides. The exploratory endpoint was to assess the number of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥14 days after PHH-1V booster. This study is ongoing and is registered with , . From 15 November 2021, 782 adults were randomly assigned to PHH-1V (n = 522) or BNT162b2 (n = 260) boost vaccine groups. The geometric mean titre (GMT) ratio of neutralizing antibodies on days 14, 28 and 98, shown as BNT162b2 active control versus PHH-1V, was, respectively, 1.68 (p < 0.0001), 1.31 (p = 0.0007) and 0.86 (p = 0.40) for the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain; 0.62 (p < 0.0001), 0.65 (p < 0.0001) and 0.56 (p = 0.003) for the Beta variant; 1.01 (p = 0.92), 0.88 (p = 0.11) and 0.52 (p = 0.0003) for the Delta variant; and 0.59 (p ≤ 0.0001), 0.66 (p < 0.0001) and 0.57 (p = 0.0028) for the Omicron BA.1 variant. Additionally, PHH-1V as a booster dose induced a significant increase of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells expressing IFN-γ on day 14. There were 458 participants who experienced at least one adverse event (89.3%) in the PHH-1V and 238 (94.4%) in the BNT162b2 group. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain (79.7% and 89.3%), fatigue (27.5% and 42.1%) and headache (31.2 and 40.1%) for the PHH-1V and the BNT162b2 groups, respectively. A total of 52 COVID-19 cases occurred from day 14 post-vaccination (10.14%) for the PHH-1V group and 30 (11.90%) for the BNT162b2 group (p = 0.45), and none of the subjects developed severe COVID-19. Our interim results from the Phase IIb HH-2 trial show that PHH-1V as a heterologous booster vaccine, when compared to BNT162b2, although it does not reach a non-inferior neutralizing antibody response against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain at days 14 and 28 after vaccination, it does so at day 98. PHH-1V as a heterologous booster elicits a superior neutralizing antibody response against the previous circulating Beta and the currently circulating Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants in all time points assessed, and for the Delta variant on day 98 as well. Moreover, the PHH-1V boost also induces a strong and balanced T-cell response. Concerning the safety profile, subjects in the PHH-1V group report significantly fewer adverse events than those in the BNT162b2 group, most of mild intensity, and both vaccine groups present comparable COVID-19 breakthrough cases, none of them severe. HIPRA SCIENTIFIC, S.L.U