The development of self-regulated learning during the pre-clinical stage of medical school: a comparison between a lecture-based and a problem based curriculum

Society expects physicians to always improve their competencies and to be up to date with developments in their field. Therefore, an important aim of medical schools is to educate future medical doctors to become self-regulated, lifelong learners. However, it is unclear if medical students become better self-regulated learners during the pre-clinical stage of medical school, and whether students develop self-regulated learning skills differently, dependent on the educational approach of their medical school. In a cross-sectional design, we investigated the development of 384 medical students’ self-regulated learning skills with the use of the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale. Next, we compared this development in students who enrolled in two distinct medical curricula: a problem-based curriculum and a lectured-based curriculum. Analysis showed that more skills decreased than increased during the pre-clinical stage of medical school, and that the difference between the curricula was mainly caused by a decrease in the skill evaluation in the lecture-based curriculum. These findings seem to suggest that, irrespective of the curriculum, self-regulated learning skills do not develop during medical school

Contos e casos de tropeiros e ferreiros do Jequitinhonha

Este livro de contos e casos sobre o cotidiano dos tropeiros e dos ferreiros foi concebido no ?mbito do Projeto de Extens?o intitulado "Educa??o patrimonial com foco no Memorial do tropeiro e do Ferreiro", desenvolvido por docentes e discentes da UFVJM em 2021, e tem o objetivo de difundir informa??es e curiosidades sobre esses of?cios, de forma l?dica, descontra?da e atraente, para apoiar trabalhos de educa??o patrimonial tanto no Memorial como em escolas de Diamantina e regi?o. Para cada conto ou caso apresentado, foi feita uma proposta de tem?tica e de p?blico-alvo. Ao final do livro apresentamos um gloss?rio constru?do para explicar algumas palavras ligadas ao cotidiano das tropas e do of?cio de ferreiro, para facilitar o entendimento dos conte?dos aqui descritos. Al?m disso, apresentamos algumas propostas de atividades pedag?gicas relacionadas a esta tem?tica

Spatial flexibility options in electricity market simulation tools: Deliverable D4.3

Project TradeRES - New Markets Design & Models for 100% Renewable Power Systems: https://traderes.eu/about/ABSTRACT: Deliverable D4.3 addresses the spatial flexibility options that are being considered by TradeRES models. D4.3 presents a report describing the spatial flexibility-related modelling components that are already implemented and those that are being designed for integration in TradeRES agent-based models. This report includes the main definitions, concepts and terminology related to spatial flexibility, as means to support the presentation of the specific models that are being developed by the project, namely about flow based market coupling, market spliting, nodal pricing, dynamic line rating, cross border intraday market, cross border reserve market, cross border capacity market, consumer flexibility aggregation, renewable energy aggregation, storage aggregation, electric vehicle aggregation and grid capacity.N/

INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL GROUP COMPOSITION, PLANTATION SPACING AND ARRANGEMENT IN THE RESTORATION OF RIPARIAN FOREST ON RESERVOIR SHORES

This work aimed to assess the effect of spacing, arrangement and ecological group composition of planted seedlings on the restoration process of artificial reservoir shores in southeastern Brazil. The assessments were performed 12 years after the settlement of the experiment in which five mixed stand models were tested. First, a general evaluation of the stand was performed when we surveyed the overstory and understory, seed bank and soil for chemical analysis.Then, the restoration indicators survival of planted trees, basal area and density of the tree community, litter accumulated on the soil and canopy closure index were utilized to compare the plantation models and to assess the influence the experimental factors on these parameters. In the general analysis, we found that the studied stand presents low diversity, poor regeneration, and seed bank dominated mostly by one planted exotic tree species and weeds, which may jeopardize the selfmaintenance of the stand in the future. The factor that most influenced the models was the ecological group composition with the best performance found for models in which both pioneer and non-pioneer groups were used. Probably, the plantation arrangement and spacing did not have greater influence due to both plant mortality and natural regeneration that has developed to this age. Hence, it is not recommended the use of only pioneer species in the implantation of riparian forest and the proportion of 50% pioneers and 50% non-pioneers using as much species as possible is indicated for areas that might present constraints for the natural regeneration.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do espa\ue7amento, arranjo e composi\ue7\ue3o de grupos ecol\uf3gicos das mudas plantadas no processo de restaura\ue7\ue3o de margem de reservat\uf3rio artificial no sudeste do Brasil. As avalia\ue7\uf5es foram realizadas 12 anos ap\uf3s a implanta\ue7\ue3o do experimento em que cinco modelos de plantios mistos foram testados. Primeiramente, fez-se uma avali\ue7\ue3o geral do povoamento por meio de levantamentos do estrato arb\uf3reo, regenerante, banco de sementes e de an\ue1lise qu\uedmica e textural do solo. Em seguida, lan\ue7ou-se m\ue3o dos indicadores de recupera\ue7\ue3o sobreviv\ueancia das \ue1rvores plantadas, \ue1rea basal e densidade da comunidade arb\uf3rea, ac\ufamulo de serapilheira sobre o solo e \uedndice de fechamento do dossel para comparar os modelos e checar a influ\ueancia dos fatores experimentais nestes par\ue2metros. Como resultado da an\ue1lise geral, obteve-se que o povoamento encontra-se em situa\ue7\ue3o de baixa diversidade, com regenera\ue7\ue3o deficiente e banco de sementes dominado majoritariamente por uma esp\ue9cie arb\uf3rea ex\uf3tica utilizada no plantio e esp\ue9cies herb\ue1ceas invasoras, o que pode comprometer a automanuten\ue7\ue3o do povoamento no futuro. O fator que mais influenciou os modelos foi a composi\ue7\ue3o de grupos ecol\uf3gicos com os melhores resultados apresentados pelos modelos em que se usaram ambos os grupos das pioneiras e n\ue3o pioneiras. Provavelmente, o arranjo e o espa\ue7amento de plantio n\ue3o tiveram muita influ\ueancia devido \ue0 mortalidade das mudas e \ue0 regenera\ue7\ue3o natural que se desenvolveu at\ue9 esta idade. Assim, recomenda-se que na implanta\ue7\ue3o de povoamentos para reconstitui\ue7\ue3o de matas ciliares n\ue3o sejam utilizadas apenas esp\ue9cies pioneiras e sugere-se que a propor\ue7\ue3o de 50% de esp\ue9cies pioneiras e 50% de n\ue3o pioneiras, com o maior n\ufamero poss\uedvel de esp\ue9cies, seja utilizada em \ue1reas com defici\ueancia da regenera\ue7\ue3o natural

Eucalyptus CLONES VERSUS CELLULOSIC PULP PRODUCTION

A qualidade da madeira \ue9 definida pelas combina\ue7\uf5es entre as diversas caracter\uedsticas intr\uednsecas da \ue1rvore em fun\ue7\ue3o do seu uso. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar essas caracter\uedsticas na madeira de clones de Eucalyptus visando \ue0 produ\ue7\ue3o de polpa celul\uf3sica kraft de qualidade. Foram usados 15 clones, duas \ue1rvores de cada clone, num total de trinta \ue1rvores, todos com idades de 5,8 anos. As caracter\uedsticas avaliadas na madeira foram densidade b\ue1sica, dimens\uf5es das fibras (comprimento da fibra, espessura de parede, di\ue2metro do l\ufamen) e composi\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica (teor de celulose, lignina, hemicelulose, extrativos e cinzas). Foram realizados quatro cozimentos Kraft para cada \ue1rvore, utilizando diferentes cargas de \ue1lcali ativo, para estabelecer a curva de deslignifica\ue7\ue3o da amostra. Essas cargas de \ue1lcali foram selecionadas ap\uf3s realiza\ue7\ue3o de cozimentos explorat\uf3rios, objetivando obten\ue7\ue3o de n\ufamero kappa pr\uf3ximo a 18 na parte mediana da curva. Nos cozimentos, foram avaliados o rendimento depurado, a viscosidade da polpa celul\uf3sica e o \ue1lcali consumido. Os resultados de rendimento variaram de 43,4 a 52,0 %, o teor de \ue1lcali ativo utilizado de 17,5 a 23,4 %, o \ue1lcali consumido de 15,5 a 20,0% e a viscosidade de 19,9 a 61,4 cP.The wood quality is defined by combining several intrinsic characteristics of the tree to its use. This research aimed to evaluate some of the wood characteristics of Eucalyptus clones and its performance in kraft pulping. Fifteen clones, 5.8 years-old were used, two trees from each clone, totaling thirty trees. The evaluated wood characteristics were: basic density, fiber dimensions (fiber length, wall thickness, lumen diameter) and chemical composition (cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, extractives and ash contents). Four samples were cooked at the laboratory for each tree, using different active alkali, to establish the delignification curve. These alkali loads were selected after exploratory cooking to obtain an eighteen kappa number at the medium point of the curve. In the cooking were appraised the screened, the pulp viscosity and consumed alkali. The yield results varied from 43.4 to 52.0%, the active alkali from 17.5 to 23.4%, the consumed alkali from 15.5 to 20.0% and the pulp viscosity from 19.9 to 61.4 cP

Influence of harvest season and maturation of different sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars on the chemical composition of alembic Brazilian sugarcane spirit.

Contrary to the ethanol industrial production, the quality and composition of sugar cane as raw material for the production of alembic cacha?a have until now not been completely addressed. This work evaluated the influence of five different sugarcane cultivars and degree of maturation over the physicochemical composition of cacha?a produced under strict controlled conditions. Three harvest seasons were used in order to obtain different stages of maturation. The sugarcane quality was assessed by the juice brix, sugarcane POL, reducing sugars, and purity. The cultivars quality did not differ within each harvest stage. However, significant quality differences were observed among sugarcane harvested in June and the other harvest months, particularly on reducing sugar content. This indicates different stages of sugarcane maturation. The 45 samples of cacha?a produced from those sugarcanes were submitted to physicochemical and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) qualitative analysis. The GC/MS composition pattern showed that the type of cultivar did not alter the composition of the cacha?a at the same harvest stage. Otherwise, the production of acetic acid, ethyl lactate and nbutyl alcohol was higher in the first harvest (June) when compared to the others. The results from sugar cane quality and GC/MS when submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed consistently the separation between the groups of cacha?a produced in the three seasons, indicating the influence of sugarcane ripening over the cacha?a composition

Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) phenomenon favors the accumulation of tartar emetic in pegylated liposomes in BALB/c mice liver.

Tartar emetic (TE) was the first drug used to treat leishmaniasis.However, its use was discontinued due to high toxicity. Association of TE with liposomes is a strategy to reduce its side effects. Pegylated liposomes (Lpeg) present lower rates of uptake by macrophages and prolonged circulation compared to their nonpegylated counterparts. However, repeated administration of Lpeg can cause an Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) phenomenon, whereby recognition of liposomes by antibodies results in faster phagocytosis. Thiswork evaluated the effect of TE administration on histopathological aspects and the effect of the ABC phenomenon on targeting and toxicity in mice. Our results show that treatment with free or liposomal TE had no effect on the erythrocyte count, on liver and spleen weight, and on hepatic, splenic, and cardiac histology in mice. Severe lesions were observed on the kidneys of animals treated with a single dose of free TE. Treatment with TE in Lpeg after induction of ABC phenomenon caused a significant increase in Sb level in the liver without toxicity. Furthermore, mice treated with TE in liposomes showed normal renal histopathology. These results suggest site-specific targeting of Sb to the liver after induction of ABC phenomenon with no toxicity to other organs

MAGABEIRA LATEX PRODUCTION EVALUATION IN CERRADO REGION OF GOI\uc1S

O l\ue1tex de mangabeira, planta nativa do cerrado, apresenta potencial biotecnol\uf3gico para desenvolvimento de novos f\ue1rmacos. Pouco se sabe sobre os m\ue9todos de coleta e produtividade de l\ue1tex em mangabeira, a qual vem sendo explorada comercialmente para produ\ue7\ue3o de frutos de modo principalmente extrativista. Buscando informa\ue7\uf5es sobre a utiliza\ue7\ue3o do l\ue1tex de mangabeira foi avaliada, nesse trabalho, a produtividade do l\ue1tex associada aos m\ue9todos de sangria; \ue0s condi\ue7\uf5es ambientais; \ue0s caracter\uedsticas sazonais e anat\uf4micas dessa esp\ue9cie. Como resultado observou-se que o m\ue9todo de coleta utilizado comumente em seringueira n\ue3o \ue9 apropriado para mangabeira, sendo a sangria feita com fac\ue3o na regi\ue3o do caule o m\ue9todo mais produtivo. Em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 anatomia da casca, a espessura, a posi\ue7\ue3o e o n\ufamero de vasos lact\uedferos influenciam na produ\ue7\ue3o. Resultados tamb\ue9m mostraram que a casca de mangabeira \ue9 espessa e que o n\ufamero de vasos lact\uedferos \ue9 superior na regi\ue3o interna, evidenciando que sangrias utilizando cortes superficiais n\ue3o s\ue3o eficientes, pois n\ue3o atingem os vasos lact\uedferos. Tamb\ue9m, foi observado que o aumento da temperatura ambiental tem influ\ueancia positiva na produtividade do l\ue1tex e que na \ue9poca da frutifica\ue7\ue3o a produ\ue7\ue3o de l\ue1tex \ue9 significativamente inferior. Isso provavelmente ocorre porque a planta utiliza uma parcela dos seus metab\uf3litos secund\ue1rios para forma\ue7\ue3o do fruto, gerando uma menor disponibilidade desses metab\uf3litos para a produ\ue7\ue3o de l\ue1tex.The mangabeira latex, plant native from Cerrado, shows biotechnological potential for the development of new drugs. Little is known about the latex productivity and bleeding methods in mangabeira, which is usually utilized in extractive way for fruit production. Aiming to broaden the knowledge about mangabeira latex production it was evaluated the productivity associated with bleeding methods; environmental conditions; anatomical aspects from the bark and seasonal properties. As results it was observed that the bleeding method commonly used in rubber tree is not appropriated to mangabeira; the most productive bleeding method was using a knife in stalk region. The bark thickness and lactiferous vessels number are associated with latex production. Anatomical analysis showed that the bark in mangabeira is thick and the lactiferous vessels are deeply localized, in this way some superficial bleeding methods are not able to reach the vessels. It was also observed that the increase in environmental temperature has a positive influence on the productivity of latex and that during the fruiting time the latex production is significantly lower. This probably occurs because the plant uses part of the secondary metabolites for fruit formation, which reduced the availability of these metabolites to latex production

Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin

Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals

Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity—affected by avoidance of habitat edges—should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species’ evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world’s tropical forests