Las Hermandades Sindicales de Labradores y Ganaderos (1942-1977). Del análisis franquista a la historiografía actual

This article analyses the literature on Hermandades Sindicales de Labradores y Ganaderos. This topic has been ignored in most studies on the Spanish agrarian sector during the Franco's dictatorship, but nowadays it is arousing widespread interest. The paper is organised in three sections. The first analyses the contributions reported prior to 1975. Critical works written in the 1960s and 1980s are commented in the second section. The third section considers recent studies of local nature. The survey focuses on the explanations scholars have given about the origins of these inter-classist institutions and their effects on the rural world. Hermandades have been considered an instrument of great landowners and of support to Franco's regime. Some studies, without disagreeing with these considerations, conclude that Hermandades also favoured small farmers and rural workers' interests

Bibliografía Herediana I: estudios generales y trayectoria vital

Primera parte de la Bibliografía Herediana dedicada a consignar los principales estudios en torno a la vida y legado cultural y patrimonial de Juan Fernández de Heredia (¿Munébrega, 1310? – Aviñón, 1396)

Las cooperativas en el marco de las hermandades sindicales (Albacete, 1939-1959)

Este articulo trata de observar los problemas de las cooperativas y Grupos de Colonización en Albacete desde su origen en los cuarenta hasta que cobran fuerza en la década siguiente. Frente a un cooperativismo inicial de adquisición de insumos, en los cincuenta el movimiento se transforma, centrándose básicamente en la elaboración y comercialización de vino y aceite y en la adopción de servicios diversos. Varios problemas actúan, sin embargo, como barreras inmediatas o como elementos que siembran desconfianza en la base social. La documentación consultada permite observar, a través de juicios genéricos y casos concretos, problemas en la gestión de algunas entidades, en la autonomía y coordinación general del movimiento y en la ayuda financiera. También permite advertir la oposición al movimiento de intereses contrarios, el dominio de particularismos y la conversión de algunas de estas entidades, con las hermandades sindicales, en piezas de un nuevo mecanismo caciquil.This article centres on the problems of cooperatives and colonization groups in Albacete from their origins in the 1940s until their consolidation in the following decade. Whereas cooperativism was initially based on the acquisition of inputs, the activities of the movement centred on the production and commercialization of wine and oil and the adoption of a range of services in the 1950s . A variety of problems, however, led to mistrust among the social base of the movements. The general statements and specific cases reported in the documents consulted reveal problems in the management of certain entities, in the autonomy and general coordination of the movement, and in the provision of financial aid. The sources also suggest opposition to the movement from rival groups, the predominance of individual interests, and the conversion of some of these entities, with the trade union movement, into elements at the service of traditional caciques, or local political bosses

The Role of Digital Literacy in the Employability of Older Workers

Con la llegada del anunciado envejecimiento de la población, los conceptos de envejecimiento activo y formación permanente son parte de las agendas de los países miembros de la Unión Europea en la lucha contra el desempleo que sufren los trabajadores mayores de 55 años. Este estudio presenta una parte de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de las transiciones laborales por las que pasan los trabajadores mayores en la actualidad; prestando especial atención a las relaciones que existen entre el nivel de alfabetización digital que poseen y su nivel de empleabilidad dentro del mercado de trabajo.Announced the arrival of an aging population, the concepts of active ageing and lifelong learning are part of the agendas of the member countries of the European Union in the fight against unemployment suffered by workers over 55 years old. This research presents some of the results obtained in the analysis of labor transitions that the older workers living today; it gives special attention to the relationships between the level of digital literacy that they own and their level of employability in the labor market.Ministerio de Economía y Competencia. Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovació

América Latina en la enseñanza española durante el siglo XX. Aspectos económicos y sociales

En este trabajo se observa el tratamiento recibido por América Latina en los libros de texto de geografía y de historia durante el siglo XX en España. Para ello, se consideran las distintas coyunturas políticas y los sucesivos niveles educativos. Principalmente, se intentan valorar los enfoques vertidos sobre aspectos económicos y sociales en las dos fases más consideradas en los libros: la época colonial y el periodo coetáneo a los autores. Se distingue la variedad de posturas que se desarrolló en los contenidos en función, principalmente, de las ideas difundidas sobre la hispanidad y del interés en los problemas económicos y sociales actuales. Para valorar mejor esa variedad de posturas en el tiempo, se comentan brevemente algunos enfoques en determinados libros escolares y en textos universitarios.This paper focuses on the treatment received by Latin American countries in textbooks of geography and history during the 20th century in Spain. To do so different political situations and successive educational levels are considered. Primarily, two contexts are distinguished to assess discharges on economic and social issues: the colonial era and the contemporary period of the authors. A number of postures that were developed in the content of the textbooks is discussed, and they are mainly related to disseminated ideas about Hispanity and interest in current economic and social problems. For a better understanding of the different positions over time, some approaches are briefly discussed in particular school books and university textbooks

Magnetized, Relativistic Jets

Extragalactic relativistic jets are composed by charged particles and magnetic fields, as inferred from the synchrotron emission that we receive from them. The Larmor radii of the particles propagating along the magnetic field are much smaller than the scales of the problem, providing the necessary coherence to the system to treat is as a flow. We can thus study them using relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. As a first step, we have studied the structure of steady-state configurations of jets by using numerical simulations. We have used a helical field configuration and have changed different relevant parameters that control the way in which the energy flux is distributed in jets (namely, the proportion of the energy flux carried by internal, kinetic or magnetic energy). Our results show significant differences among the different kinds of jets. Finally, we also report on results based on synthetic maps of our simulated jets.Comment: Submitted for publication in Proceedings of Science, as contribution to the proceedings of the XII Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources Workshop, held in Palermo, 12-17 June 201

Qanates, cimbres and mined in the valley of the Almanzora (Southeast of Spain)

Los sistemas de captación de freáticos próximos a la superficie, mediante la técnica del pozo horizontal cubierto (qanates, cimbras y minados), están muy extendidos en medios semiáridos como el Valle del Almanzora. En Octubre de 2001, la Junta Central de Usuarios de Aguas del Valle del Almanzora, en el inventario de comunidades de regantes, reflejaba como recursos propios la captación de agua por 4 cimbras, 75 pozos y 1 desaladora en el Bajo Almanzora; de 12 pozos, 7 cimbras y 8 fuentes en el Medio Almanzora; y de 9 pozos, 2 cimbras y 8 fuentes en el Alto Almanzora. Estos recursos propios de las cimbras habían mantenido unos espacios de regadío tradicional, con variaciones significativas en los volúmenes captados según la sucesión de lluvias y sequías. En los últimos años asegurar los abastecimientos y la ampliación de los espacios regados ha sido posible gracias a la apertura de multitud de pozos, a la traída de caudales foráneos (Trasvase Tajo-Segura y Conexión Negratín-Almanzora), y a la puesta en marcha de varias desaladoras. El objeto de este trabajo es descubrir y explicar el estado de la relación oferta de recursos-demandas de agua, desde el análisis geográfico regional de un espacio como el Valle del Almanzora en el Sureste de España.The reception systems of phreatic close to the surface, using the technique of the covered horizontal well (qanates, cimbres and mined), are really extended in semiarid means like the Vale of the Almanzora. In October, 2001, the Central Meeting of water Users of the Vale of the Almanzora, in the inventory of communities of resackcloths, was reflecting like own funds the water reception for 4 cimbras, 75 wells and 1 desalination plant in Low Almanzora; of 12 wells, 7 cimbras and 8 sources in the Way Almanzora; and of 9 wells, 2 cimbras and 8 sources in the High place Almanzora. These own funds of the cimbras had maintained a few spaces of traditional irrigation, with significant changes in the volumes received according to the sequency of rains and droughts. In the last years, to make sure the supplyings and the enlargement of the watered spaces, it has been possible thanks to the opening of multitude wells and the water brought from foreign water flows (I transferred Tagus – Segura and Connection Negratín-Almanzora), as well as to the starting of several desalination plants. The object of this work is to discover and to explain the state of the relation offers of water resources – demands, from the regional geographical analysis of a space like the Vale of the Almanzora in the Southeast of Spain.Proyecto 17.587. «Eficiencia y sostenibilidad en el uso del agua en las zonas regables del Trasvase Negratín-Almanzora: Modernización de regadíos»

Negotiation of meaning in outside of the classroom group assignments: accounting for the how to understand the what of future mathematics teachers' learning

In this paper we illustrate how Wenger’s theory of social learning can be used to account for phenomena of future teachers change in settings that are not usually studied, namely group work that future teachers do as they work on class assignments outside of class. We describe how we adapted Wenger’s theory to the exploration of future mathematics teachers’ learning and illustrate how the analysis of the audio taped interaction of a group of future teachers working out-side the classroom generated conjectures that help to explain their didactic knowledge development