Cárie dentária e desigualdades socioeconômicas no Brasil

O estudo dos determinantes sociais dos processos de saúde e doença da população é um importante campo da Saúde Coletiva, indicando que o entendimento desses fatores favorece ações concretas de cuidado e respostas às necessidades de saúde, principalmente na promoção, prevenção, tratamento e recuperação da saúde, aumenta a redução de vulnerabilidades, de iniquidades em saúde e promove justiça social. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos verificar a evolução dos indicadores socioeconômicos e de cárie dentária aos 5 e 12 anos de idade, ocorrida no Brasil entre os anos 2000 e 2010. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo ecológico de caráter exploratório envolvendo dados secundários oficiais coletados dos inquéritos populacionais em Saúde Bucal, dos anos de 2003 e 2010, e do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil 2013. Os resultados mostraram que entre os anos 2000 e 2010 houve melhora significativa em todos os indicadores socioeconômicos estudados em todas as regiões administrativas. Neste mesmo período, também houve melhora significante nos índices de ocorrência de cárie dentária nas faixas etárias estudadas e em todas as regiões do Brasil. Os indicadores analisados podem contribuir na elaboração de modelos de decisão em saúde, na explicação dos processos organizativos e da desigualdade na oferta de serviços e recursos humanos em saúde bucal no Brasil

Pre-operative sera levels of CEA and CA19-9 and tissular distribution of tumor marker CA19-9 in colorectal carcinoma: correlation with morphological features of neoplasia

OBJETIVO: Comparar os níveis séricos de CA19-9 e CEA e a expressão tecidual do CA19-9 e relacioná-los com os aspectos morfológicos do carcinoma colorretal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco pacientes com carcinoma colorretal foram operados com coleta de CEA e CA19-9 séricos pré-operatórios. Valores séricos de CEA = 5,0ng/mL e de CA19-9 = 37UI/mL foram considerados aumentados. A avaliação da imunoexpressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico foi realizada por meio de estudo imunoistoquímico com anticorpo monoclonal anti-CA19-9. A intensidade de expressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico foi semiquantificada em leve(+/+++), moderada(++/+++), intensa(+++/+++) e ausente. RESULTADOS: Os valores do CA19-9 sérico foram progressivamente maiores conforme o aumento da expressão do CA19-9 no tecido neoplásico, porém sem significância (p=0,06). O aumento do nível sérico do CA19-9 foi acompanhado de elevação significante (p<0,001) do nível sérico do CEA. O nível sérico do CA19-9, a imunoexpressão tecidual do CA19-9 e o nível sérico do CEA não apresentaram associação significante com características morfológicas do carcinoma colorretal. CONCLUSÃO: As expressões sérica e tissular do CA19-9 demonstraram relação diretamente proporcional entre si, enquanto que os aspectos morfológicos da neoplasia não tiveram influência no CEA e CA19-9 séricos ou na imunoexpressão do CA19-9 tissular.OBJECTIVE: To compare sera levels of CEA and CA19-9 and tissular expression of the CA19-9 and to correlate these with morphological features of the colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: Forty five patients with colorectal carcinoma underwent surgical treatment following measurement of pre-operative levels of CA19-9 and CEA. Sera levels of CEA = 5.0ng/ml and CA19-9 = 37UI were deemed high values. Evaluation of CA19-9 immunoexpression in neoplastic tissue was carried through by means of immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody anti-CA19-9. The intensity of expression of CA19-9 in neoplastic areas was semi-quantified in each area of tumor differentiation into mild(+/+++), moderate(++/+++), intense(+++/+++) or absent. RESULTS: Sera CA19-9 values were progressively higher in the presence of elevated CA19-9 immunoexpression in colorectal carcinoma tissue, although not significant (p=0.06). Increased sera CA19-9 levels were found to be associated with significantly elevated (p<0.001) sera CEA levels. Levels of sera CA19-9, tissular immunoexpression of CA19-9 and sera levels of CEA presented no significant association with morphological features of the colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Sera and tissular levels of the CA19-9 marker exhibited, each other, a directly proportional relationship. The morphological features of the neoplasia had no influence on sera CEA or CA19-9 levels or tissular immunoexpression of CA19-9

Acción gen asociado con la expresión de heterosis en Jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi.)

The objectives of this work were to assess heterosis and its components in F 1 hybrids of a diallel cross among lines of scarlet eggplants (Solanum gilo Raddi, syn. S. aeth opicum L.), and to study the modes of gene action associated with its expression. Six lines (Morro Redondo, Branco Comprido, BGH-1544, Tinguá, Irajá, Comprido Verde Claro) and 15 hybrids resulting from a diallel cross among them (reciprocals excluded) were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Traits under study were total yield, mean fruit mass and fruit length/diameter ratio. There was no evidence of epistatic gene action in the expression of any of the traits under study. Heterosis for yield could be explained by overdominance, but higher yields were only weakly associated with larger frequencies of dominant alleles an indication that yields may be markedly influenced by the action of relatively few loci with overdominant gene action. Heterosis for mean fruit mass was associated with incompletely dominant gene action, and larger fruit mass was associated with larger proportions of dominant alleles.Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar la heterosis y sus componentes en los híbridos F 1 de una dialélico entre líneas de jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi, syn. S. aethiopicum L.), y el estudio de los modos de acción de los genes asociados con su expresión. Seis líneas (Morro Redondo, Branco Comprido, BGH-1544, Tinguá, Irajá, Comprido Verde Claro) y 15 híbridos resultantes de un cruce dialélico entre ellos (recíprocos excluídos) se pusieron a prueba en un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorio con cuatro repeticiones. Los rasgos estudiados fueron producción total, peso promedio del fruto y la relación longitud/diámetro. No hubo evidencia de la acción de genes epistatic en la expresión de cualquiera de los rasgos en estudio. Para la producción total, la heterosis se explica por la acción de genes overdominance, ya que había una asociación débil, no significativa, entre los alelos dominantes y los valores de producción de frutas altas totales. La heterosis de masa media de la fruta se asoció con la acción del gen dominante incompleto, y la masa da fruta más grande se asoció con una mayor proporción de alelos dominantes. Para la relación longitud/diámetro (LD-1), la heterosis fue debida a la acción del gen dominante incompleto, y alelos dominantes se asociaron principalmente con menores valores LD-1.Fil: Matos Andrade, Thiago. Universidad Federal de Sergipe (Brasil)Fil: Lasmar, André. Universidad Federal de Lavras (Brasil)Fil: Maluf, Wilson Roberto. Universidad Federal de Lavras (Brasil)Fil: Gomes, Luiz Antonio Augusto. Universidad Federal de Lavras (Brasil)Fil: Gonçalvez, Ranoel José Souza de. Universidad Federal de Campina Grande (Brasil)Fil: Fitzgerald Blank, Arie. Universidad Federal de Sergipe (Brasil

Influência das comorbidades para a ocorrência de óbitos por COVID-19 em 2020: razão de chances no estado do Amazonas

Introduction: The Sars-CoV-2 virus, from the coronavirus family, was discovered in December 2019 in China, in the city of Wuhan, the initial focus of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 caused several deaths worldwide and the presence of comorbidities was associated with an increase in these occurrences. Objective: use Data Science tools to analyze whether COVID-19 in Amazonas increased the risk of death in patients who developed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and concomitantly had some associated comorbidity. Material and methods: retrospective observational study of the paired case-control type based on SARS data available by the Ministério da Saúde in OpenDATASUS, using the Python programming language and the pandas library. Results: There were 17,924 cases of COVID-19 in 2020 in Amazonas, of these 5,882 patients died. Among the cases of deaths resulting from COVID-19, it was found that 68.74% had some associated comorbidity. When comparing groups according to exposure and occurrence of outcome, it was found that exposure to COVID-19 in patients with associated comorbidities increased the risk of death, except when Down syndrome was present. The most prevalent comorbidity among COVID-19 cases was chronic cardiovascular disease (47.84%) and the most lethal was chronic kidney disease (62.23%). Conclusion: this study demonstrated that the involvement by COVID-19 increased the chance of deaths in individuals with comorbidities who developed SARS in 2020 in Amazonas, in addition to show the negative impact of cardiovascular events on the progression of COVID-19.Introdução: O vírus Sars-CoV-2 da família dos coronavírus foi descoberto em dezembro de 2019 na República Popular da China, na cidade de Wuhan, foco inicial da pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Essa doença ocasionou diversos óbitos mundialmente e a presença de comorbidades foi associada com o aumento dessas ocorrências. Objetivo: Utilizar ferramentas de Data Science para analisar se o acometimento por COVID-19 no Amazonas aumentava o risco de ocorrência de óbitos em pacientes que desenvolveram síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) e concomitantemente apresentavam alguma comorbidade associada. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo do tipo caso-controle pareado a partir de dados de SRAG disponíveis no OpenDataSUS, pelo Ministério da Saúde, utilizando linguagem de programação Python e a biblioteca Pandas. Resultados: Constatou-se 17.924 casos de COVID-19 em 2020 no Amazonas, desses 5.882 pacientes vieram a óbito. Dentre os casos de óbitos decorrente de COVID-19, verificou-se que 68,74% apresentavam alguma comorbidade associada. Ao comparar os grupos de acordo com a exposição e a ocorrência de desfecho, verificou-se que a exposição à COVID-19 em pacientes com comorbidades associadas aumentou o risco para ocorrência de óbitos, exceto quando presente síndrome de Down. A comorbidade mais prevalente entre os casos de COVID-19 foi a doença cardiovascular crônica (47,84%) e a mais letal foi a doença renal crônica (62,23%). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o acometimento por COVID-19 aumentou a chance de ocorrência de óbitos em indivíduos com comorbidades que desenvolveram SRAG em 2020 no Amazonas, além de explicitar o impacto negativo dos acometimentos cardiovasculares sobre a progressão da COVID-19

Erros de prescrição de medicamentos no âmbito hospitalar dos analgésicos opioides: revisão sistêmica / Medication prescription errors in the hospital setting in opioid analgesics: systemic review

INTRODUÇÃO:  Entre os erros de medicação encontra-se o erro de prescrição que, se não corrigido a tempo, resulta em consequências danosas para os pacientes. A prescrição deve ser apropriada, com doses adequadas em intervalos bem definidos nos parâmetros internos, durante o tempo indicado de tratamento e é necessário garantir que os medicamentos sejam seguros, eficazes e com qualidade. OBJETIVO: Esse trabalho teve o intuito de analisar como ocorre os erros de prescrição no âmbito hospitalar, dando ênfase em medicamentos da classe dos analgésicos opioides. MÉTODOS: Estudo de revisão sistêmica da literatura utilizando-se como bases de dados principais Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), A Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (BVS), United States National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PUBMED). O período analisado foi entre 2002 e 2021. Foram aplicados critérios do PRISMA para redigir o relatório de revisão. Serão incluídos artigos originais de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa. RESULTADOS: Com base nos vinte e dois artigos analisados, os erros mais comuns no âmbito hospitalar são: erro de cálculo de dose, dose errada, utilização das vias endovenosa e intramuscular, erros de dispensação e tempo de administração. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que os erros na prescrição de opioides ocorre pela falta de atenção dos profissionais, pois os artigos retratados nessa revisão mostra que os erros mais comuns de acontecer são pela dose administrada errada, cálculo feito de forma incorreta, não respeitam o tempo de administração do opioides, além de ter prontuários ilegíveis que acaba dificultando o entendimento do profissional e levando a ocorrer os erros já citados

Lycopene-rich extract from red guava ( Psidium guajava L.) displays cytotoxic effect against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 via an apoptotic-like pathway

This study investigated a lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG) for its chemical composition using spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and computational studies. The cytotoxic activity of LEG and the underlying mechanism was studied in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), murine fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3), BALB/c murine peritoneal macrophages, and sheep blood erythrocytes by evaluating the cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry analysis showed that LEG contained 20% of lycopene per extract dry weight. Experimental and theoretical ATR-FTIR suggests the presence of lycopene, whereas MS/MS spectra obtained after fragmentation of the molecular ion [M]+• of 536.4364 show fragment ions at m/z 269.2259, 375.3034, 444.3788, and 467.3658, corroborating the presence of lycopene mostly related to all-trans configuration. Treatment with LEG (1600 to 6.25μg/mL) for 24 and 72h significantly affected the viability of MCF-7 cells (mean half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]=29.85 and 5.964μg/mL, respectively) but not NIH-3T3 cells (IC50=1579 and 911.5μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore LEG at concentrations from 800 to 6.25μg/mL presented low cytotoxicity against BALB/c peritoneal macrophages (IC50≥800μg/mL) and no hemolytic activity. LEG (400 and 800μg/mL) caused reduction in the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest, DNA fragmentation, modifications in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and morphologic changes related to granularity and size in MCF-7 cells; however, it failed to cause any significant damage to the cell membrane or display necrosis or traditional apoptosis. In conclusion, LEG was able to induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells probably via induction of an apoptotic-like pathway.The authors acknowledge the computational time provided by CENAPAD/SP on the project proj697. Alexandra Plácido is gratefully to FCT by her grant SFRH/BD/97995/2013, financed by POPH–QREN–Tipologia 4.1–Formação Avançada, subsidized by Fundo Social Europeu and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. The work at REQUIMTE/LAQV received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE) and National Funds (FCT) through project UID/QUI/50006/2013. Adriany das G. N. Amorim is grateful to CAPES by for the doctoral fellowship process no. 99999.004236/2014-09 in Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Eder A. Barbosa is grateful to PNPD/CAPES for its post-doctoral fellowship.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acetylated cashew gum-based nanoparticles for the incorporation of alkaloid epiisopiloturine

The natural alkaloid epiisopiloturine has recently become the focus of study for various medicinal properties, particularly for its anti-inflammatory and antischistosomal effect. The incorporation of active molecules in natural polymeric matrices has garnered increasing interest during recent decades. A new derivative of cashew gum successfully obtained by gum acetylation has shown great potential as a carrier in controlled drug release systems. In this work, epiisopiloturine was encapsulated in acetylated cashew gum nanoparticles in order to increase solubility and allow slow release, whereas the morphology results were supported by computer simulations. The particles were produced under a variety of conditions, and thoroughly characterized using light scattering and microscopic techniques. The particles were spherical and highly stable in solution, and showed drug incorporation at high levels, up to 55% efficiency. Using a dialysis-based in vitro assay, these particles were shown to release the drug via a Fickian diffusion mechanism, leading to gradual drug release over approximately 6 h. These nanoparticles show potential for the use as drug delivery system, while studies on their potential anti-inflammatory action, as well as toxicity and efficacy assays would need to be performed in the future to confirm their suitability as drug delivery candidates.This work was conducted in partnership with the Polymer Laboratory of the Federal University of Ceará for polymer modification. The authors thanks Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the fellowships SFRH/BD/97995/2013 (AP) and SFRH/BD/95983/2013 (MPA), in the context of the POCH program. The work at UCIBIO/REQUIMTE was supported by FCT through project UID/MULTI/04378/2013 – POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 with financial support from FCT/MCTES through national funds and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. The work at REQUIMTE/LAQV received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE) and National Funds (FCT) through project UID/QUI/50006/2013. The computational time was provided by GRID-Unesp, SICC/IFSP and CENAPAD/SP. The authors also acknowledge CNPq and CAPES for a scholarship and financial aid.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew gum: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew (CG-CuNPs) were synthesized by reduction reaction using ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride, using the cashew gum (CG) as a natural polymer stabilizer. Dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles (CG-CuNPs), and copper was quantified by electrochemical measurement. The UV-vis spectra of the CG-CuNPs confirmed the formation of nanoparticles by appearance of a surface plasmon band at 580 nm after 24 h of reaction. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of CG-CuNPs showed the peak at 1704 cm−1 from cashew gum, confirming the presence of the gum in the nanoparticles. The average size of CG-CuNPs by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy was around 10 nm, indicating small, approximately spherical particles. Antimicrobial assays showed that CG-CuNPs had activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.64 mM. The cytotoxicity assay on BALB/c murine macrophages showed lower cytotoxic effects for CG-CuNPs than CuSO4·5H2O. Viability cell assays for CG-CuNPs at (0.250 mM) inhibited by 70% the growth of 4T1 LUC (4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line) and NIH 3T3 cells (murine fibroblast cells) over a 24-h period. Therefore, CG-CuNPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent with lower cytotoxic effects than the CuSO4·5H2O precursor.The author would like to thank at UCM for performingDPV, USP by X-ray diffraction experiment, REQUIMTE/LAQV for FTIR, UnB and UFPI for the cytotoxicityassays, as well as at UFPI for help with DLS, UV-Vis,AFM, and microbiological experiments. This work was supported by Project 400398/2014-1—Desenvolvimento de Nanopartículas Estabilizadas com Goma de Cajueiro para Aplicações Biotecnologicas, financed by CNPq. AlexandraPlácido is grateful to FCT by her grant SFRH/BD/97995/2013, financed by POPH-QREN-Tipologia 4.1-Formação Avançada, subsidized by Fundo Social Europeu and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The C242T polymorphism of the p22-phox gene (CYBA) is associated with higher left ventricular mass in Brazilian hypertensive patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the physiopathogenesis of hypertensive end-organ damage. This study investigated the impact of the C242T polymorphism of the p22-phox gene (CYBA) on left ventricular structure in Brazilian hypertensive subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We cross-sectionally evaluated 561 patients from 2 independent centers [Campinas (n = 441) and Vitória (n = 120)] by clinical history, physical examination, anthropometry, analysis of metabolic and echocardiography parameters as well as p22-phox C242T polymorphism genotyping. In addition, NADPH-oxidase activity was quantified in peripheral mononuclear cells from a subgroup of Campinas sample.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genotype frequencies in both samples were consistent with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Subjects with the T allele presented higher left ventricular mass/height^2.7than those carrying the CC genotype in Campinas (76.8 ± 1.6 vs 70.9 ± 1.4 g/m^2.7; p = 0.009), and in Vitória (45.6 ± 1.9 vs 39.9 ± 1.4 g/m^2.7; p = 0.023) samples. These results were confirmed by stepwise regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, blood pressure, metabolic variables and use of anti-hypertensive medications. In addition, increased NADPH-oxidase activity was detected in peripheral mononuclear cells from T allele carriers compared with CC genotype carriers (p = 0.03).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The T allele of the p22-phox C242T polymorphism is associated with higher left ventricular mass/height^2.7and increased NADPH-oxidase activity in Brazilian hypertensive patients. These data suggest that genetic variation within NADPH-oxidase components may modulate left ventricular remodeling in subjects with systemic hypertension.</p