Dos nuevas aportaciones sobre los aspectos económicos de la Guerra Civil Española

Reseñas de: SANTACREU SOLER, José Miguel: La crisis monetaria española de 1937. Moneda y municipios en la provincia de Alicante durante la guerra civil española, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 1986, 182 págs.; GONZÁLEZ PORTILLA, Manuel y GARMENDIA, José María: La guerra civil en el País Vasco. Política y economía, Universidad del País Vasco-Siglo XXI de España Editores, Madrid, 1988, 154 págs

TOMADA DE DECISÃO DA APOSENTADORIA EM TRABALHADORES MAIS VELHOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the factors that can influence decision-making to anticipate or delay the retirement of older workers. Methods: This is an integrative literature review carried out in 2022, in four databases: US National Library of Public Medicine (PubMed); Virtual Health Library (BVS), Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar, without restrictions on language and period of production of original articles. Results:Of the 380 identified, 54 studies were included; the descriptive analysis is presented in two categories: macrostructural (political, economic, and social) and microstructural (work/company; worker and health and illness); bringing together the factors in two parts with: what can be anticipated and what can be delayed in making decisions by the worker most with regard to retirement. Final considerations: The most important factors that influenced decision-making on retirement were closely related to the work organization, interpersonal relationships in the work environment, economic conditions, activities carried out, health; in addition to social conditions and decision-making aspects of the worker according to the contexts in which he is inserted and by his own voluted.Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os fatores que podem influenciar na tomada de decisão de antecipar ou retardar a aposentadoria entre trabalhadores mais velhos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em janeiro de 2022, em quatro base de dados: US National Library of Medicin Public (PubMed); Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science (WoS) e Google Scholar, sem restrições de idioma e período de produção de artigos originais. Resultados: Foram incluídos 54 estudos dos 380 identificados; na análise descritiva é apresentada em duas categorias: macroestruturais (político, econômico e social) e microestruturais (trabalho/empresa; trabalhador e saúde e adoecimento); reunindo os fatores em duas partes com: o que pode antecipar e o que pode retardar a tomada de decisão do trabalhador mais velho frente a aposentadoria. Considerações finais: Os fatores mais importantes que influenciaram o processo de tomada de decisão da aposentadoria estiveram intimamente relacionados à organização do trabalho, relações interpessoais no ambiente de trabalho, condições financeiras, atividades desempenhadas, saúde; além das condições sociais e aspectos da decisão do trabalhador com base nos contextos em que está inserido e não apenas em sua própria vontade

Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1

Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms.NIH Office of Research Infrastructure P40 OD010440Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BFU2015- 64408-PFondo Social Europeo BFU2015- 64408-PNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health R01AI07640

Usos tradicionales de la vid silvestre euroasiática en la Península Ibérica

The Iberian Peninsula constitutes the Western limit of the dioecious Eurasian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris). At present, it is a threatened plant, due to human impacts. This liana has had different uses in this territory from the Paleolithic until the end of the last century, including several medicinal applications, inherited from the classical Greek culture. In order to retrieve the available written information, we carried out an exhaustive bibliographic search of the pharmacopoeia linked to this Vitaceae, from the 16th century to the present day. Current references on chemical composition of different parts of grapevine and their medicinal uses were also covered. In parallel, we conducted research in several archives and made inquiries to historians, anthropologists, and sanitary personnel. We also interviewed elderly people from rural areas of Spain and Portugal where some relic populations of wild grapevine are still conserved. Among the written and oral medicinal uses compiled, the main ones are: the use of the grapevine bleeding water to alleviate eczema and skin eruptions and to combat conjunctivitis and keratitis; the use of must from unripe berries (agua de agraz in Spanish) as liver tonic and to treat digestive diseases; the leaves were used to reduce edema, as antihemorrhoidal, and for menopausal disorders; and finally, the vinegar was used to clean and disinfect wounds both on humans and animals. This paper highlights the tremendous erosion of the traditional knowledge about this relevant plant genetic resource.La Península Ibérica constituye el límite occidental de la euroasiática y dioica vid silvestre (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris). Actualmente la vid silvestre se encuentra amenazada debido al impacto humano. Esta liana tuvo diferentes usos en la península desde el Paleolítico hasta finales del siglo pasado. Entre ellos, como herencia de la cultura griega clásica, aparecen diferentes usos médicos. Para recuperar la información escrita existente, hemos llevado a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre la farmacopea vinculada a esta Vitaceae, desde el siglo XVI hasta el presente. Incluimos también referencias sobre la composición química de diferentes partes de la vid y sus usos medicinales. Paralelamente, hemos investigado en los archivos de diferentes localidades y realizado consultas a historiadores, antropólogos y personal sanitario. Asimismo, hemos realizado entrevistas a ancianos de diferentes regiones de España y Portugal donde todavía se conservan algunas poblaciones relictas de vid silvestre. Entre la información escrita y oral de los usos medicinales recopilados, mencionaremos el uso del “agua de lloro” de la vid para aliviar eczemas y erupciones cutáneas; para combatir la conjuntivitis y la queratitis; el mosto o “agua de agraz”, como tónico para el hígado y para tratar afecciones digestivas; las hojas para reducir el edema, como antihemorroidales y para trastornos de la menopausia; y por último, el vinagre para limpiar y desinfectar heridas de personas y animales. Este trabajo destaca la tremenda erosión del conocimiento tradicional sobre este recurso fitogenético tan relevante

Sistema de gestión de calidad para empresas farmacéuticas, aplicable a la importación, almacenamiento y distribución de medicamentos controlados por la Dirección Nacional de Medicamentos.

La siguiente propuesta presenta un sistema de gestión de calidad para empresas farmacéuticas aplicable a la importación, almacenamiento y distribución de medicamentos controlados por la Dirección Nacional de Medicamentos, está orientado a aportar al profesional de contaduría pública los lineamientos que permitan ampliar sus conocimientos y su área de trabajo para que se cumplan los requerimientos legales establecidos por la institución reguladora para el control y manejo de los medicamentos controlados en coordinación con todas las instituciones involucradas con el control general de los mismos, dando cumplimiento a los procedimientos establecidos de la Ley de Medicamentos y el Instructivo para el Manejo de Medicamentos Controlados en los Establecimientos de Salud sujetos a la ley. El sector en estudio ha cometido ciertos hechos ilícitos por la falta de controles en el tratamiento de los medicamentos controlados, se han realizado ciertas medidas que deben de cumplir los establecimientos orientados a disminuir los riesgos ya sea económicos, legales, financieros, etc.; sin embargo, se han tenido varias dificultades por tratar de cumplir con los requerimientos ya que no se ha tenido un plan de controles de seguridad y seguimiento en los procesos de gestión de medicamentos controlados. Para dar fundamento a la investigación se realizó una entrevista enfocada a las diferentes áreas de control de los medicamentos controlados en las distribuidoras farmacéuticas, el cual contribuyó a determinar los procedimientos realizados por dichas entidades y diseñar las medidas para mejorar los procesos de seguridad a los medicamentos y así mismo disminuir los riesgos inherentes del negocio

Propuesta de un sistema de seguridad ocupacional en la planta de producción de la empresa Wooden Bridge Trading Co.

Presenta un sistema de seguridad ocupacional en la planta de producción de la empresa Wooden Bridge Trading Co, muestra diagnóstico de las condiciones actuales de trabajo, evaluación de riesgos laborales, medidas preventivas, mapa de riesgos laborales y un plan de acción relativa de incendio en el lugar de trabajo

Guidelines for Successful Quantitative Gene Expression in Real- Time qPCR Assays

This chapter was developed to provide some important guidelines for studies with quantitative PCR (qPCR) using either dyes or probes, citing several essential components necessary for a good PCR assay. The efficiency and specificity of quantitative PCR (qPCR) depend on several parameters related to mRNA quantification that must be controlled to avoid mistakes in data interpretation. Avoiding contamination with proteins, carbohydrate and phenolic compounds during RNA extraction and purification processes will improve RNA quality and provide reliable results. Specific primers and sensible probes are also crucial to intensify efficiency, specificity and fluorescence. Other parameters such as the optimization of primer concentrations and efficiency primer curves must be done. During gene-expression profile quantification, qPCR assays using reference genes are required to normalize the target gene expression data. These reference genes are checked for stability to identify the most stable genes among a group of candidate genes that will be used to normalize the qPCR data, using programs such as geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder. Additionally, the choice of appropriate reference genes for a specific experimental condition is fundamental. The main aim of this chapter is to provide guidelines and highlight precautions to obtain a successful qPCR assays