Pedagogical implications for improving body image and attitudes toward obesity through Physical Education

El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una visión general de la investigación en los programas escolares de la imagen corporal y las actitudes hacia la obesidad y su relación con la actividad física para mostrar las diferentes tendencias y proponer consideraciones e implicaciones didácticas futuras en este ámbito. Dichas implicaciones se formulan a través de una unidad didáctica de siete sesiones con contenidos sobre imagen corporal, autoestima y valores, alimentación, actividad física, medios de comunicación, modas y emociones. Esta unidad está elaborada para cuarto de secundaria. La propuesta en la escuela sería abordada desde un modelo socio-crítico de Educación Física (EF) orientada a la salud. El tratamiento ideal de la obesidad es la prevención y la escuela es un lugar adecuado para informar y educar acerca de los hábitos saludables de actividad físico-deportiva y alimentación, así como para promover una imagen corporal (IC) positiva y erradicar en la medida de lo posible las actitudes negativas hacia la obesidad.The aim of this study is to provide an overview of research into school curricula regarding body image and attitudes toward obesity and its relationship with physical activity to show the different trends and propose future considerations and pedagogical implications in this area. These implications are formulated through a teaching unit containing seven sessions on body image, self-esteem and values, diet, physical activity, media, fashion trends, and emotions. This unit is developed for the fourth year of secondary. The proposal implemented in the school would be addressed through a socio-critical model of health-oriented physical education (PE). Prevention is the ideal treatment for obesity and schools are appropriate contexts to inform and educate about healthy habits such as physical activity, sport and eating, as well as to promote a positive body image (BI) and eradicate, as far as possible, the negative attitudes toward obesity

Contribution of the single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc red blood cells in splenosis

The term splenosis refers to the presence of auto-transplanted splenic tissue in a heterotopic location. These foci can be localized to the liver simulating a malignant lesion. Sometimes these lesions are difficult to identify using conventional imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT and MR). Then, a scan with denatured erythrocytes marked with 99mTc has proven to be an effective technique to confirm the diagnosis of splenosis and to establish its extension. The incorporation of hybrid imaging techniques (SPECT-CT) into usual clinical practice has increased the precision of the localization of these foci of splenosis. We hereby report the cases of two patients diagnosed with splenosis, the first by laparotomy and the second after performing scintigraphy with red blood cells labeled with 99mTc. In the first case, the laparotomy revealed numerous reticulated nodules on the diaphragmatic peritoneal surface, the transverse colon and the right kidney. Finally, the anatomopathological diagnosis confirmed a case of splenosis. In the second case, the results of the 99mTc marked red blood cell gammagraphy and SPECT-CT were consistent with the diagnosis of splenosis in the patient. To obtain correct information in cases of lesions highly suspicious of splenosis, 99mTc marked red blood cell gammagraphy should be performed due to the high sensitivity and specificity of the test. Combined diagnostic imaging (SPECT-CT), have increased the specificity of this test due to improvements in the characterization of lesions. We believe that the use of this technique will help avoid unnecessary surgical procedures

Actitudes hacia la obesidad de los estudiantes de Magisterio de la Universidad de Huelva

The present study analyses the attitude toward the obesity and the overweight that show the pupils of first and third course of the University of Huelva (N= 299) comparing the students of physical education (N= 123) with the students of kindergarten and primary education (N= 176). This design supposes a replication of the investigation made by O�Brien, Hunter and Banks (2006), who compared the attitude toward the obesity between one group of students of physical education and another group that studies psychology. In order to measure the attitude toward the obesity, explicit and implicit instruments, together with a questionnaire of physical-sport habits were used. The results confirm that all the pupils present a negative attitude toward the obesity and the overweight, being higher in the students of physical education, and among these higher in the pupils of third course. On the other hand, the pupils that show more interest toward the sport, and those students that practice more sports, possess a higher negative attitude toward the obesity and the overweight that those students that are not interested in or don�t practice sport.El presente estudio analiza la actitud hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso que presenta el alumnado de primer y tercer curso de magisterio de la Universidad de Huelva (N=299) comparando los estudiantes de educación física (N=123) con los de educación infantil y primaria (N=176). Este planteamiento supone una réplica de la investigación efectuada por O�Brien, Hunter y Banks (2006), quienes compararon la actitud hacia la obesidad entre un grupo de estudiantes de educación física y otro de psicología. Para medir la actitud hacia la obesidad se emplearon instrumentos explícitos e implícitos. También, se aplicó un cuestionario de hábitos físico-deportivos. Los resultados confirman que todo el alumnado presenta una actitud negativa hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso, siendo mayor en los estudiantes de educación física, y dentro de estos mayores entre el alumnado de tercer curso. Por otro lado, el alumnado que muestra más interés hacia el deporte, así como aquellos estudiantes que practican más deportes, poseen una actitud más negativa hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso que aquellos estudiantes a los que no les interesa o no practican deporte

Implicaciones didácticas para la mejora de la imagen corporal y las actitudes hacia la obesidad desde la educación física

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of research into school curricula regarding body image and attitudes toward obesity and its relationship with physical activity to show the different trends and propose future considerations and pedagogical implications in this area. These implications are formulated through a teaching unit containing seven sessions on body image, self-esteem and values, diet, physical activity, media, fashion trends, and emotions. This unit is developed for the fourth year of secondary. The proposal implemented in the school would be addressed through a socio-critical model of health-oriented physical education (PE). Prevention is the ideal treatment for obesity and schools are appropriate contexts to inform and educate about healthy habits such as physical activity, sport and eating, as well as to promote a positive body image (BI) and eradicate, as far as possible, the negative attitudes toward obesityEl objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una visión general de la investigación en los programas escolares de la imagen corporal y las actitudes hacia la obesidad y su relación con la actividad física para mostrar las diferentes tendencias y proponer consideraciones e implicaciones didácticas futuras en este ámbito. Dichas implicaciones se formulan a través de una unidad didáctica de siete sesiones con contenidos sobre imagen corporal, autoestima y valores, alimentación, actividad física, medios de comunicación, modas y emociones. Esta unidad está elaborada para cuarto de secundaria. La propuesta en la escuela sería abordada desde un modelo socio-crítico de Educación Física (EF) orientada a la salud. El tratamiento ideal de la obesidad es la prevención y la escuela es un lugar adecuado para informar y educar acerca de los hábitos saludables de actividad físico-deportiva y alimentación, así como para promover una imagen corporal (IC) positiva y erradicar en la medida de lo posible las actitudes negativas hacia la obesidad

Attitude toward obesity showed by the teacher-training pupils of the University of Huelva

El presente estudio analiza la actitud hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso que presenta el alumnado de primer y tercer curso de magisterio de la Universidad de Huelva (N=299) comparando los estudiantes de educación física (N=123) con los de educación infantil y primaria (N=176). Este planteamiento supone una réplica de la investigación efectuada por O’Brien, Hunter y Banks (2006), quienes compararon la actitud hacia la obesidad entre un grupo de estudiantes de educación física y otro de psicología. Para medir la actitud hacia la obesidad se emplearon instrumentos explícitos e implícitos. También, se aplicó un cuestionario de hábitos físico-deportivos. Los resultados confirman que todo el alumnado presenta una actitud negativa hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso, siendo mayor en los estudiantes de educación física, y dentro de estos mayores entre el alumnado de tercer curso. Por otro lado, el alumnado que muestra más interés hacia el deporte, así como aquellos estudiantes que practican más deportes, poseen una actitud más negativa hacia la obesidad y el sobrepeso que aquellos estudiantes a los que no les interesa o no practican deporte. Palabras clave: obesidad, prejuicios, imagen corporal, deporte, educación física.The present study analyses the attitude toward the obesity and the overweight that show the pupils of first and third course of the University of Huelva (N= 299) comparing the students of physical education (N= 123) with the students of kindergarten and primary education (N= 176). This design supposes a replication of the investigation made by O’Brien, Hunter and Banks (2006), who compared the attitude toward the obesity between one group of students of physical education and another group that studies psychology. In order to measure the attitude toward the obesity, explicit and implicit instruments, together with a questionnaire of physical-sport habits were used. The results confirm that all the pupils present a negative attitude toward the obesity and the overweight, being higher in the students of physical education, and among these higher in the pupils of third course. On the other hand, the pupils that show more interest toward the sport, and those students that practice more sports, possess a higher negative attitude toward the obesity and the overweight that those students that are not interested in or don’t practice sport

Histologic tumor grade and preoperative bilary drainage are the unique independent prognostic factors of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy

[Background and Aim]: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer; most patients die during the first 6 months after diagnosis. With a 5% 5-year survival rate, is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. In this regard, several clinical, histopathologic and biological characteristics of the disease favoring long-term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy have been reported to be significant prognostic factors. Despite the availability of this information, there is no consensus about the different prognostic factors reported in the literature, probably due to variations in patient selection, methods, and sample size studied. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and pathologic features associated to prognosis of the disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy. [Materials and Methods]: The clinical and pathologic data from 78 patients who underwent a potentially curative resection for PDAC at our institution between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. [Results]: Overall, high-grade PDAC cases showed larger tumor size (P=0.009) and a higher frequency of deaths in association with a nonsignificantly shortened patient overall survival (median of 12.5 vs. 21.7 mo; P=0.065) as compared with low-grade PDAC patients. High histologic grade (P=0.013), preoperative drainage on the main bile duct (P=0.014) and absence of adjuvant therapy (P=0.035) were associated with a significantly poorer outcome. Overall survival multivariate analysis showed histologic grade (P=0.019) and bile duct preoperative drainage (P=0.016) as the sole independent variables predicting an adverse outcome. [Conclusions]: Our results indicate that histologic tumor grade and preoperative biliary drainage are the only significant independent prognostic factors in PDAC patients after pancreatectomy.Peer Reviewe