Soil contamination by eggs of soil-transmitted helminths with zoonotic potential in the town of Fernandópolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2007 and 2008

INTRODUÇÃO: A concentração de cães e gatos em áreas urbanas, associada a um número cada vez mais crescente da população errante desses animais, tem um papel epidemiológico importante na contaminação de solos de praças e parques públicos e na disseminação de infecções por variados gêneros de parasitas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a frequência de geo-helmintos com potencial zoonótico em solo de praças públicas e escolas municipais infantis da Cidade de Fernandópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período compreendido entre março de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas todas as praças (32) e escolas (13) da cidade. As amostras foram testadas pelos métodos de Rugai adaptado, Willis e Caldwell e Caldwell. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 225 amostras de solo com 30,2% (68) de positividade. Nas amostras provenientes de praças públicas, a positividade foi de 40% (64), ao passo que, nas escolas, foi de apenas 6,1% (6). Os ovos de parasitas encontrados foram Toxocara spp. 79,3% (47), Trichuris spp. 13,8% (8) e ancilostomídeos 6,9% (4). Variáveis relacionadas ao local, como o número de cães (OR 21,18 - IC95%: 10,81-41,51), de espécimes de fezes (OR 6,87 - IC95%: 3,51-13,47) e a utilização de cerca (OR 0,1 - IC95%: 0,05-0,20) tiveram impacto na contaminação do solo. CONCLUSÕES: Foram observados, nas amostras contaminadas, parasitas com potencial zoonótico, entre os quais estão os agentes etiológicos de doenças como a larva migrans visceral e cutânea, fato que representa risco a saúde da população que frequenta tais ambientes.INTRODUCTION: The concentration of dogs and cats in urban areas, associated with an ever-increasing wandering population of these animals, has an important epidemiological role in the soil contamination of public spaces and the spread of infections of several types of parasites. This study aimed to determine the frequency of soil-transmitted helminths with zoonotic potential in public squares and municipal primary schools in Fernandópolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil, conducted between 2007 and 2008. METHODS: All the squares (32) and schools (13) in the town were evaluated. Soil samples were tested using the Rugai method modified by Willis, Caldwell and Caldwell. RESULTS: A total of 225 soil samples were evaluated and 30.2% (68) were positive for helminths. In samples from public squares, 40% (64) contamination was observed; however, contamination in schools was only 6.1% (6). The parasites eggs identified were Toxocara spp. 79.3% (47), Trichuris spp. 13.8% (8) and Ancylostomatidae 6.9% (4). Variables related to the site, such as the number of dogs (OR 21.18, 10.81 - 41.51), fecal samples (OR 6.87, 3.51 - 13.47) and the use of fences (OR 0.1, 0.05 - 0.20), had an impact on soil contamination. CONCLUSIONS: In the contaminated samples, parasites with zoonotic potential were identified, including the etiologic agents of diseases like cutaneous and visceral larva migrans, a fact that poses a risk to health of the population that frequent such environments

Incidence of syphilis in pregnant women in the countryside of são paulo from 2018 to 2020

Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and is transmitted sexually, hematogenously or vertically, and may occur in any time of pregnancy. It is one of the major concerns and high rates of pregnant women with syphilis, which leads to congenital syphilis. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of syphilis in pregnant women in the state of São Paulo from 2018 to 2020 in epidemiological surveillance. The study is an epidemiological, descriptive observational research of quantitative analysis with secondary data, notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), which is the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), of pregnant women with syphilis, between 2018-2020. The collection of secondary data was authorized of São Paulo State. We found 50 women with unspecified syphilis in the last 3 years, of these 36 are pregnant women with syphilis and 7 cases of congenital syphilis. There has been a large increase in pregnant women with syphilis in the last year, however, there has been an eradication of congenital syphilis during this period. With this, it can be emphasized the importance of screening and early treatment of pregnant women in the Primary Health Care Network to promote health promotion and to offer quality of health services to mothers

Controle de comunicantes de tuberculose no Brasil: revisão de literatura (1984- 2004)

This study aims to review plans for tuberculosis control through the analysis of measures for tuberculosis contact tracing in Brazil from 1984 to 2004. This article presents a literature review on tuberculosis control published in manuals of the Ministry of Health and the State Department of Health of Sao Paulo, and in Medline and Lilacs databases. There was a gap in the standardization of control measures in the decade from 1984 to 1994. It was concluded that health professionals need to incorporate TB control and prevention actions from the perspective of health surveillance and systematic monitoring.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las medidas de control entre los contactos con tuberculosis (TBC), a través del análisis de la evolución de estas medidas en el Brasil, como parte de los planes para el control de la TBC. Artículo de revisión de la bibliografía entre el período de 1984 a 2004, que tuvo como fuentes los manuales de control para la TBC del Ministerio de Salud y de la Secretaria del Estado de São Paulo, así como artículos ubicados en las bases de datos Medline y Lilacs. RESULTADOS: Fue identificada una laguna en las normas para determinar las medidas del control durante la década de 1984 a 1994. Se concluye que existió falta de involucramiento por parte de los profesionales de la salud en las acciones de control y prevención para la TBC, basadas en las perspectivas de vigilancia en salud y monitoreo sistemático.Este estudo tem como propósito identificar as medidas de controle de comunicantes de tuberculose (TB) no Brasil, inseridos nos planos de controle da TB. Trata-se de artigo de revisão da literatura referente ao período de 1984 a 2004, que tem como fonte os manuais de controle da TB do Ministério da Saúde e da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, e artigos localizados nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs. RESULTADOS: identificou-se lacuna na normatização das medidas de controle durante a década de 1984 a 1994. Conclui-se que faltou aos profissionais de saúde incorporar as ações de controle e prevenção de TB na perspectiva da vigilância em saúde e monitoramento sistemático

Prevalence and Current Practices of Self-Medication among Students of the Biomedicine Degree at the Health Sciences School

Self-medication is often seen as a solution for the immediate relief of symptoms, however, bringing serious consequences to consumer\u27s health and serious public health problems in Brazil and the world. Still, regarding self-medication, the conduct of University students in the health area is observed, since the habit in this group is high. Given these facts and the need for epidemiological and toxicological evidence on self-medication of this school group, this study aims to verify the prevalence of self-medication in Biomedicine Degree students of the Universidade Brasil. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 63 scholars from the first three graduation years of the Biomedicine degree at the Universidade Brasil, in Fernandópolis, São Paulo. A validated questionnaire with social and medication consumption variables was applied, followed by statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney test. As a result, self-medication was considered an option for 59 of the participants, most of them juniors, female, aged between 18 and 20, with no previous college degree, with medical insurance and aware of possible health risks, even after access to classes or online surveys. The clinical condition preceding self-medication included mainly headache, myalgia, fever, and allergies. There was a preference for anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic medication, mainly antibiotics, and central nervous system stimulants. The habit of self-medication increases, gradually, during the graduation period, therefore is suggested the implementation of an educational campaign in the Biomedicine course curriculum to undo this cycle of chemical substance consumption

Conhecimento sobre métodos anticoncepcionais por estudantes adolescentes

OBJECTIVE:To compare the knowledge of contraceptive methods as well as to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge among public and private school adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 1,594 adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years old from 13 public and five private schools in the city of São Paulo city, Brazil, was carried out from June to December 2003. Schools were randomly selected and students filled out a questionnaire about sociodemographic, reproductive and contraceptive methods. The prevalence ratios were estimated with a 95% confidence interval for each question on their knowledge of contraceptive methods and by school group. Each question correctly answered received a half score, and the cut-off value was 50% of correct answers. Statistical tests utilized were Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Gehan tests and Poisson multiple regression model. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 61% were of females in both school groups. Most students had low socioeconomic condition in public schools while they had mostly high socioeconomic condition in private schools (pOBJETIVO: Comparar o conhecimento sobre métodos anticoncepcionais e identificar os fatores associados ao conhecimento adequado dos adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal, do qual participaram 1.594 adolescentes entre 12 e 19 anos, de 13 escolas públicas e cinco privadas do Município de São Paulo entre junho e dezembro de 2003. As escolas foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e os alunos responderam um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas, reprodutivas e métodos anticoncepcionais. As razões de prevalência foram calculadas com intervalo de confiança de 95% para cada questão sobre conhecimento de métodos e o tipo de escola. Atribuiu-se meio ponto para cada questão correta sobre conhecimento de anticoncepcionais, o ponto de corte foi 50% de acerto. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o qui-quadrado, o Wilcoxon-Gehan e a regressão múltipla de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Dentre os adolescentes, 61% eram do sexo feminino nos dois grupos de escolas. Predominou nível socioeconômico baixo nas escolas públicas e alto nas privadas (

A vigilância epidemiológica e a perspectiva de trabalho no território: Secretaria Municipal de Saúde ;-; Ribeirão Preto

This study aimed at analyzing the conformation of the Epidemiological Surveillance Service in Ribeirão Preto Municipal Health Secretariat under the orientation of the principles established by the Unified Health System and the perspective of Health Surveillance in face of the health care municipalization process occurring in the 1990s through the following dimensions: territory; problems; intersectoriality based on positive health concepts and on the paradigm of social health production. By means of a qualitative approach, bibliographical and documentation sources as well as 17 semi-structured interviews were used. Data were analyzed through the thematic analysis technique by which the following themes were identified: from "Monitoring" to "Educating and Preventing": practice in Epidemiological Surveillance -- a proposal to work in the territory. It was concluded that the potentiality of actions related to Epidemiological Surveillance is associated with the perspective of working in the territory for the construction of Health Surveillance in order to assure the technical content of those actions as well as the participation of different professional categories in the same work project, which will not necessarily be performed by all professionals in the same health production process, territory or time.Este estudio buscó analizar como se constituye la práctica de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica en la Secretaria Municipal de Salud (SMS-RP) bajo la orientación de los principios del SUS y de la perspectiva de la Vigilancia de cara al proceso de municipalización de la salud en la década del 90 utilizando las siguientes dimensiones: territorio, problemas, intersectorialidad, con base en el concepto positivo de salud y el paradigma de la producción social de la salud. A través de un abordaje cualitativo se utilizaron fuentes documentales, 17 entrevistas semi-estructuradas y la técnica de análisis temática, identificando los temas: de "vigilar" a "educar y prevenir": La práctica de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica -- Una propuesta de trabajo en el territorio. Se concluye que la potencialidad de las acciones de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica están relacionadas con la perspectiva de un trabajo en el territorio en la construcción de la Vigilancia en la Salud, asegurando el contenido técnico de esas acciones y la participación de diferentes categorías profesionales en un mismo proyecto de trabajo que no necesita ser ejecutada por todos los profesionales en el proceso de producción, espacio y tiempo.Este estudo procurou analisar como se conforma a prática na vigilância epidemiológica na Secretaria Municipal da Saúde (SMS-RP) sob a orientação dos princípios do SUS e da perspectiva da Vigilância em Saúde face ao processo de municipalização da saúde na década de 90, utilizando as seguintes dimensões: território; problemas; intersetorialidade, referenciada pelo conceito positivo de saúde e pelo paradigma da produção social de saúde. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se fontes documentais, 17 entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a técnica de análise temática, identificando os temas: De Vigiar a Educar e Prevenir: A prática na Vigilância Epidemiológica - Uma proposta de trabalho no território. Conclui-se que a potencialidade das ações de Vigilância Epidemiológica (VE) está relacionada à perspectiva de um trabalho no território na construção da Vigilância em Saúde assegurando o conteúdo técnico dessas ações e a participação de diferentes categorias profissionais em um mesmo projeto de trabalho, que não necessita ser executada por todos os profissionais no mesmo processo de produção, espaço e tempo

Interrupção e abandono no tratamento da hanseníase / Interruption and abandonment in the treatment of leprosy

O Brasil é o segundo país do mundo com maior número de casos de Hanseníase. São considerados pilares para alcançar a eliminação dessa doença o diagnóstico precoce e a adesão ao tratamento. O tratamento poliquimioterápico constitui em 6 meses podendo se estender até 9 meses para casos Paucibacilares; já em casos de Multibacilares, 12 meses até 18 meses. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar e descrever os motivos que levaram os usuários(as) dos serviços de saúde diagnosticados com hanseníase de 2013 a 2017 residentes em uma cidade hiperendêmica do noroeste paulista a interromper ou abandonar o tratamento. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Obtivemos aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa destinado pela a Plataforma Brasil sob o número de Protocolo 91251718.4.0000.5415. Foram coletados dados de 234 prontuários de 2013 a 2017 e constatou-se que 32 (13,7%) usuários enquadravam-se em situação de abandono e 03 (1,3%) em interrupção do tratamento, ambas as classificações totalizaram-se em 35 (15,0%) dos casos notificados no período. Os resultados evidenciaram que as altas taxas de abandono e interrupção do tratamento, principalmente, no ano de 2017 com taxa de (23.9 %) no abandono e (4,3 %) nos casos de interrupção. As drogas que compõem a Poliquioterapia causam efeitos adversos e esse foi o principal motivo de interrupção ou abandono do tratamento identificado em 35 (14,9%) dos casos. É necessário que a equipe multiprofissional seja mais efetiva no cumprimento das ações do Programa de Eliminação da Hanseníase. Os serviçso de saúde devem implantar medidas para atuar na mitigação desses motivos de interrupção ou abandono contribuindo assim para adesão ao tratamento e quebra da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão da doença. 

Selection objectives and criteria for sheep in Central Brazil

Three production systems for sheep (Low - L, Medium - M and High - H technology), with increasing technological levels, were studied under conditions in the Center-west of Brazil, to determine economic weights and selection indices of important traits. Receipts and costs were simulated using an economic simulator to calculate the structure of the operational costs. Only characteristics that were responsible for more than 10% of the profit were studied, which included: number of weaned lambs, food consumption (ewe and lamb), weight of carcass and weight of female lambs sold for reproduction. Regardless of the index used (profitability or yield) or system (L, M or H), the economic weights are larger for the number of lambs weaned per ewe. With improvement in the technology used within the production system (H to L) the importance of this trait becomes less important. Lamb growth increased and weight of female for slaughter decreased in importance in higher technology systems. Changes in herd structure had little influence on economic values, whereas (co)variances were important sources of change in selection indices

[factors Associated With Condom Use And Knowledge About Std/aids Among Teenagers In Public And Private Schools In São Paulo, Brazil].

This study aimed to compare knowledge about STD/AIDS and identify the factors associated with adequate knowledge and consistent use of male condoms in teenagers from public and private schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We selected 1,594 adolescents ranging 12 to 19 years of age in 13 public schools and 5 private schools to complete a questionnaire on knowledge of STD/AIDS and use of male condoms. Prevalence ratios were computed with a 95% confidence interval. The score on STD knowledge used a cutoff point corresponding to 50% of correct answers. Statistical tests were chi-square and Poisson multiple regression. Consistent use of male condoms was 60% in private and 57.1% in public schools (p > 0.05) and was associated with male gender and lower socioeconomic status. Female gender, higher schooling, enrollment in private school, Caucasian race, and being single were associated with higher knowledge of STDs. Teenagers from public and private schools have adequate knowledge of STD prevention, however this does not include the adoption of effective prevention. Educational programs and STD/AIDS awareness-raising should be expanded in order to minimize vulnerability.22315-2

PROTEÇÃO E SUPERVISÃO DE SISTEMAS ELÉTRICOS NUMA ESTRATÉGIA SMART GRID COM REDES IP DE NOVA GERAÇÃO // POWER SYSTEMS PROTECTION AND SUPERVISION IN A SMART GRID STRATEGY USING NEW GENERATION IP NETWORKS

Este artigo apresenta um posicionamento sobre a arquitetura, o plano de controle e a gerência para redes e infraestruturas de telecomunicações das operadoras de energia num cenário de solução Smart Grid (SG) fazendo uso das redes IP. As novas redes IP são apresentadas, o cenário Smart Grid é introduzido e um modelo de arquitetura e seus aspectos de gerência são discutidos. Os autores argumentam sobre a necessidade da utilização de múltiplas soluções tecnológicas para o atendimento dos requisitos de proteção e supervisão, discutem a adoção de um plano de controle integrador e avaliam os impactos na solução de gerência e na engenharia de tráfego como elementos de controle e otimização da solução. ABSTRACTThis position paper, presents an overview of the architecture, control plane and management for the network and telecommunications infrastructure of an energy utility company in a Smart Grid (SG) solution scenario, using IP networks. The new IP networks are presented, a Smart Grid scenario is introduced, and its architecture model and management issues are discussed. The authors argue about the need of using multiple technological solutions to satisfy protection and supervisory requirements; discuss the adoption of an integrating control plane, and evaluate its impact on the management solution and in the traffic engineering as the solution control and optimization elements