Next Generation Quantitative Genetics in Plants

Most characteristics in living organisms show continuous variation, which suggests that they are controlled by multiple genes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis can identify the genes underlying continuous traits by establishing associations between genetic markers and observed phenotypic variation in a segregating population. The new high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies greatly facilitate QTL analysis by providing genetic markers at genome-wide resolution in any species without previous knowledge of its genome. In addition HTS serves to quantify molecular phenotypes, which aids to identify the loci responsible for QTLs and to understand the mechanisms underlying diversity. The constant improvements in price, experimental protocols, computational pipelines, and statistical frameworks are making feasible the use of HTS for any research group interested in quantitative genetics. In this review I discuss the application of HTS for molecular marker discovery, population genotyping, and expression profiling in QTL analysis

A New Approach for Bounding Awards in Bankruptcy Problems

The solution for the "Contested Garment Problem" proposed in the BabylonicTalmud, one of the most important sources of inspiration for solving situations where demand overcomes supply of some resources, suggests that each agent should receive at least some part of the available amount when facing these situations. Thisidea has been underlied the theoretical analysis of bankruptcy problems from its beginning (O'Neill, 1982) to present day (Dominguez and Thomsom, 2006). In this context, starting from the fact that a society establishes its own set of "Commonly Accepted Equity Principles", we propose a new award bound by providing each agent her minimum amount according to all the admissible bankruptcy rules for such a society. Moreover, we analyze the recursive application of this new bound, since it will not exhaust the resources, in general.Bankruptcy problems, bankruptcy rules, lower bound, recursive process.

Why people reach intermediate agreements? Axiomatic and strategic justifications

As Roemer (1986) points out, things become more interesting once we include information. In this paper, following the line started by Jiménez-Gómez and Marco-Gil (2008), we define both a lower and an upper bounds on awards in the framework of the Lorenz-Bifocal Bankruptcy Problem (Gadea et al. (2010)), which is an extended bankruptcy problem enriched with a Commonly Accepted Equity Principles set and the idea of treat everybody as evenly as possible (Dutta and Ray (1989) and Arin (2007), among others). Moreover, we contribute with the definition of the Lorenz Double Boundedness Recursive procedure, which consists on the recursive imposition of both bounds, providing a natural way of justifying the convex combination of bankruptcy rules. Specifically, we retrieve the midpoint of extreme and opposite well known ways of distributing the resource. Finally, we complete our analysis from the strategic viewpoint, obtaining similar results.bankruptcy problems, lower bound, upper bound, duality, recursivity

Sequence diversity in three tomato species: SNPs, markers, and molecular evolution

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tomato species are of significant agricultural and ecological interest, with cultivated tomato being among the most common vegetable crops grown. Wild tomato species are native to diverse habitats in South America and show great morphological and ecological diversity that has proven useful in breeding programs. However, relatively little is known about nucleotide diversity between tomato species. Until recently limited sequence information was available for tomato, preventing genome-wide evolutionary analyses. Now, an extensive collection of tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is available at the SOL Genomics Network (SGN). This database holds sequences from several species, annotated with quality values, assembled into unigenes, and tested for homology against other genomes. Despite the importance of polymorphism detection for breeding and natural variation studies, such analyses in tomato have mostly been restricted to cultivated accessions. Importantly, previous polymorphisms surveys mostly ignored the linked meta-information, limiting functional and evolutionary analyses. The current data in SGN is thus an under-exploited resource. Here we describe a cross-species analysis taking full-advantage of available information.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We mined 20,000 interspecific polymorphisms between <it>Solanum lycopersicum </it>and <it>S. habrochaites </it>or <it>S. pennellii </it>and 28,800 intraspecific polymorphisms within <it>S. lycopersicum</it>. Using the available meta-information we classified genes into functional categories and obtained estimations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) quality, position in the gene, and effect on the encoded proteins, allowing us to perform evolutionary analyses. Finally, we developed a set of more than 10,000 between-species molecular markers optimized by sequence quality and predicted intron position. Experimental validation of 491 of these molecular markers resulted in confirmation of 413 polymorphisms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We present a new analysis of the extensive tomato EST sequences available that represents the most comprehensive survey of sequence diversity across <it>Solanum </it>species to date. These SNPs, plus thousands of molecular makers designed to detect the polymorphisms are available to the community via a website. Evolutionary analyses on these polymorphism uncovered sets of genes potentially important for the evolution and domestication of tomato; interestingly these sets were enriched for genes involved in response to the environment.</p

Built-up AFM tips by metal nanoclusters engineering

The ability to probe tip-sample interactions by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has recently boosted our understanding of the matter at the atomic scale, enabling the study of properties of surfaces and adsorbates which were previously inaccessible. Nevertheless, this sensitivity to forces presents some drawbacks, as the requirement of a sharp tip apex to prevent the loss of spatial resolution due to the existence of long-range interactions. In this work, we have overcome this long-standing challenge by investigating the controlled extraction of single metallic nanoclusters, selectively grown on graphene. Our results show that the successive extraction of cluster allows to grow nanotips, which minimize the long-range tip-sample interactions and greatly enhance the topographic resolution. We have demonstrated that the created nanotips are very stable, which enables exchanging the sample and using the same nanotip to explore different surfaces without loss of resolution. Since metallic clusters of very different materials and sizes can be grown and selectively extracted by AFM, ours work paves also the way to the specific functionalization of AFM-tips to sense a large variety of interactionsFinancial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grants No. MAT2016-77852-C2-2-R and MAT2016-80907-P and by the Comunidad de Madrid NMAT2D-CM program under grant S2018/NMT-4511 is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under grant Nº PID2019-106268GB-C31 is also gratefully acknowledged. We thank Rubén Pérez and Oscar Custance for helpful discussions and Antonio J. Martínez-Galera for helpful discussions and technical assistanc

Decoding Gene Expression Signatures Underlying Vegetative to Inflorescence Meristem Transition in the Common Bean

The tropical common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an obligatory short-day plant that requires relaxation of the photoperiod to induce flowering. Similar to other crops, photoperiod-induced floral initiation depends on the differentiation and maintenance of meristems. In this study, the global changes in transcript expression profiles were analyzed in two meristematic tissues corresponding to the vegetative and inflorescence meristems of two genotypes with different sensitivities to photoperiods. A total of 3396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1271 and 1533 were found to be up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, whereas 592 genes showed discordant expression patterns between both genotypes. Arabidopsis homologues of DEGs were identified, and most of them were not previously involved in Arabidopsis floral transition, suggesting an evolutionary divergence of the transcriptional regulatory networks of the flowering process of both species. However, some genes belonging to the photoperiod and flower development pathways with evolutionarily conserved transcriptional profiles have been found. In addition, the flower meristem identity genes APETALA1 and LEAFY, as well as CONSTANS-LIKE 5, were identified as markers to distinguish between the vegetative and reproductive stages. Our data also indicated that the down-regulation of the photoperiodic genes seems to be directly associated with promoting floral transition under inductive short-day lengths. These findings provide valuable insight into the molecular factors that underlie meristematic development and contribute to understanding the photoperiod adaptation in the common bean.MCIN/AEI PDI2020-114115RB-100MAPAERDF A way of making Europe European Commission European Union NextGenera-tionEU/PRT

Self-assembly of ClAlPc molecules on moiré-patterned graphene grown on Pt(111)

Phthalocyanines are promising molecules for the development of organic electronic devices, for instance, molecular heterojunctions in organic solar cells or organic field-effect transistors. For an optimum performance of these devices, the molecular ordering on the substrate and the molecular electronic level alignment have been shown as crucial factors. In this work, the self-assembled structure and the electronic structure of chloroaluminum phthalocyanines (ClAlPc) on graphene grown on Pt(111) surfaces have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and low-temperature conditions. Graphene grown on Pt(111) exhibits multiple moiré patterns with different periodicities, offering a benchmark to investigate the influence of the graphene and the moiré patterns in the ClAlPc ordering. This surface allows to extend previous works performed on graphite and graphene on Cu(100), where no moiré patterns are found. Well-ordered molecular islands exhibiting rotational domains have been observed in the submonolayer regime. The orientation of individual ClAlPc molecules within the structure unit cell has been characterized pointing out to a Cl-Up configuration adopted by the molecules. Our measurements show a correlation between the molecular lattice orientation and the graphene directions, whereas no influence of the underlying moiré patterns has been found. Finally, the ClAlPc electronic structure has been characterized indicating a weak graphene-molecule interactionFinancial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grant No. MAT2016-77852-C2-2-R and from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, through the “María de Maeztu” Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (grant No. CEX2018-000805- M) is gratefully acknowledge

Evaluación de eventos adversos causados por el uso de Amitriptilina 25 mg tableta, en pacientes de 65 a 70 años para el tratamiento de trastornos depresivos que asisten a consulta externa en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Nacional de Atención Psicosocial “Dr. José Dolores Fletes Valle”. Managua-Nicaragua. Junio-Agosto 2019

La farmacovigilancia es la disciplina que se encarga de dar seguimiento a los riesgos asociados al uso de los medicamentos, el presente estudio pretende realizar un estudio de eventos adversos medicamentosos (EAM) este análisis permite evaluar las afectaciones que ocurren luego de haber suministrado un fármaco a un individuo y la influencia de la atención medica en dicho evento adverso medicamentoso; se buscará información de adultos mayores de 65 a 70 años, que sufren depresión y son tratados con Amitriptilina; la depresión es un trastorno emocional que puede incapacitar al individuo y volverse crónico, por tanto se espera encontrar ¿Cuáles son los eventos adversos causados por el uso de Amitriptilina 25mg tableta, que presentan los pacientes de 65 a 70 años diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Nacional de Atención Psicosocial “Dr. José Dolores Fletes Valle” en el período de Junio - Agosto 2019? Para recolectar la información se utilizó la hoja de recolección de datos y se tabuló en Microsoft Excel 2017 para llevar un mejor control y orden de la información obtenida, de los datos recolectados se obtuvo una mayor incidencia del sexo femenino que padece depresión, a su vez el mayor porcentaje proviene de la ciudad de Managua, el 89% de las dosis cumplían con las dosis recomendadas por el formulario nacional de medicamentos. Se concluye que los eventos adversos medicamentosos son evitables, que son leves y que la opinión de cada paciente debe ser tomada en cuenta, para brindarle el tratamiento idóneo para tratar su patología. Palabras clave: eventos adversos, Amitriptilina, depresión, adultos mayore

GPLSI Compendium App

GPLSI Compendium App se trata de una aplicación móvil que hará las veces de un sistema de gestión y difusión de contenidos digitales, en la que el usuario podrá realizar resúmenes de textos de diferentes webs, tales como artículos o noticias, y posteriormente compartir esos resúmenes en sus redes sociales o a través del correo. Se le proporcionarán varios métodos de resumen, así como las descripciones y un pequeño tutorial de cómo utilizar la aplicación