Experiencia artística y producción cultural, ámbitos para la intervención socioeducativa

La intervenció socioeducativa troba en les activitats artístiques interessants possibilitats per a treballar amb una gran varietat de col·lectius socials. La col·laboració interdisciplinaria entre diferents àrees i entre diferents professionals, educadors, treballadors socials, art-terapeutes, pedagogs i artistes dóna lloc a tot el món línies d'investigació i de projectes d'intervenció socioeducativa amb l'art i al tres produccions culturals com a protagonistes. Els professionals de la intervenció sòcioeducativa tenen eines valuoses per al seu treball.La intervención socioeducativa encuentra en las actividades artísticas interesantes posibilidades para trabajar con una gran variedad de colectivos sociales. La colaboración interdisciplinaria entre distintas áreas y entre distintos profesionales, educadores, trabajadores sociales, arte-terapeutas, pedagogos y artistas da lugar a todo el mundo líneas de investigación y de proyectos de intervención socioeducativa con el arte y otras producciones culturales como protagonistas. Los profesionales de la intervención socioeducativa tienen herramientas valiosas para su trabajo

Feasibility of Ceilometers Data to Estimate Radiative Forcing Values: Application to Different Conditions around the COVID-19 Lockdown Period

The authors would like to acknowledge to ACTRIS-SPAIN (CGL2017-90884-REDIT), coordinated by Granada University, for providing quality-assured aerosol measurements and acknowledge to AERONET and COPERNICUS Global Land Services for sun-photometer and satellite quality-assured data processing and distribution. The authors also acknowledge to the Atmospheric Modelling & Weather Forecasting Group in the University of Athens, the Earth Science Dpt. from the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre and the Naval Research laboratory for the provision of SKIRON, DREAM/BSCDREAM8b and NAAPs aerosol maps, respectively. Philippe Dubuisson, the developer of the GAME code, is specially acknowledged. Furthermore, the developers of the HYSPLIT model are also acknowledged. The task of identifying African dust events and quantifying the dust contribution in the regions of the Spanish territory has been routinely carried out in the framework of projects funded by the Spanish ministry for the Ecological Transition (MITECO).In this study, the feasibility of using ceilometer signals to retrieve radiative forcing values is evaluated. The Global Atmospheric Model (GAME) radiative transfer model is used to estimate the shortwave and longwave radiative forcing using an aerosol parameterization based on AERONET data and vertical profiles from a Lufft CHM-15k Nimbus ceilometer. First, eight cases confirmed as dusty days are analyzed to check the feasibility of using ceilometer profiles to feed GAME. The obtained radiative forcing estimates are in good agreement with the literature showing negative values in the short wave (SW) (cooling effect) and positive values in the long wave (LW) (heating effect), both at all levels. As in the literature, radiative forcing estimates show a strong dependence on variations in the aerosol optical depth (AOD), solar zenith angle (θz), surface temperature (ST), and single scattering albedo at 440 nm (SSA440). Thus, GAME can be fed using ceilometer measurements obtaining reliable results. Then, as the temporal evolution of the AOD440 between 27 January and 15 June compared to the 6-year weekly AERONET AOD440 average (from 2014 to 2019) shows a decrease because of the lockdown imposed in Spain due to the COVID-19, a total of 37 radiative forcing calculations without African dust, divided into 8 scenarios, are performed in order to check the effect of the lockdown measures in the radiative forcing. It is shown that the decrease in the AOD, during the lockdown, caused a decrease in the cooling effect in the SW spectral range at all levels. Besides, the increase in the ST increased the heating effect of the aerosols in the LW at the top of the atmosphere and the presence of pollution and absorbing particles (SSA440 < 0.90) caused an increase of the heating effect in the LW at the surface. Therefore, the observed variations in the radiative forcing estimates before and during the lockdown are directly related with the decrease in emissions of aerosols related to human activities.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (CRISOL) CGL2017-85344-RMadrid Regional Government (TIGAS-CM) Y2018/EMT-5177Maria Sklodowska-Curie IF 796539H2020 programme from the European Union 654109; 87111

MicroRNAs and drinking: association between the Pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and alcohol consumption in a Mediterranean population

Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) have been proposed as regulators in the different processes involved in alcohol intake, and differences have been found in the miRNA expression profile in alcoholics. However, no study has focused on analyzing polymorphisms in genes encoding miRNAs and daily alcohol consumption at the population level. Our aim was to investigate the association between a functional polymorphism in the pre-miR-27a (rs895819 A>G) gene and alcohol consumption in an elderly population. We undertook a cross-sectional study of PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Valencia participants (n = 1007, including men and women aged 67 ± 7 years) and measured their alcohol consumption (total and alcoholic beverages) through a validated questionnaire. We found a strong association between the pre-miR-27a polymorphism and total alcohol intake, this being higher in GG subjects (5.2 ± 0.4 in AA, 5.9 ± 0.5 in AG and 9.1 ± 1.8 g/day in GG; padjusted = 0.019). We also found a statistically-significant association of the pre-miR-27a polymorphism with the risk of having a high alcohol intake (>2 drinks/day in men and >1 in women): 5.9% in AA versus 17.5% in GG; padjusted < 0.001. In the sensitivity analysis, this association was homogeneous for sex, obesity and Mediterranean diet adherence. In conclusion, we report for the first time a significant association between a miRNA polymorphism (rs895819) and daily alcohol consumption

Mapeo y cuantificación de las infestaciones de Orobanche crenata en guisantes mediante teledetección

Póster presentado en el XIII Congreso Nacional de Malherbología celebrado en La Laguna (Tenerife) en noviembre de 2011.Los jopos (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) son especies parásitas de cultivos leguminosos, muy extendidas en el área mediterránea (García-Torres et al., 1994). La agricultura de precisión trata de determinar y manejar la distribución espacial de factores bióticos, tales como malas hierbas y patógenos, y de factores abióticos y así fundamentar la aplicación de inputs a dosis variables, ajustados a las necesidades de pequeñas aéreas o sub-parcelas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir brevemente la discriminación de rodales de jopos en el cultivo de guisante (Pisum sativum L.) mediante imágenes remotas multiespectrales y su manejo de precisión mediante el software SARI® (Sectioning and Assessment of Remote Images) un módulo complementario de ENVI® que divide y cuantifica la imagen de una parcela en sub-parcelas.Esta investigación se ha financiado en parte a través de los proyectos AGL2007-60926 (FEDER) y AGL2010-15506 (FEDER).Peer reviewe

Instructional Changes Adopted for an Engineering Course: Cluster Analysis on Academic Failure

As first-year students come from diverse backgrounds, basic skills should be accessible to everyone as soon as possible. Transferring such skills to these students is challenging, especially in highly technical courses. Ensuring that essential knowledge is acquired quickly promotes the student’s self-esteem and may positively influence failure rates. Metaphors can help do this. Metaphors are used to understand the unknown. This paper shows how we made a turn in student learning at the University of Almeria. Our hypothesis assumed that metaphors accelerate the acquisition of basic knowledge so that other skills built on that foundation are easily learned. With these goals in mind, we changed the way we teach by using metaphors and abstract concepts in a computer organisation course, a technical course in the first year of an information technology engineering degree. Cluster analysis of the data on collective student performance after this methodological change clearly identified two distinct groups. These two groups perfectly matched the before and after scenarios of the use of metaphors. The study was conducted during 11 academic years (2002/2003 to 2012/2013). The 475 observations made during this period illustrate the usefulness of this change in teaching and learning, shifting from a propositional teaching/learning model to a more dynamic model based on metaphors and abstractions. Data covering the whole period showed favourable evolution of student achievement and reduced failure rates, not only in this course, but also in many of the following more advanced courses.The paper is structured in five sections. The first gives an introduction, the second describes the methodology. The third section describes the sample and the study carried out. The fourth section presents the results and, finally, the fifth section discusses the main conclusions

Nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and Mediterranean diet: a new vision for gastronomy

Tanto la nutrigenética como la nutrigenómica son disciplinas dentro de la denominada genómica nutricional, que, en sentido amplio, proporciona el marco de integración de las distintas ómicas con las ciencias de la alimentación y nutrición. Tras décadas de estudios nutrigenéticos y nutrigenómicos, se dispone de una cantidad relevante de conocimientos para plantear su aplicación en la denominada nutrición de precisión. Esta nueva disciplina plantea que hay que tener en cuenta las características particulares de la persona para proporcionar la mejor dieta para prevenir o tratar la enfermedad. Los marcadores ómicos se consideran relevantes en dicha personalización. Existen muchos alimentos, nutrientes y patrones de dieta que se han investigado en nutrigenética y nutrigenómica; entre ellos, podemos mencionar el patrón de dieta mediterránea. A pesar de la heterogeneidad en la definición de dieta mediterránea, existen varios estudios que muestran que la dieta mediterránea puede interaccionar con el genoma, disminuyendo el riesgo de enfermedad en las personas genéticamente más susceptibles. Paralelamente, algunos estudios están mostrando los mecanismos por los que la dieta mediterránea puede ejercer este efecto protector. Conocer con más detalle la susceptibilidad genética, los mecanismos epigenéticos, la influencia del metaboloma y de otras ómicas puede ser relevante en gastronomía, entendida como la práctica del arte de elegir, cocinar y comer los alimentos. Esta influencia ómica no solo podemos encontrarla en los fenotipos de salud-enfermedad, sino también en la percepción del sabor y del olor de los alimentos (las preferencias por determinadas comidas). Todo ello, bien integrado, puede contribuir al incremento del disfrute a la vez que se sigue una alimentación saludable.Both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are disciplines that form part of what is known as Nutritional Genomics, which, in the widest sense, provides the framework for integrating different omics with food and nutrition sciences. After decades of nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies, there is a large enough amount of knowledge to consider its application in so-called precision nutrition. This new discipline seeks to take into account the particular characteristics of the individual in order to provide the best diet for preventing or treating a disease. Omic markers are considered to be of importance to that personalization. There are many foods, nutrients and dietary patterns that have been researched in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, including the Mediterranean Diet pattern. Despite heterogeneity in defining the Mediterranean Diet, there are various studies that show that the Mediterranean Diet can interact with the genome, so reducing the risk of disease in the most genetically susceptible individuals. Likewise, several studies have recently been revealing the mechanisms through which the Mediterranean Diet may exercise this protective effect. Understanding genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms, the influence of the metabolome and other omics in more detail may be important in gastronomy, understood as the practice of selecting, cooking and eating food. This omic influence can not only be found in health-disease phenotypes, but also in food taste and smell perception and preferences for certain dishes. Considering all of these together may contribute to an increase in enjoying and at the same time pursuing healthy eating

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the FADS cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10-14; FADS1-rs174550, p = 5.35 × 10-14; FADS2-rs1535, p = 5.85 × 10-14; FADS1-rs174546, p = 6.72 × 10-14; FADS2-rs174546, p = 9.75 × 10-14; FADS2- rs174576, p = 1.17 × 10-13; FADS2-rs174577, p = 1.12 × 10-12, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, p = 1.49 × 10-12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, p = 2.43 × 10-12; FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, p = 1.96 × 10-11). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965 p = 1.36 × 10-8. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the ME1 (malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10-7). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 and ELOVL (fatty acid elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the FADS cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA

Selective expression of the neurexin substrate for presenilin in the adult forebrain causes deficits in associative memory and presynaptic plasticity

Presenilins (PS) form the active subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, which mediates the proteolytic clearance of a broad variety of type-I plasma membrane proteins. Loss-of-function mutations in PSEN1/2 genes are the leading cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). However, the PS/gamma-secretase substrates relevant for the neuronal deficits associated with a loss of PS function are not completely known. The members of the neurexin (Nrxn) family of presynaptic plasma membrane proteins are candidates to mediate aspects of the synaptic and memory deficits associated with a loss of PS function. Previous work has shown that fAD-linked PS mutants or inactivation of PS by genetic and pharmacological approaches failed to clear Nrxn C-terminal frag-ments (NrxnCTF), leading to its abnormal accumulation at presynaptic terminals. Here, we generated transgenic mice that selectively recreate the presynaptic accumulation of NrxnCTF in adult forebrain neurons, leaving unaltered the function of PS/gamma-secretase complex towards other substrates. Behavioral characterization identified selective impairments in NrxnCTF mice, including decreased fear-conditioning memory. Electro-physiological recordings in medial prefrontal cortex-basolateral amygdala (mPFC-BLA) of behaving mice showed normal synaptic transmission and uncovered specific defects in synaptic facilitation. These data functionally link the accumulation of NrxnCTF with defects in associative memory and short-term synaptic plasticity, pointing at impaired clearance of NrxnCTF as a new mediator in ADMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-101886-B-100)Junta de Andalucía (PY18-823)Junta de Andalucía (P11- CVI-7599)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (BES-2016-076579)Garantía Juvenil contract from Universidad de Sevill

Circulating Adiponectin and Its Association with Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes: Gene-Diet Interactions Focusing on Selected Gene Variants and at the Genome-Wide Level in High-Cardiovascular Risk Mediterranean Subjects

Adiponectin is gaining renewed interest since, in addition to its possible protective role against insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis, recent studies suggest other additional favorable effects. However, the influence of gene-diet interactions on plasma adiponectin levels is still little understood. We analyzed the association between plasma adiponectin levels and various metabolic traits in a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, as well as the genetic effect of four candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and their interactions with the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Additionally, we explored, at the genome-wide level, the SNPs most associated with plasma adiponectin levels, as well as gene-diet interactions with the Mediterranean diet. In the 954 participants studied (aged 55-80 years), plasma adiponectin levels were strongly associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations (p = 6.6 × 10-36) and inversely related to triglycerides (p = 4.7 × 10-18), fasting glucose (p = 3.5 × 10-16) and type 2 diabetes (p = 1.4 × 10-7). Of the four pre-selected ADIPOQ candidate SNPs, the one most associated with plasma adiponectin was the -11391G > A (rs17300539) promoter SNP (p = 7.2 × 10-5, in the multivariable adjusted model). No significant interactions with the Mediterranean diet pattern were observed for these SNPs. Additionally, in the exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS), we found new SNPs associated with adiponectin concentrations at the suggestive genome-wide level (p < 1 × 10-5) for the whole population, including the lead SNP rs9738548 (intergenic) and rs11647294 in the VAT1L (Vesicle Amine Transport 1 Like) gene. We also found other promising SNPs on exploring different strata such as men, women, diabetics and non-diabetics (p = 3.5 × 10-8 for rs2850066). Similarly, we explored gene-Mediterranean diet interactions at the GWAS level and identified several SNPs with gene-diet interactions at p < 1 × 10-5. A remarkable gene-diet interaction was revealed for the rs2917570 SNP in the OPCML (Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule Like) gene, previously reported to be associated with adiponectin levels in some populations. Our results suggest that, in this high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, and even though adiponectin is favorably associated with metabolic traits and lower type 2 diabetes, the gene variants more associated with adiponectin may be population-specific, and some suggestive gene-Mediterranean diet interactions were detected

Calidad de vida y percepción de apoyo social en personas con HIV en Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción. En estudios llevados a cabo en países desarrollados se ha establecido que las personas con HIV/sida refieren tener una menos calidad de vida y menor apoyo social. Objetivo. Explorar la asociación entre la percepción del apoyo social afectivo o de personas de confianza y cada dimensión de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con HIV/sida en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal en personas con HIV/sida seleccionadas por conveniencia, en el marco de un programa de atención en una red hospitalaria de Bogotá. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud SF36 y el cuestionario genérico de apoyo social funcional Duke-UNC-11. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal en el análisis. Resultados. Se evidenció una relación directa entre la dimensión del bienestar emocional de la calidad de vida, el apoyo social afectivo (ß=7,36; IC95% 1,04-13,68) y el de personas de confianza (ß=11,63; IC95% 5,30-17,96), así como entre las dimensiones de la función física, el desempeño emocional y el dolor corporal y la percepción del apoyo social de tipo afectivo, y entre el apoyo social de personas de confianza y las dimensiones de la vitalidad y la función social. Se encontró una relación inversa entre los promedios de los puntajes de las dimensiones de desempeño emocional, desempeño físico y salud general y la percepción del apoyo social de tipo afectivo con la primera dimensión y el de personas de confianza con las dos últimas. Conclusiones. Los sujetos con una mejor percepción del apoyo social reportaron una mejor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, lo cual puede servir de base para la planeación, el diseño y la implementación de planes de atención médica que incorporen variables clínicas, paraclínicas y del entorno del paciente