A special perturbation method in orbital dynamics

The special perturbation method considered in this paper combines simplicity of computer implementation, speed and precision, and can propagate the orbit of any material particle. The paper describes the evolution of some orbital elements based in Euler parameters, which are constants in the unperturbed problem, but which evolve in the time scale imposed by the perturbation. The variation of parameters technique is used to develop expressions for the derivatives of seven elements for the general case, which includes any type of perturbation. These basic differential equations are slightly modified by introducing one additional equation for the time, reaching a total order of eight. The method was developed in the Grupo de Dinámica de Tethers (GDT) of the UPM, as a tool for dynamic simulations of tethers. However, it can be used in any other field and with any kind of orbit and perturbation. It is free of singularities related to small inclination and/or eccentricity. The use of Euler parameters makes it robust. The perturbation forces are handled in a very simple way: the method requires their components in the orbital frame or in an inertial frame. A comparison with other schemes is performed in the paper to show the good performance of the method

Expression of two barley proteinase inhibitors in tomato promotes endogenous defensive response and enhances resistance to Tuta absoluta

[EN] Background: For as long as 350 million years, plants and insects have coexisted and developed a set of relationships which affect both organisms at different levels. Plants have evolved various morphological and biochemical adaptations to cope with herbivores attacks. However, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has become the major pest threatening tomato crops worldwide and without the appropriated management it can cause production losses between 80 to 100%. Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of a serine proteinase inhibitor (BTI-CMe) and a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (Hv-CPI2) from barley on this insect and to examine the effect their expression has on tomato defensive response. We found that larvae fed on the double transgenic plants showed a notable reduction in weight. Moreover, only 56% of the larvae reached the adult stage. The emerged adults showed wings deformities and reduced fertility. We also investigated the effect of proteinase inhibitors ingestion on the insect digestive enzymes. Our results showed a decrease in larval trypsin activity. Transgenes expression had no harmful effect on Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae), a predator of Tuta absoluta, despite transgenic tomato plants attracted the mirid. We also found that barley cystatin expression promoted plant defense by inducing the expression of the tomato endogenous wound inducible Proteinase inhibitor 2 (Pin2) gene, increasing the production of glandular trichomes and altering the emission of volatile organic compounds. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the co-expression of different proteinase inhibitors for the enhancement of plant resistance to Tuta absoluta.This work was partly supported by grants BIO2013-40747-R and AGL2014-55616-C3 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)Hamza, R.; Pérez-Hedo, M.; Urbaneja, A.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Granell Richart, A.; Gaddour, K.; Beltran Porter, JP.... (2018). Expression of two barley proteinase inhibitors in tomato promotes endogenous defensive response and enhances resistance to Tuta absoluta. BMC Plant Biology. 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1240-6S18Oerke EC. Crop losses to pests. J Agric Sci. 2005;144(01):31.Jouanin L, Bonadé-Bottino M, Girard C, Morrot G, Giband M. Transgenic plants for insect resistance. Plant Sci. 1998;131(1):1–11.Markwick NP, Docherty LC, Phung MM, Lester MT, Murray C, Yao JL, Mitra DS, Cohen D, Beuning LL, Kutty-Amma S, et al. 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El cultivo del caqui

En este libro se escribe del caqui en toda su amplitud, los mejores investigadores en las diferentes especialidades nos explican los resultados de la investigación y experiencias en fertirrigación, pies y variedades, sanidad vegetal, poda y postcosecha; acompañado y documentado de una amplia bibliografía de los investigadores de los principales países productores del mundo: China, Japón e Israel, e Italia, más que por su producción, por su continua y avanzada investigación. Este libro, fruto del trabajo de las diferentes líneas de investigación del producto, coordinada por el magnífico equipo de investigadores del IVIA, pone a disposición de la producción, postcosecha y comercialización todos los avances conocidos a nivel nacional e internacional

Uso de ésteres de (Z)-3-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas

La presente invención se refiere al uso de los ésteres acetato, propionato y butirato de (Z)-3-hexenüo, o de una composición que comprende dichos compuestos, para proteger plantas, en particular de cultivos agrícolas, frente a plagas, mediante la estimulación de los mecanismos de defensa que tienen las propias plantas. La invención también se refiere a un método para proteger plantas frente a plagas poniendo los mencionados ésteres en contacto con las plantas. [ES]The present invention relates to the use of the esters acetate, propionate and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, or of a composition comprising these compounds, to protect plants, in particular agricultural crops, against pests, by stimulating the defense mechanisms of the plants themselves. The invention also relates to a method for protecting plants against pests by bringing said esters into contact with the plants. [EN]Peer reviewedUniversitat Politècnica de València, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Biological control of the citrus leafminer 25 years after its introduction in the Valencia citrus growing area (Spain): a new player in the game

Natural enemies have been the key factor for the regulation of the citrus leafminer populations, Phyllocnistis citrella, since its introduction in Spain in 1993. The use of various broad-spectrum insecticides in citrus has been banned in recent years. This has led to an increase in the abundance and importance of the complex of generalist predators that inhabit the citrus canopy. In this work, we hypothesize that the incidence of P. citrella and the impact of its natural enemies would have changed due to the greater presence of generalist predators. Following the same protocols used in previous studies, three orchards located in Valencia, the major citrus-growing area of Spain, were monitored during 2017-2018. The incidence of P. citrella has decreased from 1.8-2.4 mines per leaf in 2006 to 0.93-1.98 in 2017-2018. This decrease could be attributed to the 43.0% increase of mortality by natural enemies compared to 2006. Currently, predation is the most important mortality factor. Predation resulted in 50.6% of the mortality caused by natural enemies compared to 34.6% in 2006. The first larval instar was the most susceptible to predation. Among the predators collected, the density of Pilophorus clavatus, a zoophytophagous mirid recently detected in Spanish citrus, was positively correlated with P. citrella predation. In the laboratory, females of P. clavatus preyed actively on second-instar P. citrella. Our results show the importance of conservation biological control in Spanish citrus and suggest that P. clavatus is occupying an important niche for the biological control of P. citrella

Uso de ésteres de (Z)-3-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas

[EN] The present invention relates to the use of the esters acetate, propionate and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, or of a composition comprising these compounds, to protect plants, in particular agricultural crops, against pests, by stimulating the defense mechanisms of the plants themselves. The invention also relates to a method for protecting plants against pests by bringing said esters into contact with the plants[ES] La presente invención se refiere al uso de los ésteres acetato, propionato y butirato de (Z)-3-hexenüo, o de una composición que comprende dichos compuestos, para proteger plantas, en particular de cultivos agrícolas, frente a plagas, mediante la estimulación de los mecanismos de defensa que tienen las propias plantas. La invención también se refiere a un método para proteger plantas frente a plagas poniendo los mencionados ésteres en contacto con las plantas.[FR] La presente invención se refiere al uso de los ésteres acetato, propionato y butirato de (Z)-3-hexenüo, o de una composición que comprende dichos compuestos, para proteger plantas, en particular de cultivos agrícolas, frente a plagas, mediante la estimulación de los mecanismos de defensa que tienen las propias plantas. La invención también se refiere a un método para proteger plantas frente a plagas poniendo los mencionados ésteres en contacto con las plantasPeer reviewedUniversitat Politècnica de València, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Uso de ésteres de (Z)-2-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas

Uso de ésteres de (Z)-3-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas. La presente invención se refiere al uso de los ésteres acetato, propionato y butirato de (Z)-3-hexenilo, o de una composición que comprende dichos compuestos, para proteger plantas, en particular de cultivos agrícolas, frente a plagas, mediante la estimulación de los mecanismos de defensa que tienen las propias plantas. La invención también se refiere a un método para proteger plantas frente a plagas poniendo los mencionados ésteres en contacto con las plantas.Peer reviewedUniversitat Politècnica de València, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Uso de ésteres de (Z)-3-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas

La presente invención se refiere al uso de los ésteres acetato, propionato y butirato de (Z)-3-hexenilo, o de una composición que comprende dichos compuestos, para proteger plantas, en particular de cultivos agrícolas, frente a plagas, mediante la estimulación de los mecanismos de defensa que tienen las propias plantas. La invención también se refiere a un método para proteger plantas frente a plagas poniendo los mencionados ésteres en contacto con las plantasPeer reviewedUniversitat Politècnica de València, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)B2 Patente con examen previ