Datación paleomagnética de la parte sur del dique de Messejana- Plasencia

A Paleomagnetic investigation of 11 sites across the southern part of Messejana-Plasencia dike has been carried out. The magnetic behaviour o f pilot samples indicates that thermal demagnetisation is more effective than alternating field cleaning (AF) in isolating the Characteristic Remanent Magnetisation (ChRM). Therefore thermal demagnetisation was systematically used with the remaining samples. The ChRM is well grouped. Most sites exhibit normal polarities with the exception of two sites, where samples with reversed polarities have been observed. The paleomagnetic pole derived from the sites is well defined, with values of Plat=72.5, Plong=243.7 and Al);=6.0. This coincides with the pole calculated in a previous investigation (Schott et at. 1981) o f the dike. It is also in agreement with Toarcian poles from the Iberian Range (Osete et al. 2000) and statistically different from the Oxfordian Pole obtained in the same region. Previous radiometric studies suggested that the age o f dike intrusion is 160-200Ma. Paleomagnetic data indicates that the age o f intrusion can be constrained between 180-200Ma

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Design, modelling and testing of electro-optical transmitters for the central pixel of the MAGIC telescope camera.

In this work we have built an electro-optical system for the transmission of low frequency analogue signals through optical fibre. The main goal was to achieve minimum pulse distortion with maximum dynamic range. The system has been used in the framework of the MAGIC telescope experiment for the transmission of the analogue output from a photo-multiplier dedicated to optical observation of astrophysical objects, in particular pulsars. The received signal polarizes an infrared LED (lambda=850 nm), which converts the pulse into an optical analogue pulse. The electro-optical pulse is transmitted by means of a multi-mode optic fibre and finally amplified and filtered by the optical receiver. The whole system has been tested using a pulse generator resembling the type of pulsed signal we expect from pulsars, that is with period of about tens of milli-seconds and few milli-seconds wide. The system was calibrated in order to: a) obtain a fixed relation between the received pulse and the final data and b) enhance the dynamic range and low distortion. In what follows, we show the behaviour of the optical transmitter under different pulse shapes, amplitude and frequencies up to several hundred Hz. The electro-optical system has been mounted on the MAGIC telescope and tested successfully with the observation of the pulsed optical signal from the Crab pulsar

Relación entre producción de leche y su contenido de Células somáticas, en lactancias completas en hatos lecheros de Puerto Rico

Information from 186 herds enrolled in the Puerto Rico Dairy Herd Improvement Program (PRDHIP) was analyzed to evaluate the effect of milk so- matic ceil count on milk production in complete lactations. The data set used consisted of 9,507 lactations from June 1981 to August 1983. The average somatic cell count over the whole lactation was used either as the original count or as the average of the natural logarithm thereof. Simple correlation coefficients between average logarithm somatic cell counts and daily and 305 days' milk production indexes within lactation were low but significant (P < 0.01), -0.04 and -0.03, respectively.The partial regression coefficient for the average logarithm of the somatic cell count on milk yield was highly significant (P < 0.01). The regression model included as independent variables the effects of herds, breed of cow, year of calving, month of calving nested within year, number of days dry, number of days open and number of days in milk. Decrease of 93 ± 10 kg of milk per lactation was found with each unit increase in the average natural logarithm of the somatic cell counts. This result suggests a higher loss in milk production per unit increase in the average natural logarithm at lower cell counts.The variability of the somatic cell counts within lactation did not significantly affect the milk production in 305 days.Se analizó información procedente de 186 hatos acogidos al Programa de Mejoramiento de Hatos Lecheros de Puerto Rico (DHIP) para determinar el efecto del contenido de células somáticas en la leche sobre la producción de leche en lactancias completas. El conjunto de datos incluyó 9,507 lactancias que se iniciaron entre junio de 1981 y agosto de 1983. Como indicadores del contenido de células somáticas se usaron los valores originales del conteo de células o el logaritmo natural de éstos. Las correlaciones simples entre los promedios por lactancia del logaritmo de células somáticas y los índices de producción de leche diaria y en 305 días fueron bajos, pero significativos (P < 0.01), -0.04 y -0.03, respectivamente. El coeficiente de regresión parcial entre el promedio logarítmico del contenido de células somáticas en la lactancia y la producción de leche también fue significativo (P < 0.01). El modelo de regresión utilizado corrigió para los efectos de hato, raza, año del parto y mes del parto anidado dentro de año, edad al parto en meses, número de días horro, número de días del parto a la preñez y número de días en producción. Se encontró una reducción promedio de 93 ± 10 kg de leche en 305 días por cada aumento de una unidad en el promedio del logaritmo natural de células somáticas en la leche de la lactancia. Los resultados sugieren una pérdida en producción de leche mayor por unidad de aumento en el logaritmo natural promedio a contajes bajos que a contajes altos de células somáticas. La amplitud de variación del contenido de células somáticas en muestreos individuales durante la lactancia no afectó significativamente la producción de leche en 305 días