Nidification of Polybia platycephala and Polistes versicolor (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) on Plants of Musa spp. In Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Social wasps are natural enemies of caterpillars and, therefore, they have potential to control insect pests in various crops. Three colonies of Polybia platycephala (Richards) and one of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) were found on plants of banana (Musa spp.) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. These colonies were at 3.50 m high, under the leaves, which provide shelter from environmental stress

Prey consumption and development of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae and Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs

The Chrysopidae family comprises natural enemies of agricultural and forest pests. This work evaluated the prey consumption and development of one species, Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), fed with Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions. Chrysoperla externa was reared with: newly laid or one-day-old S. frugiperda eggs; newly hatched, one- or twoday- old S. frugiperda larvae; or one-day-old A. kuehniella eggs. The number of prey offered varied with the development stage of C. externa. Larvae of C. externa and prey were transferred every 24 hours to fresh vials. Duration of the larval stage of C. externa was similar when fed with newly laid or one-day-old S. frugiperda eggs, newly hatched S. frugiperda larvae or A. kuehniella eggs. Larval survival of C. externa was 90.0 ± 2.5% when fed with A. kuehniella eggs and 73.3 ± 18.32% with newly hatched S. frugiperda larvae. Chrysoperla externa consumed high numbers of eggs of A. kuehniella and high weights of one-day-old eggs or newly hatched larvae of S. frugiperda or eggs of A. kuehniella. Chrysoperla externa could not be successfully reared in the laboratory on one- or two-dayold S. frugiperda larvae, but could on eggs of both preys and newly hatched S. frugiperda larvae

Genetic and oceanographic tools reveal high population connectivity and diversity in the endangered pen shell Pinna nobilis

For marine meta-populations with source-sink dynamics knowledge about genetic connectivity is important to conserve biodiversity and design marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluate connectivity of a Mediterranean sessile species, Pinna nobilis. To address a large geographical scale, partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI, 590 bp) were used to evaluate phylogeographical patterns in the Western Mediterranean, and in the whole basin using overlapping sequences from the literature (243 bp). Additionally, we combined (1) larval trajectories based on oceanographic currents and early life-history traits and (2) 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci collected in the Western Mediterranean. COI results provided evidence for high diversity and low inter-population differentiation. Microsatellite genotypes showed increasing genetic differentiation with oceanographic transport time (isolation by oceanographic distance (IBD) set by marine currents). Genetic differentiation was detected between Banyuls and Murcia and between Murcia and Mallorca. However, no genetic break was detected between the Balearic populations and the mainland. Migration rates together with numerical Lagrangian simulations showed that (i) the Ebro Delta is a larval source for the Balearic populations (ii) Alicante is a sink population, accumulating allelic diversity from nearby populations. The inferred connectivity can be applied in the development of MPA networks in the Western MediterraneanProject MEDEICG funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2009-07013)IEH was supported by Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2014-14970Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness IFCT Investigator Programme-Career Development (IF/00998/2014)MGW and AHE was supported by FCT fellowships SFRH/BPD/63703/2009 and SFRH/BPD/107878/2015National Science Foundation (OCE-1419450)CCMAR team via excellence research line EXCL/AAG-GLO/0661/2012Ciencias del Ma

Entre consumos suntuários e comuns: a posse de objetos exóticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (séculos XVI – XVII)

O estudo da documentação referente aos doadores da Misericórdia do Porto entre os séculos XVI e XVII, através dos objetos exóticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- tários – estes últimos provenientes de uma área que se estende de Macau ao Brasil –, permite discernir uma panóplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territórios da expansão portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemático permitiu já rastrear, até o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentarão aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, não obstante possuírem bens móveis nesse âmbito, não são dados como tendo estado nos territórios de expansão transoceânica. Argumentar-se-á que essa circulação de objetos não foi exclusiva das elites nobiliárquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusão atingiu maiores proporções do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido até agora. A cidade em observação neste estudo – o Porto dos séculos XVI e XVII – estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse período, quer em dimensão territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa região de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigração interna e externa – o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasião de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuíam bens exóticos, mas estes encontravam-se também entre mercadores e até artesãos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansão transoceânica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the Misericórdia of the city of Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin, seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in this study – Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – was not one of the bigger cities in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao Coronavírus em estudantes de medicina: Dysfunctional levels of Coronavirus-related anxiety in medical students

As preocupações com a saúde mental das pessoas afetadas pela pandemia de coronavírus não foram abordadas adequadamente. Isso é surpreendente, uma vez que tragédias em massa, particularmente aquelas que envolvem doenças infecciosas, muitas vezes desencadeiam ondas de medo e ansiedade elevados que são conhecidos por causar perturbações maciças no comportamento e no bem-estar psicológico de muitos na população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar os níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática sobre a temática

Comparative toxicity of six insecticides on the Rhinoceros Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Strategus aloeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a dangerous pest of oil palms in the Americas, because the adults cause several kinds of damage and kill palm trees. Effective methods for pest management are needed urgently. Bioassays were conducted to compare the toxicity to S. aloeus of the insecticides: fipronil, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam. The toxicity of each insecticide to the adults of S. aloeus was determined as: (1) the LC50 and LC90 under laboratory conditions, after exposure of six concentrations of each insecticide applied in a semi-solid diet and used to feed each insect and (2) the mortality under semi-controlled field conditions after applications of insecticides into the beetle galleries in the oil palm tree. The mortality of S. aloeus was higher with fipronil, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam, while spinosad and thiacloprid were less effective. Higher mortalities were obtained with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 µL mL-1 for determining LC50 values and 50, 100 µL mL-1 for determining LC90 values during 72 h. The mortalities of S. aloeus had similar tendencies under laboratory and semi-controlled field conditions. Fipronil, imidacloprid, lambdacyhalothrin and thiamethoxam caused substantial mortality in S. aloeus and, thus, can be used rotationally in integrated pest management programs (IPM) against this pest in the oil palm plantations.Strategus aloeus es una plaga peligrosa de la palma de aceite en América porque los adultos causan diversos daños y matan las palmas. Esto sugiere la necesidad de buscar métodos efectivos para el control de plagas. Se llevaron a cabo bioensayos para comparar la toxicidad del fipronil, imidacloprid, lambdacialotrina, spinosad, tiacloprid y tiametoxam sobre S. aloeus. La toxicidad de cada insecticida sobre adultos de S. aloeus fue determinada: (1) la concentración letal CL50 y CL90 en condiciones de laboratorio, después de la exposición de seis concentraciones de cada insecticida aplicadas en una dieta semisólida y utilizada para alimentar cada insecto y (2) mortalidad en condiciones semi-controladas de campo con la aplicación de insecticidas sobre galerías hechas por los insectos en árboles de palma de aceite. La mortalidad de S. aloeus fue mayor con fipronil, imidacloprid, lambdacialotrina y tiametoxam, mientras spinosad y tiacloprid fueron menos eficaces. Altas mortalidades se obtuvieron con concentraciones de 12.5, 25, 50 µL mL-1 para la CL50 y CL90, 100 µL mL-1 para la CL90 durante 72 horas. La mortalidad de S. aloeus fue similar en las condiciones controladas de laboratorio y de campo. La acción insecticida de esos compuestos puede ser producido debido a su capacidad de penetrar rápidamente en el cuerpo del insecto y afectar el sistema nervioso. Los insecticidas como fipronil, imidacloprid, lambdacialotrina y tiametoxam causaron mortalidad en S. aloeus y, por lo tanto, pueden ser utilizados en programas de Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP) de esa plaga en plantaciones de palma de aceite