Does Emotion Regulation Predict Gains in Exercise-Induced Fitness? A Prospective Mixed-Effects Study with Elite Helicopter Pilots

The authors deeply thank the collaboration of the pilots of BHELA-1; their commanders, specially Lieutenant-Colonel Santiago Juan Fenández Ortiz-Repiso and commander Alberto José Cherino Muñoz; and the personnel of MADOC (Army of Spain), especially Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo Rebollo Gómez.Emotion regulation (ER) is a strong predictor of different aspects of mental health and wellbeing. However, only recently has ER been examined in relation to physical activity and its effects on fitness. In the present study, 26 elite helicopter pilots, serving in the Spanish Air Force, were physically trained for 6 months, and their level of fitness (maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion in a treadmill-running test) was assessed before and after that period. Additionally, two indices of emotion regulation (general adaptiveness of ER strategies, as measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and negative urgency, as measured by the UPPS-P questionnaire) measured at baseline were used as prospective predictors of fitness improvement. After controlling for individual features, baseline fitness, and type of training, better emotion regulation strategies (more cognitive reappraisal plus less expressive suppression) predicted larger fitness gains (p = 0.028). Incidental emotion regulation, as measured by the negative urgency index, failed to predict pre–post-fitness changes (p = 0.734). These results suggest that fostering emotion regulation skills may improve the effectiveness of fitness training programs.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain DEP2013-48211-RSpanish Government (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion) PSI2017-85488-PSpanish Government (Convocatoria 2017 de Proyectos I+D de Excelencia, Spain) PSI2017-85488-PEuropean Union (EU) PSI2017-85488-

Docencia asistida por ordenador en infografía

La docencia asistida por ordenador se aplica a diferentes y muy diversas áreas o materias. En nuestro caso, hemos elegido los gráficos por ordenador por ser un tema donde inherentemente aparecen conceptos gráficos e interactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un entorno donde el alumno pueda acceder a la gran mayoría de conceptos básicos relacionados con la Infografía. Está orientado a un primer curso de Informática Gráfica de una Ingeniería Técnica. Como objetivo complementario, el proyecto pretende, además de suministrar la información fundamental para el buen desarrollo de la asignatura, orientar al estudiante y ayudar al docente en dicha materia para una posterior y mayor formación. Por ello, se incluyen direcciones de interés en Internet, bibliografía complementaria y específica, asociaciones relacionadas, software shareware, congresos y conferencias. La utilización del lenguaje Java1 hace posible una interactividad completa. Finalmente, otro objetivo fundamental es la ampliación de las librerías de Java para incluir nuevos métodos gráficos tridimensionales.Eje: Ateneo de profesores universitarios de computaciión. Informática educativaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Docencia asistida por ordenador en infografía

La docencia asistida por ordenador se aplica a diferentes y muy diversas áreas o materias. En nuestro caso, hemos elegido los gráficos por ordenador por ser un tema donde inherentemente aparecen conceptos gráficos e interactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un entorno donde el alumno pueda acceder a la gran mayoría de conceptos básicos relacionados con la Infografía. Está orientado a un primer curso de Informática Gráfica de una Ingeniería Técnica. Como objetivo complementario, el proyecto pretende, además de suministrar la información fundamental para el buen desarrollo de la asignatura, orientar al estudiante y ayudar al docente en dicha materia para una posterior y mayor formación. Por ello, se incluyen direcciones de interés en Internet, bibliografía complementaria y específica, asociaciones relacionadas, software shareware, congresos y conferencias. La utilización del lenguaje Java1 hace posible una interactividad completa. Finalmente, otro objetivo fundamental es la ampliación de las librerías de Java para incluir nuevos métodos gráficos tridimensionales.Eje: Ateneo de profesores universitarios de computaciión. Informática educativaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Gaming passion contributes to the definition and identification of problematic gaming

Even if for most people playing video games is a healthy leisure activity, a minority of vulnerable users present an excessive use associated to negative consequences (e.g., psychosocial maladjustment, sleep interference) and functional impairment. The current study first aims to identify psychological factors that contribute to discriminate highly involved (but healthy) gamers from problematic gamers. For that purpose, we used a cluster analysis approach to identify different groups of gamers based on their profiles of passion towards gaming (using the Dualistic Model of Passion). Another objective of the present study is to explore, using supervised machine-learning, how gaming disorder symptoms, assessed within the substance use disorder framework (e.g., tolerance, withdrawal), might be linked to harmonious and/or an obsessive passion for gaming. Three distinct clusters of gamers were identified based on their passion profiles, including risky gamers, engaged gamers, and casual gamers. Supervised machine-learning algorithms identified that specific gaming disorder symptoms (salience, mood modification, tolerance, low level of conflict) were predominantly related to harmonious passion, whereas others (withdrawal, high level of conflict, relapse) were more directly related to obsessive passion. Our results support the relevance of person-centered approaches to the treatment of problematic gaming

Stepwise synthesis of RNA conjugates carrying peptide sequences for RNA interference studies

Oligoribonucleotide conjugates carrying nuclear localization peptide sequences at the 3?-end were prepared stepwise on a single support. The siRNA duplex carrying the nuclear localization peptide sequence at the 3?-end of the passenger strand has similar inhibitory properties as those of unmodified or cholesterol-modified RNA duplexes.Oligoribonucleotide conjugates carrying nuclear localization peptide sequences at the 3?-end were prepared stepwise on a single support. The siRNA duplex carrying the nuclear localization peptide sequence at the 3?-end of the passenger strand has similar inhibitory properties as those of unmodified or cholesterol-modified RNA duplexes.Peer reviewe

The Brain Network of Expectancy and Uncertainty Processing

[Background] The Stimulus Preceding Negativity (SPN) is a non-motor slow cortical potential elicited by temporally predictable stimuli, customarily interpreted as a physiological index of expectancy. Its origin would be the brain activity responsible for generating the anticipatory mental representation of an expected upcoming event. The SPN manifests itself as a slow cortical potential with negative slope, growing in amplitude as the stimulus approximates. The uncertainty hypothesis we present here postulates that the SPN is linked to control-related areas in the prefrontal cortex that become more active before the occurrence of an upcoming outcome perceived as uncertain. [Methods/Findings] We tested the uncertainty hypothesis by using a repeated measures design in a Human Contingency Learning task with two levels of uncertainty. In the high uncertainty condition, the outcome is unpredictable. In the mid uncertainty condition, the outcome can be learnt to be predicted in 75% of the trials. Our experiment shows that the Stimulus Preceding Negativity is larger for probabilistically unpredictable (uncertain) outcomes than for probabilistically predictable ones. sLoreta estimations of the brain activity preceding the outcome suggest that prefrontal and parietal areas can be involved in its generation. Prefrontal sites activation (Anterior Cingulate and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex) seems to be related to the degree of uncertainty. Activation in posterior parietal areas, however, does not correlates with uncertainty. [Conclusions/Significance] We suggest that the Stimulus Preceding Negativity reflects the attempt to predict the outcome, when posterior brain areas fail to generate a stable expectancy. Uncertainty is thus conceptualized, not just as the absence of learned expectancy, but as a state with psychological and physiological entity.Research by A. Catena is funded by CONSOLIDER-INGENIO CSD2007-00012 (http://www.bcbl.eu/consolider/index.php). Research by J.C. Perales is founded by a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) grant (Dirección General de Programas y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Ref. PSI2009-13133, http://www.micinn.es/). Research by A. Catena, A. Candido, and A. Maldonado is founded by a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) grant (Dirección General de Programas y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Ref. PSI2009-12217, http://www.micinn.es/). Research was also founded by a Junta de Andalucía grant (Reference P09/SEJ-4752, http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/servicios​/ayudas/detalle/69962.html)

One-dimensional dynamics of nearly unstable axisymmetric liquid bridges

A general one-dimensional model is considered that describes the dynamics of slender, axisymmetric, noncylindrical liquid bridges between two equal disks. Such model depends on two adjustable parameters and includes as particular cases the standard Lee and Cosserat models. For slender liquid bridges, the model provides sufficiently accurate results and involves much easier and faster calculations than the full three-dimensional model. In particular, viscous effects are easily accounted for. The one-dimensional model is used to derive a simple weakly nonlinear description of the dynamics near the instability limit. Small perturbations of marginal instability conditions are also considered that account for volume perturbations, nonequality of the supporting disks, and axial gravity. The analysis shows that the dynamics breaks the reflection symmetry on the midplane between the supporting disks. The weakly nonlinear evolution of the amplitude of the perturbation is given by a Duffing equation, whose coefficients are calculated in terms of the slenderness as a part of the analysis and exhibit a weak dependence on the adjustable parameters of the one-dimensional model. The amplitude equation is used to make quantitative predictions of both the (first stage of) breakage for unstable configurations and the (slow) dynamics for stable configurations

頭部外傷の治療(交通事故による脳障害,第48回千葉医学会学術大会,第17回千葉県医師会学術大会,第10回日医医学講座,連合大会)

BACKGROUND:The negative consequences of energy dense foods are well known, yet people increasingly make unhealthy food choices leading to obesity (i.e., risky decisions). The aims of this study were: [1] to compare performance in decision-making tasks under risk and under ambiguity between individuals with obesity, overweight and normal weight; [2] to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and decision-making, and the degree to which these associations are modulated by reward sensitivity. METHODS:Seventy-nine adults were recruited and classified in three groups according to their BMI: obesity, overweight and normal-weight. Groups were similar in terms of age, education and socio-economic status, and were screened for comorbid medical and mental health conditions. Decision-making under risk was measured via the Wheel of Fortune Task (WoFT) and decision-making under ambiguity via the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Reward sensitivity was indicated by the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). RESULTS:Individuals with obesity made riskier choices in the WoFT, specifically in choices with an expected value close to zero and in the propensity to risk index. No differences were found in IGT performance or SPSRQ scores. BMI was associated with risk-taking (WoFT performance), independently of reward sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS:Obesity is linked to a propensity to make risky decisions in experimental conditions analogous to everyday food choices

Dissociable Effects of Executive Load on Perceived Exertion and Emotional Valence during Submaximal Cycling

Endurance physical exercise is accompanied by subjective perceptions of exertion (reported perceived exertion, RPE), emotional valence, and arousal. These constructs have been hypothesized to serve as the basis for the exerciser to make decisions regarding when to stop, how to regulate pace, and whether or not to exercise again. In dual physical-cognitive tasks, the mental (executive) workload generated by the cognitive task has been shown to influence these perceptions, in ways that could also influence exercise-related decisions. In the present work, we intend to replicate and extend previous findings that manipulating the amount of executive load imposed by a mental task, performed concomitantly with a submaximal cycling session, influenced emotional states but not perceived exertion. Participants (experienced triathletes) were asked to perform a submaximal cycling task in two conditions with different executive demands (a two-back version of the n-back task vs. oddball) but equated in external physical load. Results showed that the higher executive load condition elicited more arousal and less positive valence than the lower load condition. However, both conditions did not differ in RPE. This experimental dissociation suggests that perceived exertion and its emotional correlates are not interchangeable, which opens the possibility that they could play different roles in exercise-related decision-making.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion; Convocatoria 2017 de Proyectos I + D, de Retos a la Sociedad; Spain) DEP2017-89879-RSpanish Government (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion; Convocatoria 2017 de Proyectos I + D de Excelencia, Spain - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, European Union) PSI2017-85488-

Common Octopus Aquaculture in

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