Humanos en construcción. Arquitecturas de la espacialidad y existencia

La misión del siguiente escrito es elaborar un estudio acerca de las ideas con relación al espacio y el lenguaje mediante líneas de pensamiento específicas en lo relevante a la habitación de éstos. Para conocer al espacio se le preguntará sobre su génesis, incitando la reflexión acerca de su limitación y significado, que acontecen con relación a la existencia del humano en una circunstancia instaurada. Seguidamente, el protagonismo recaerá sobre el sujeto que deberá crear, a modo de artista, el sentido de su existencia en un espacio impuesto, habitado y colectivo. A su paso, no quedarán espacios para no tratar: espacios dedicados a la intimidad y vulnerabilidad del sujeto, espacios vaciados y espacios otros o heterotopías. Sintetizando, la idea principal es cuestionarnos tanto la posibilidad como el poder de estructuras espaciales -arquitecturas- vinculadas al sujeto.The aim of the following writing is to develop a continuous path between the ideas in relation to space and spatiality, through specific lines of thought in which is relevant to their room. In order to know the space, it will be asked about its genesis, prompting reflection about its limitation and the meaning that takes place in relation to the existence of the human in an established circumstance. Next, the main protagonism will fall on the subject who must create, as an artist, the meaning of his existence in an imposed, inhabited and collective space. In its way, there will be no spaces left to not deal with: spaces dedicated to the intimacy and vulnerability of the subject, emptied spaces and other spaces or heterotopias. Synthesizing, the main idea is to question both the possibility and the power of spatial structures -architectures- linked to the subject.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Filosofí

Prevalência e fatores de risco relacionados ao uso de drogas entre escolares

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence and risk factors associated with drug abuse among public elementary and high school students in the southern city of Florianópolis, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a standardized questionnaire created during the 4th National Survey on Drug Abuse. Four hundred and seventy-eight students were interviewed by trained college students. Of the interviewees, 43% aged 13--15 years and 32% aged 16--18 years and they had a higher socioeconomic status than the national average. RESULTS: Ever use prevalence for alcohol, marijuana, solvent drugs and amphetamines was 86.8%, 19.9%, 18.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Regular use (6 or more times per month) of alcohol, marijuana, solvent drugs and amphetamines was found in 24.2%, 4.9%, 2.5% and 2.3% of students, respectively, a higher percentage when compared to other southern states' capitals and the national average. Age, sex, social status and living with both parents were significantly associated with drug abuse. Girls were twice as likely to consume weight loss drugs and stimulants, and almost three times more likely to use tranquilizers without medical prescription. Boys were almost twice as likely to use solvent drugs. Higher social students were twice as likely to consume alcohol than those of lower social status. Cigarette and marijuana smoking, respectively, were 84% and 67% more likely among students whose parents were separated. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of drug use among elementary and high school students in Florianópolis.OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores de risco relacionados ao uso indevido de drogas entre estudantes de uma escola pública de primeiro e segundo graus. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo descritivo transversal, utilizando, como instrumento de pesquisa, um questionário anônimo, padronizado e amplamente testado no Brasil para levantamento do uso de drogas. A população estudada foi constituída de 478 estudantes de escola pública de primeiro e segundo graus, de Florianópolis, SC. Os questionários foram aplicados por estudantes universitários devidamente treinados. Entre os estudantes pesquisados, 43% e 32% foram de faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos e de 16 a 18 anos, respectivamente, com predomínio de classes socioeconômicas mais altas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de uso de maconha na vida (19,9%), solventes (18,2%), anfetamínicos (8,4%) e álcool (86,8%) foi elevada em Florianópolis, comparada a outras capitais da região Sul e à média brasileira. Notou-se elevado e freqüente uso (seis ou mais vezes por mês) de álcool (24,2%), maconha (4,9%), solventes (2,5%) e anfetamínicos (2,3%). Os fatores demográficos relacionados ao uso de drogas na vida foram idade, sexo, classe socioeconômica e vida junto aos pais. A chance de garotas usarem remédios para emagrecer ou ficarem acordadas foi o dobro da chance de garotos e, quanto ao uso de tranqüilizantes, quase o triplo. Os garotos tinham um risco quase duas vezes maior de uso de solvente do que as garotas. A classe socioeconômica alta foi associada a um risco duas vezes maior do uso de álcool do que a classe baixa. O risco de uso de cigarro e maconha na vida foi 84% e 67% maior, respectivamente, para alunos cujos pais estavam separados. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se alta prevalência de uso de várias drogas entre os alunos de primeiro e segundo graus

Dimensional crossover of the fundamental-measure functional for parallel hard cubes

We present a regularization of the recently proposed fundamental-measure functional for a mixture of parallel hard cubes. The regularized functional is shown to have right dimensional crossovers to any smaller dimension, thus allowing to use it to study highly inhomogeneous phases (such as the solid phase). Furthermore, it is shown how the functional of the slightly more general model of parallel hard parallelepipeds can be obtained using the zero-dimensional functional as a generating functional. The multicomponent version of the latter system is also given, and it is suggested how to reformulate it as a restricted-orientation model for liquid crystals. Finally, the method is further extended to build a functional for a mixture of parallel hard cylinders.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, uses revtex style files and multicol.sty, for a PostScript version see http://dulcinea.uc3m.es/users/cuesta/cross.p

Using Genetics in Periodontal Disease to Justify Implant Failure in Down Syndrome Patients

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response

Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current studyJunta de Andalucía Consejería de Salud PI-0081-201

Retrospective case-control study genes related to bone metabolism that justify the condition of periodontal disease and failure of dental implants in patients with down syndrome

Abstract: Down syndrome patients show success rates in dental implants much lower than those observed in the general population. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify possible genes that are related to the regulation of inflammatory responses and bone metabolism related to periimplantitis and implant loss, as well as genes related to bone quality. This process involved using the functional analysis of the gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for possible candidate genes involved. The focus was placed on the 93 genes related to periodontitis, periimplantitis, bone loss, implant loss, and genes related to bone quality and regulators underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration. Five genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Four of them, IL1B (p = 0.023), IL1RN (p = 0.048), BGLAP (p = 0.0372) and PTK2 (p = 0.0075) were down-regulated in the periodontal disease and implant rejection group, and only one was overexpressed: FOXO1A (p = 0.0552). The genes with statistically significant alterations described in this article determine that the group of Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure is a group of patients genetically susceptible to suffering from both conditions together

Differential Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Down Syndrome Patients with or without Periodontal Disease

Aim. Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature. Materials and Methods. Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels. Results. Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially, four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a p value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (p = 0:0448), ITGB2 (p = 0:0033), ANXA3 (p = 0:0479), and ANXA5 (p = 0:016). Conclusions. There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease

Detection of NOTCH1 mutations in paraffin samples in patients with potentially malignant lesions

On certain occasions, oral cancer is preceded by potentially malignant lesions. The degree of dysplasia in Guinea pigs attempts to determine the risk of developing a malignant lesion. The search for genetic mutations, biomarkers, as a more truthful and r