Aim. Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is
to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients
with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship
with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature. Materials and Methods. Case study and controls on eleven Down
Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit
when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using
a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with
more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels. Results. Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially,
four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a p value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA
processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (p = 0:0448), ITGB2 (p = 0:0033), ANXA3 (p = 0:0479), and
ANXA5 (p = 0:016). Conclusions. There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients
when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease