Las fronteras (étnicas) de la nación y los tropos del nacionalismo

Sin resume

Hollow Au/Ag nanostars displaying broad plasmonic resonance and high surface-enhanced Raman sensitivity

9 pas.; 7 figs.; 2 tabs.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry. Bimetallic Au/Ag hollow nanostar (HNS) nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in this work. These nanoplatforms were obtained by changing the experimental conditions (concentration of silver and chemical reductors, hydroxylamine and citrate) and by using Ag nanostars as template nanoparticles (NPs) through galvanic replacement. The goal of this research was to create bimetallic Au/Ag star-shaped nanoparticles with advanced properties displaying a broader plasmonic resonance, a cleaner exposed surface, and a high concentration of electromagnetic hot spots on the surface provided by the special morphology of nanostars. The size, shape, and composition of Ag as well as their optical properties were studied by extinction spectroscopy, hyperspectral dark field microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Finally, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of these HNS was investigated by using thioflavin T, a biomarker of the β-amyloid fibril formation, responsible for Alzheimer's disease. Lucigenin, a molecule displaying different SERS activities on Au and Ag, was also used to explore the presence of these metals on the NP surface. Thus, a relationship between the morphology, plasmon resonance and SERS activity of these new NPs was made.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, grant FIS2014-52212- R). A. G.-L. acknowledges CSIC and FSE 2007–2013 for a JAE-CSIC predoctoral grant.Peer Reviewe

Identifying past social-ecological thresholds to understand long-term temporal dynamics in Spain

A thorough understanding of long-term temporal social-ecological dynamics at the national scale helps to explain the current condition of a country’s ecosystems and to support environmental policies to tackle future sustainability challenges. We aimed to develop a methodological approach to understand past long-term (1960-2010) social-ecological dynamics in Spain. First, we developed a methodical framework that allowed us to explore complex social-ecological dynamics among biodiversity, ecosystem services, human well-being, drivers of change, and institutional responses. Second, we compiled 21 long-term, national-scale indicators and analyzed their temporal relationships through a redundancy analysis. Third, we used a Bayesian change point analysis to detect evidence of past social-ecological thresholds and historical time periods. Our results revealed that Spain has passed through four socialecological thresholds that define five different time periods of nature and society relationships. Finally, we discussed how the proposed methodological approach helps to reinterpret national-level ecosystem indicators through a new conceptual lens to develop a more systems-based way of understanding long-term social-ecological patterns and dynamicsThis work was supported by the Biodiversity Foundation (http://www.fundacion-biodiversidad.es/) of the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Partial financial support was also provided by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (project CGL2014-53782-P: ECOGRADIENTES). The Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA) funded Marina García-Llorente as part of the European Social Fund. Blanca González García-Mon participated in this article as a “la Caixa” Banking Foundation scholar. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the report, or the decision to submit the study for publicatio

Ģeogrāfija. Ģeoloģija. Vides zinātne: referātu tēzes

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires with uniform diameter were prepared by the solvothermal method using ethylenediamine (en) as solvent. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the products are hexagonal crystals of CdS nanowires with diameter of 28 nm and length up to several micrometres. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) studies indicate the single-crystalline nature of CdS nanowires with an oriented growth along the c-axis direction. The absorption spectrum of the as-prepared CdS nanowires shows an absorption peak of around 485 nm. These CdS nanowires exhibit bright photoluminescence (PL) with two distinct emission bands at 502 nm and 696 nm.Peer Reviewe

Craniosynostosis surgery: workflow based on virtual surgical planning, intraoperative navigation and 3D printed patient-specific guides and templates

Craniosynostosis must often be corrected using surgery, by which the affected bone tissue is remodeled. Nowadays, surgical reconstruction relies mostly on the subjective judgement of the surgeon to best restore normal skull shape, since remodeled bone is manually placed and fixed. Slight variations can compromise the cosmetic outcome. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate a novel workflow for patient-specific correction of craniosynostosis based on intraoperative navigation and 3D printing. The workflow was followed in five patients with craniosynostosis. Virtual surgical planning was performed, and patient-specific cutting guides and templates were designed and manufactured. These guides and templates were used to control osteotomies and bone remodeling. An intraoperative navigation system based on optical tracking made it possible to follow preoperative virtual planning in the operating room through real-time positioning and 3D visualization. Navigation accuracy was estimated using intraoperative surface scanning as the gold-standard. An average error of 0.62 mm and 0.64 mm was obtained in the remodeled frontal region and supraorbital bar, respectively. Intraoperative navigation is an accurate and reproducible technique for correction of craniosynostosis that enables optimal translation of the preoperative plan to the operating room. © 2019, The Author(s).This work has been supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, project “PI18/01625”, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way of making Europe”

Green and blue materials for the ceramic industry from pink MgCoxNi1-xSiO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solutions

In this study, MgCoxNi1-xSiO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) solid solutions with an olivine structure were synthetized via the chemical coprecipitation method and materials with a smaller M(II) (M = Co, Ni) amount than Co2SiO4 and Ni2SiO4 compounds were obtained. At 1200 °C, the Co(II) and Ni(II) were randomly distributed in the MgCoxNi1-xSiO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) solid solutions with the olivine structure, but the occupation of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in M1 (4a) octahedral sites was obtained at a higher level than in M2 (4c) octahedral sites. The Mg(II) ions prefer the M2 sites. This preference explains the main contribution of the M1 sites in spectra of octahedral Co(II) ions and the M1-O and M2-O distances jointly explain the pink colour of the MgCoxNi1-xSiO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) solid solutions, while the colour of Co2SiO4 is blue. Spectra can be interpreted as the sum of Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in octahedral sites. When these solid solutions are enamelled, the pink colouring changes to green or blue because of the presence of tetrahedral Co(II).Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

On the processing time for detection of Skype traffic

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. [P. M. Santiago del Río. J. Ramos, J. L. García-Dorado, J. Aracil, A. Cuadra-Sánchez, and M. Cutanda-Rodríguez, "On the processing time for detection of Skype traffic", in 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2011, p. 1784 - 1788The last few years have witnessed VoIP applications gaining a tremendous popularity and Skype, in particular, is leading this continuous expansion. Unfortunately, Skype follows a closed source and proprietary design, and typically uses encryption mechanisms, making it very difficult to identify its presence from a traffic aggregate. Several algorithms and approaches have been proposed to perform such task with promising results in terms of accuracy. However, such approaches typically require significant computation resources and it is unlikely that they can be deployed in nowadays high-speed networks. In this light, this paper focuses on cutting the processing cost of algorithms to detect Skype traffic. We have conveniently tuned a previous well-validated algorithm and we have assessed its performance. To this end, we have used real traces from public repositories, from a Spanish 3G operator, and synthetic traces. Our results show that a single process can detect Skype traffic at 1 Gbps rates reading replayed real traces directly from a NIC. Even more, 3.7 Gbps are achieved reading from traces previously allocated in memory using a single process and 45 Gbps using 16 concurrent processes. This fact paves the way for 10 Gbps processing in commodity hardware

Nuevos registros y notas adicionales comentadas sobre la avifauna de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México

El conocimiento detallado de la avifauna en una región constituye una valiosa base de datos que permite examinar cambios temporales de la riqueza y tamaños poblacionales de las especies, para actualizar su estado de conservación y desarrollar planes de manejo. El objetivo de este artículo es actualizar la lista de aves de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México y aportar datos específicos y puntuales sobre los registros considerados como nuevos a lo previamente publicado por González-García et al. (2014). Añadimos 12 nuevos registros para la avifauna de la ciudad de Xalapa e incluimos a 48 especies con información que consideramos relevante para la zona urbana de la ciudad. Los nuevos registros añadidos son de dos especies residentes y de diez especies migratorias neotropicales (i.e., Anas clypeata, Aythya americana, Aythya collaris, Podiceps nigricollis, Botaurus lentiginosus, Elanoides forficatus, Laterallus ruber, Porzana carolina, Tringa solitaria, Chlidonias niger, Ridgwayia pinicola y Setophaga nigrescens). Tomando en cuenta estas aportaciones, el número total de especies de aves registradas en la zona urbana de Xalapa durante las últimas tres décadas asciende de 329 a 341.El conocimiento detallado de la avifauna en una región constituye una valiosa base de datos que permite examinar cambios temporales de la riqueza y tamaños poblacionales de las especies, para actualizar su estado de conservación y desarrollar planes de manejo. El objetivo de este artículo es actualizar la lista de aves de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México y aportar datos específicos y puntuales sobre los registros considerados como nuevos a lo previamente publicado por González-García et al. (2014). Añadimos 12 nuevos registros para la avifauna de la ciudad de Xalapa e incluimos a 48 especies con información que consideramos relevante para la zona urbana de la ciudad. Los nuevos registros añadidos son de dos especies residentes y de diez especies migratorias neotropicales (i.e., Anas clypeata, Aythya americana, Aythya collaris, Podiceps nigricollis, Botaurus lentiginosus, Elanoides forficatus, Laterallus ruber, Porzana carolina, Tringa solitaria, Chlidonias niger, Ridgwayia pinicola y Setophaga nigrescens). Tomando en cuenta estas aportaciones, el número total de especies de aves registradas en la zona urbana de Xalapa durante las últimas tres décadas asciende de 329 a 341