98 research outputs found

    Benthic Foraminiferal response to sea level change in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system of southern Ashmore Trough (Gulf of Papua)

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    Ashmore Trough in the western Gulf of Papua (GoP) represents an outstanding modern example of a tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate depositional system where significant masses of both river-borne silicates and bank-derived neritic carbonates accumulate. In this study, we examine how benthic foraminiferal populations within Ashmore Trough vary in response to sea level–driven paleoenvironmental changes, particularly organic matter and sediment supply. Two 11.3-m-long piston cores and a trigger core were collected from the slope of Ashmore Trough and dated using radiocarbon and oxygen isotope measurements of planktic foraminifera. Relative abundances, principal component analyses, and cluster analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in sediment samples identify three distinct assemblages whose proportions changed over time. Assemblage 1, with high abundances of Uvigerina peregrina and Bolivina robusta, dominated between ∌83 and 70 ka (early regression); assemblage 2, with high abundances of Globocassidulina subglobosa, dominated between ∌70 and 11 ka (late regression through lowstand and early transgression); and assemblage 3, with high abundances of neritic benthic species such as Planorbulina mediterranensis, dominated from ∌11 ka to the present (late transgression through early highstand). Assemblage 1 represents heightened organic carbon flux or lowered bottom water oxygen concentration, and corresponds to a time of maximum siliciclastic fluxes to the slope with falling sea level. Assemblage 2 reflects lowered organic carbon flux or elevated bottom water oxygen concentration, and corresponds to an interval of lowered siliciclastic fluxes to the slope due to sediment bypass during sea level lowstand. Assemblage 3 signals increased off-shelf delivery of neritic carbonates, likely when carbonate productivity on the outer shelf (Great Barrier Reef) increased significantly when it was reflooded. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the sediment sink (slopes of Ashmore Trough) likely respond to the amount and type of sediment supplied from the proximal source (outer GoP shelf)

    Deltaic and Coastal Sediments as Recorders of Mediterranean Regional Climate and Human Impact Over the Past Three Millennia

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    This work was financially supported by the MISTRALS/PaleoMex program and by the Project of Strategic Interest NextData PNR 2011–2013 (www. nextdataproject.it). Lionel Savignan is thanked for his participation in the biomarker analysis. Radiocarbon datings for core KESC9-14 have been funded by Institut Carnot Ifremer-EDROME (grant A0811101). We also thank the Holocene North-Atlantic Gyres and Mediterranean Overturning dynamic through Climate Changes (HAMOC) project for financial support. The biomarker data presented here are available in the supporting information.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Experimental evidence for the shallow production of phonolitic magmas at Mayotte

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    Since May 2018 till the end of 2021, Mayotte island has been the locus of a major submarine volcanic eruption characterized by the offshore emission of more than 6.5 km of basanitic magma. The eruption occurred along a WNW–ESE trending submarine ridge on the east flank of the island where, in addition, several seemingly recent phonolitic bodies were also identified close to the island. To define realistic scenarios of magma ascent and potentially predict the style of an upcoming event, it is crucial to have a precise understanding on the plumbing system operating below volcanoes. The putative relationships between basanites emitted by the new volcano and these recent phonolites have been experimentally explored by performing crystallization experiments on a representative basanite over a large range of pressures (up to 400 MPa). The results show that the crystallization of basanite at crustal levels (12–15 km) yields a phonolitic residual liquid containing up to 3–4 wt% after 65 wt% of an assemblage of olivineplagioclaseamphiboleclinopyroxenebiotitemagnetiteilmeniteapatite. The final iron content of the residual phonolitic liquids is strongly controlled by the depth/pressure of fractionation. Fe-rich phonolites from the submarine ridge are produced at 6–8 km depth, while a shallower differentiation (4–5 km) results in the production of liquids with trachyte–benmoreite affinities. If the fractionation process occurs at depths higher than 8 km, the resulting phonolitic melts are progressively enriched in – but depleted in FeO*, ie unlike those erupted. We therefore conclude that phonolitic magma production and storage at Mayotte is a rather shallow process.Depuis mai 2018 et jusqu’à la fin de l’annĂ©e 2021, l’üle de Mayotte a Ă©tĂ© le scenario d’une Ă©ruption volcanique sous-marine majeure caractĂ©risĂ©e par l’émission en mer de plus de 6,5 km de magma basanitique. L’éruption s’est produite le long d’une ride sous-marine orientĂ©e ONO–ESE sur le flanc est de l’üle oĂč, entre autre, plusieurs corps phonolitiques d’ aspect rĂ©cent ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s Ă  proximitĂ© de l’üle. Pour dĂ©finir des scĂ©narios rĂ©alistes d’ascension du magma et potentiellement prĂ©voir le style d’un Ă©vĂ©nement Ă  venir, il est crucial d’avoir une comprĂ©hension prĂ©cise du systĂšme de plomberie magmatique opĂ©rant sous les volcans. Les relations gĂ©nĂ©tiques potentielles entre les basanites Ă©mises par le nouveau volcan et ces phonolites rĂ©centes ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement en effectuant des expĂ©riences de cristallisation sur une basanite reprĂ©sentative, et ce sur une large gamme de pressions (jusqu’à 400 MPa). Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la cristallisation de la basanite Ă  des profondeurs crustales (12–15 km) produit un liquide rĂ©siduel phonolitique contenant jusqu’à 3–4 % en poids (pd.%) de HO, aprĂšs la prĂ©cipitation d’au moins 65 pd.% d’un assemblage d’olivineplagioclaseamphiboleclinopyroxĂšnebiotitemagnĂ©titeilmĂ©niteapatite. La teneur finale en fer des liquides phonolitiques rĂ©siduels est fortement contrĂŽlĂ©e par la profondeur/pression de cristallisation. Les phonolites riches en fer de la dorsale sous-marine sont produites Ă  6–8 km de profondeur, tandis qu’une diffĂ©renciation moins profonde (4–5 km) entraĂźne la production de liquides Ă  affinitĂ©s trachyte–benmoreite. Si le processus de fractionnement se produit Ă  des profondeurs supĂ©rieures Ă  8 km, les liquides phonolitiques rĂ©sultants sont progressivement enrichis en SiO–AlO mais appauvris en FeO*, c’est-Ă -dire diffĂ©rents des phonolites naturelles. Nous concluons donc que la production et le stockage de magma phonolitique Ă  Mayotte est un processus plutĂŽt superficiel

    The Eocene nummulite carbonates (central Tunisia and NE Libya) : sedimentology, depositional environments, and application to oil reservoirs

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    Les nummulites sont des foraminifĂšres benthiques qui ont prolifĂ©rĂ© sur le pourtour du bassin mĂ©diterranĂ©en au cours de l'EocĂšne. L'accumulation de coquilles a conduit Ă  la formation de piĂšges Ă  hydrocarbures. L'enjeu de ce travail a consistĂ© Ă  Ă©tudier ces dĂ©pĂŽts carbonatĂ©s Ă  l'affleurement (Tunisie centrale, NE Libye) puis Ă  comparer les donnĂ©es de terrain avec les donnĂ©es de rĂ©servoirs pĂ©troliers. Suite Ă  des Ă©tudes expĂ©rimentales, il est dĂ©montrĂ© que les nummulites peuvent ĂȘtre transportĂ©es facilement par des courants de fond pour former diffĂ©rents corps sĂ©dimentaires, dont la taille et les qualitĂ©s rĂ©servoirs dĂ©pendent Ă©troitement du degrĂ© de remaniement. Les Ă©tudes de terrain ont permis notamment de reconstituer en 3D des corps sĂ©dimentaires. La corrĂ©lation entre les deux zones d'Ă©tude tend Ă  montrer un dĂ©placement des environnements Ă  nummulites Ă  la limite EocĂšne infĂ©rieur/moyen, en relation avec un mouvement de surrection gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ© Ă  l'Ă©chelle de la marge sud du bassin mĂ©diterranĂ©en
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