Phénobarbital et autres antiépileptiques dans le traitement des convulsions néonatales (étude des pratiques au CHRU de Lille, chez 80 nouveaux-nés, de 2009 à 2012)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Use of EEG in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A French survey of current practice and perspective for improving health care

International audienceObjectives: Controlled therapeutic hypothermia (CTH) is a standard of care in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy HIE in newborns after 36 weeks of gestational age (WGA) in France. The electroencephalogram (EEG) plays a major role in HIE diagnosis and follow-up. We conducted a French national survey on the current use of EEG in newborn undergoing CTH.Methods: Between July and October 2021, an email survey was sent to the heads of the Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in metropolitan and overseas French departments and territories.Results: Out of 67, 56 (83%) of NICUs responded. All of them performed CTH in children born after 36 WGA with clinical and biological criteria of moderate to severe HIE. 82% of the NICUs used conventional EEG (cEEG) before 6 h of life (H6), prior to CTH being performed, to inform decisions about its use. However, half of the 56 NICUs had limited access after regular working hours. 51 of the 56 centers (91%) used cEEG, either short-lasting or continuous monitoring during cooling, while 5 centers conducted only amplitude EEG (aEEG). Only 4 of 56 centers (7%) used cEEG systematically both prior to CTH and for continuous monitoring under CTH.Discussion: The use of cEEG in the management of neonatal HIE was widespread in NICUs, but with significant disparities when considering 24-hour access. The introduction of a centralized neurophysiological on-call system grouping several NICUs would be of major interest for most centers which do not have the facility of EEG outside working hours

Le médecin consultant pour les limitations et les arrêts de traitement en pédiatrie

International audienceIn 2005, the French law on patients’ rights at the end of life ratified that decisions to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining treatments must be made and carried out by the physician in charge of the patient, after obtaining the advice of an independent consulting colleague. The purpose of this text is to put forward the perspective of a pediatric multidisciplinary workshop regarding the role of the consulting physician and to propose guidelines to help choose this consultant.La loi du 22 avril 2005 relative aux droits des malades et à la fin de vie (dite « loi Leonetti ») a donné un cadre légal aux décisions de limitation et d’arrêt de traitement (LAT) et a instauré l’obligation d’une délibération collégiale pour les patients hors d’état d’exprimer leur volonté. Les modalités de cette collégialité ont été précisées par le décret du 6 février 2006 qui impose au médecin en charge du patient de prendre l’avis motivé d’un consultant avant toute décision de LAT. Ces dispositions qui ont été intégrées dans l’article 37 du Code de déontologie médicale, nécessitent leur appropriation dans des disciplines dont la culture et la temporalité sont très différentes. En pédiatrie, l’application de cette loi doit tenir compte du rôle des parents puisque, sur le plan légal, l’enfant est représenté par ses parents, qu’il soit ou non en état d’exprimer sa volonté. L’objectif de ce texte est de définir les situations requérant la présence d’un consultant au sens de la loi Leonetti en pédiatrie, de préciser son positionnement et son rôle, et de proposer des éléments d’orientation pour en guider le choix en pratique

MEF2C haploinsufficiency caused by either microdeletion of the 5q14.3 region or mutation is responsible for severe mental retardation with stereotypic movements, epilepsy and/or cerebral malformations.: MEF2C haploinsufficiency

International audienceBACKGROUND: Over the last few years, array-comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) has considerably improved our ability to detect cryptic unbalanced rearrangements in patients with syndromic mental retardation. METHOD: Molecular karyotyping of six patients with syndromic mental retardation was carried out using whole-genome oligonucleotide array-CGH. RESULTS: 5q14.3 microdeletions ranging from 216 kb to 8.8 Mb were detected in five unrelated patients with the following phenotypic similarities: severe mental retardation with absent speech, hypotonia and stereotypic movements. Facial dysmorphic features, epilepsy and/or cerebral malformations were also present in most of these patients. The minimal common deleted region of these 5q14 microdeletions encompassed only MEF2C, the gene for a protein known to act in brain as a neurogenesis effector, which regulates excitatory synapse number. In a patient with a similar phenotype, an MEF2C nonsense mutation was subsequently identified. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results strongly suggest that haploinsufficiency of MEF2C is responsible for severe mental retardation with stereotypic movements, seizures and/or cerebral malformations

The location of DCX mutations predicts malformation severity in X-linked lissencephaly

International audienceLissencephaly spectrum (LIS) is one of the most severe neuronal migration disorders that ranges from agyria/pachygyria to subcortical band heterotopia. Approximately 80% of patients with the LIS spectrum carry mutations in either the LIS1 or DCX (doublecortin) genes which have an opposite gradient of severity. The aim of the study was to evaluate in detail the phenotype of DCX-associated lissencephaly and to look for genotype-phenotype correlations. Of the 180 male patients with DCX-related lissencephaly, 33 males (24 familial cases and nine cases with de novo mutations) were found with hemizygous DCX mutations and were clinically and genetically assessed here. DCX mutation analysis revealed that the majority of mutations were missense (79.2%), clustered in the two evolutionary conserved domains, N-DC and C-DC, of DCX. The most prominent radiological phenotype was an anteriorly predominant pachygyria or agyria (54.5%) although DCX-associated lissencephaly encompasses a complete range of LIS grades. The severity of neurological impairment was in accordance with the degree of agyria with severe cognitive impairment in all patients, inability to walk independently in over half and refractory epilepsy in more than a third. For genotype-phenotype correlations, patients were divided in two groups according to the location of DCX missense mutations. Patients with mutations in the C-DC domain tended to have a less severe lissencephaly (grade 4-5 in 58.3%) compared with those in the N-DC domain (grade 4-5 in 36.3%) although, in this dataset, this was not statistically significant (p=0.12). Our evaluation suggests a putative correlation between phenotype and genotype. These data provide further clues to deepen our understanding of the function of the DCX protein and may give new insights into the molecular mechanisms that could influence the consequence of the mutation in the N-DC versus the C-DC domain of DCX

Spectrum of pontocerebellar hypoplasia in 13 girls and boys with <it>CASK </it>mutations: confirmation of a recognizable phenotype and first description of a male mosaic patient

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lack of development and/or early neurodegeneration of cerebellum and brainstem. According to clinical features, seven subtypes of PCH have been described, PCH type 2 related to <it>TSEN54 </it>mutations being the most frequent. PCH is most often autosomal recessive though <it>de novo </it>anomalies in the X-linked gene <it>CASK </it>have recently been identified in patients, mostly females, presenting with intellectual disability, microcephaly and PCH (MICPCH).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fourteen patients (12 females and two males; aged 16 months-14 years) presenting with PCH at neuroimaging and with clinical characteristics unsuggestive of PCH1 or PCH2 were included. The <it>CASK </it>gene screening was performed using Array-CGH and sequencing. Clinical and neuroradiological features were collected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed a high frequency of patients with a <it>CASK </it>mutation (13/14). Ten patients (8 girls and 2 boys) had intragenic mutations and three female patients had a Xp11.4 submicroscopic deletion including the <it>CASK </it>gene. All were <it>de novo </it>mutations. Phenotype was variable in severity but highly similar among the 11 girls and was characterized by psychomotor retardation, severe intellectual disability, progressive microcephaly, dystonia, mild dysmorphism, and scoliosis. Other signs were frequently associated, such as growth retardation, ophthalmologic anomalies (glaucoma, megalocornea and optic atrophy), deafness and epilepsy. As expected in an X-linked disease manifesting mainly in females, the boy hemizygous for a splice mutation had a very severe phenotype with nearly no development and refractory epilepsy. We described a mild phenotype in a boy with a mosaic truncating mutation. We found some degree of correlation between severity of the vermis hypoplasia and clinical phenotype.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study describes a new series of PCH female patients with <it>CASK </it>inactivating mutations and confirms that these patients have a recognizable although variable phenotype consisting of a specific form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia. In addition, we report the second male patient to present with a severe MICPCH phenotype and a <it>de novo CASK </it>mutation and describe for the first time a mildly affected male patient harboring a mosaic mutation. In our reference centre, <it>CASK </it>related PCH is the second most frequent cause of PCH. The identification of a <it>de novo </it>mutation in these patients enables accurate and reassuring genetic counselling.</p

LIS1-Related Isolated Lissencephaly: Spectrum of Mutations and Relationships With Malformation Severity

International audienceObjective: With the largest data set of patients with LIS1-related lissencephaly, the major cause of posteriorly predominant lissencephaly related to either LIS1 mutation or intragenic deletion, described so far, we aimed to refine the spectrum of neurological and radiological features and to assess relationships with the genotype.Design: Retrospective study.Subjects: A total of 63 patients with posteriorly predominant lissencephaly.Interventions: Of the 63 patients, 40 were found to carry either LIS1 point mutations (77.5%) or small genomic deletions (20%), and 1 carried a somatic nonsense mutation. On the basis of the severity of neuromotor impairment, epilepsy, and radiological findings, correlations with the location and type of mutation were examined.Results: Most patients with LIS1 mutations demonstrated posterior agyria (grade 3a, 55.3%) with thin corpus callosum (50%) and prominent perivascular spaces (67.4%). By contrast, patients without LIS1 mutations tended to have less severe lissencephaly (grade 4a, 41.6%) and no additional brain abnormalities. The degree of neuromotor impairment was in accordance with the severity of lissencephaly, with a high incidence of tetraplegia (61.1%). Conversely, the severity of epilepsy was not determined with the same reliability because 82.9% had early onset of seizures and 48.7% had seizures more often than daily. In addition, neither the mutation type nor the location of the mutation were found to predict the severity of LIS1-related lissencephaly.Conclusion: Our results confirm the homogeneity profile of patients with LIS1-related lissencephaly who demonstrate in a large proportion Dobyns lissencephaly grade 3a, and the absence of correlation with LIS1 mutations